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Porębska N, Ciura K, Chorążewska A, Zakrzewska M, Otlewski J, Opaliński Ł. Multivalent protein-drug conjugates - An emerging strategy for the upgraded precision and efficiency of drug delivery to cancer cells. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108213. [PMID: 37453463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
With almost 20 million new cases per year, cancer constitutes one of the most important challenges for public health systems. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, targeted anti-cancer strategies employ sophisticated therapeutics to precisely identify and attack cancer cells, limiting the impact of drugs on healthy cells and thereby minimizing the unwanted side effects of therapy. Protein drug conjugates (PDCs) are a rapidly growing group of targeted therapeutics, composed of a cancer-recognition factor covalently coupled to a cytotoxic drug. Several PDCs, mainly in the form of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that employ monoclonal antibodies as cancer-recognition molecules, are used in the clinic and many PDCs are currently in clinical trials. Highly selective, strong and stable interaction of the PDC with the tumor marker, combined with efficient, rapid endocytosis of the receptor/PDC complex and its subsequent effective delivery to lysosomes, is critical for the efficacy of targeted cancer therapy with PDCs. However, the bivalent architecture of contemporary clinical PDCs is not optimal for tumor receptor recognition or PDCs internalization. In this review, we focus on multivalent PDCs, which represent a rapidly evolving and highly promising therapeutics that overcome most of the limitations of current bivalent PDCs, enhancing the precision and efficiency of drug delivery to cancer cells. We present an expanding set of protein scaffolds used to generate multivalent PDCs that, in addition to folding into well-defined multivalent molecular structures, enable site-specific conjugation of the cytotoxic drug to ensure PDC homogeneity. We provide an overview of the architectures of multivalent PDCs developed to date, emphasizing their efficacy in the targeted treatment of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Porębska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ciura
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Chorążewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zakrzewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland.
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Direct experimental observation of blue-light-induced conformational change and intermolecular interactions of cryptochrome. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1103. [PMID: 36257983 PMCID: PMC9579160 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptochromes are blue light receptors that mediate circadian rhythm and magnetic sensing in various organisms. A typical cryptochrome consists of a conserved photolyase homology region domain and a varying carboxyl-terminal extension across species. The structure of the flexible carboxyl-terminal extension and how carboxyl-terminal extension participates in cryptochrome’s signaling function remain mostly unknown. In this study, we uncover the potential missing link between carboxyl-terminal extension conformational changes and downstream signaling functions. Specifically, we discover that the blue-light induced opening of carboxyl-terminal extension in C. reinhardtii animal-like cryptochrome can structurally facilitate its interaction with Rhythm Of Chloroplast 15, a circadian-clock-related protein. Our finding is made possible by two technical advances. Using single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer technique, we directly observe the displacement of carboxyl-terminal extension by about 15 Å upon blue light excitation. Combining structure prediction and solution X-ray scattering methods, we propose plausible structures of full-length cryptochrome under dark and lit conditions. The structures provide molecular basis for light active conformational changes of cryptochrome and downstream regulatory functions. Refined structures, protein-docking analysis and single molecule assays provides insights into light-induced conformational changes in the cryptochrome CraCRY.
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3
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Li H, Liu T, Yang H. Amplifying Intermolecular Events by Streptavidin-Induced Proximity. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11377-11385. [PMID: 35715211 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Weak interactions between biomolecules play important roles in many cellular functions. Structural and kinetic analyses of these interactions, however, have been hindered by the transient nature of such events. Here, we pointed out a general approach to overcome this obstacle─anchoring the molecular partners to streptavidin hosts─and achieved constrained proximity and stoichiometry for the sought-after molecular coupling. We elaborated this idea through a series of DNA hybridization reactions and quantitatively characterized them using single-molecule experiments. Compared to a nominally 1 μM solution, for example, the streptavidin-induced proximity (SIP) amounted to an effective molarity of ∼10-30 μM for the binding partners. There was also a significantly increased proportion of molecular association, manifested in both ensemble population and single-molecule residence time. As an application example, we showed how SIP enabled the observation and quantitative characterization of an unstable complex between Cas9-RNA and noncognate DNA substrates, interactions that had been challenging to characterize previously. Conceptually simple and implementationally robust, SIP was shown to considerably enhance the efficacy in capturing weak interactions and, as demonstrated here, could empower scientists to see the otherwise unseeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University,, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University,, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Haw Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University,, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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4
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Mohandas N, Kent LM, Raudsepp A, Jameson GB, Williams MAK. Progress toward Plug-and-Play Polymer Strings for Optical Tweezers Experiments: Concatenation of DNA Using Streptavidin Linkers. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:6427-6435. [PMID: 35224404 PMCID: PMC8867789 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Streptavidin is a tetrameric protein that is renowned for its strong binding to biotin. The robustness and strength of this noncovalent coupling has led to multitudinous applications of the pairing. Within the streptavidin tetramer, each protein monomer has the potential to specifically bind one biotin-bearing moiety. Herein, by separating various streptavidin species that have had differing numbers of their four potential binding sites blocked, several different types of "linking hub" were obtained, each with a different valency. The identification of these species and the study of the plugging process used to block sites during their preparation were carried out using capillary electrophoresis. Subsequently, a specific species, namely, a trans-divalent linker, in which the two open biotin-binding pockets are approximately opposite one another, was used to concatenate two ∼5 kb pieces of biotin-terminated double-stranded DNA. Following the incubation of this DNA with the prepared linker, a fraction of ∼10 kb strings was identified using gel electrophoresis. Finally, these concatenated DNA strings were stretched in an optical tweezer experiment, demonstrating the potential of the methodology for coupling and extending molecules for use in single-molecule biophysical experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Mohandas
- School
of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Lisa M. Kent
- School
of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Allan Raudsepp
- School
of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey B. Jameson
- School
of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- Riddet
Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Martin A. K. Williams
- School
of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- Riddet
Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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5
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Martinent R, Du D, López-Andarias J, Sakai N, Matile S. Oligomers of Cyclic Oligochalcogenides for Enhanced Cellular Uptake. Chembiochem 2020; 22:253-259. [PMID: 32975867 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Monomeric cyclic oligochalcogenides (COCs) are emerging as attractive transporters to deliver substrates of interest into the cytosol through thiol-mediated uptake. The objective of this study was to explore COC oligomers. We report a systematic evaluation of monomers, dimers, and trimers of asparagusic, lipoic, and diselenolipoic acid as well as their supramolecular monomers, dimers, trimers, and tetramers. COC dimers were more than twice as active as the monomers on both the covalent and noncovalent levels, whereas COC trimers were not much better than dimers. These trends might suggest that thiol-mediated uptake of COCs is synergistic over both short and long distances, that is, it involves more than two COCs and more than one membrane protein, although other interpretations cannot be excluded at this level of complexity. These results thus provide attractive perspectives for structural evolution as well as imminent use in practice. Moreover, they validate automated HC-CAPA as an invaluable method to collect comprehensive data on cytosolic delivery within a reasonable time at a level of confidence that is otherwise inconceivable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Martinent
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dongchen Du
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Javier López-Andarias
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
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López-Andarias J, Saarbach J, Moreau D, Cheng Y, Derivery E, Laurent Q, González-Gaitán M, Winssinger N, Sakai N, Matile S. Cell-Penetrating Streptavidin: A General Tool for Bifunctional Delivery with Spatiotemporal Control, Mediated by Transport Systems Such as Adaptive Benzopolysulfane Networks. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4784-4792. [PMID: 32109058 PMCID: PMC7307903 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this report, cell-penetrating streptavidin (CPS) is introduced to exploit the full power of streptavidin-biotin biotechnology in cellular uptake. For this purpose, transporters, here cyclic oligochalcogenides (COCs), are covalently attached to lysines of wild-type streptavidin. This leaves all four biotin binding sites free for at least bifunctional delivery. To maximize the standards of the quantitative evaluation of cytosolic delivery, the recent chloroalkane penetration assay (CAPA) is coupled with automated high content (HC) imaging, a technique that combines the advantages of fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. According to the resulting HC-CAPA, cytosolic delivery of CPS equipped with four benzopolysulfanes was the best among all tested CPSs, also better than the much smaller TAT peptide, the original cell-penetrating peptide from HIV. HaloTag-GFP fusion proteins expressed on mitochondria were successfully targeted using CPS carrying two different biotinylated ligands, HaloTag substrates or anti-GFP nanobodies, interfaced with peptide nucleic acids, flipper force probes, or fluorescent substrates. The delivered substrates could be released from CPS into the cytosol through desthiobiotin-biotin exchange. These results validate CPS as a general tool which enables unrestricted use of streptavidin-biotin biotechnology in cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier López-Andarias
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in
Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University
of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Saarbach
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in
Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University
of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Moreau
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in
Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University
of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Yangyang Cheng
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in
Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University
of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Derivery
- MRC
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Quentin Laurent
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in
Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University
of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Marcos González-Gaitán
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in
Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University
of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in
Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University
of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Sakai
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in
Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University
of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in
Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology, University
of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
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Goujon A, Straková K, Sakai N, Matile S. Streptavidin interfacing as a general strategy to localize fluorescent membrane tension probes in cells. Chem Sci 2019; 10:310-319. [PMID: 30713639 PMCID: PMC6333237 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03620a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To image the mechanical properties of biological membranes, twisted push-pull mechanophores that respond to membrane tension by planarization in the ground state have been introduced recently. For their application in biological systems, these so-called fluorescent flippers will have to be localized to specific environments of cellular membranes. In this report, we explore streptavidin as a versatile connector between biotinylated flipper probes and biotinylated targets. Fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy with LUVs and GUVs reveal the specific conditions needed for desthiobiotin-loaded streptavidin to deliver biotinylated flippers selectively to biotinylated membranes. Selectivity for biotinylated plasma membranes is also observed in HeLa cells, confirming the compatibility of this strategy with biological systems. Streptavidin interfacing does not affect the mechanosensitivity of the flipper probes, red shift in the excitation maximum and fluorescence lifetime increase with membrane order and tension, as demonstrated, inter alia, using FLIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Goujon
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry , National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland . ; http://www.unige.ch/sciences/chiorg/matile/
| | - Karolína Straková
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry , National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland . ; http://www.unige.ch/sciences/chiorg/matile/
| | - Naomi Sakai
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry , National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland . ; http://www.unige.ch/sciences/chiorg/matile/
| | - Stefan Matile
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry , National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Chemical Biology , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland . ; http://www.unige.ch/sciences/chiorg/matile/
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8
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Yoon HR, Choi H, Choi YA, Kim JA, Jung J, Kim HM, Jung Y. Fabrication of Oligomeric Avidin Scaffolds for Valency-Controlled Surface Display of Functional Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ryeon Yoon
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Hyeongjoo Choi
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Yoon-Aa Choi
- Bionano Health Guard Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Jung A. Kim
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology; KAIST; Korea
| | - Juyeon Jung
- Bionano Health Guard Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center; KRIBB; Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Nanobiotechnology Major; KRIBB School of Engineering; UST; Daejeon 34113 Korea
| | - Ho Min Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering; KAIST; Korea
| | - Yongwon Jung
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Korea
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9
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Yoon HR, Choi H, Choi YA, Kim JA, Jung J, Kim HM, Jung Y. Fabrication of Oligomeric Avidin Scaffolds for Valency-Controlled Surface Display of Functional Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12410-12414. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ryeon Yoon
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Hyeongjoo Choi
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Yoon-Aa Choi
- Bionano Health Guard Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Jung A. Kim
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology; KAIST; Korea
| | - Juyeon Jung
- Bionano Health Guard Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center; KRIBB; Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Nanobiotechnology Major; KRIBB School of Engineering; UST; Daejeon 34113 Korea
| | - Ho Min Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering; KAIST; Korea
| | - Yongwon Jung
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Korea
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Song S, Chang J, Ma C, Tan YW. Single-Molecule Fluorescence Methods to Study Plant Hormone Signal Transduction Pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1888. [PMID: 29163610 PMCID: PMC5673658 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant-hormone-initiated signaling pathways are extremely vital for plant growth, differentiation, development, and adaptation to environmental stresses. Hormonal perception by receptors induces downstream signal transduction mechanisms that lead to plant responses. However, conventional techniques-such as genetics, biochemistry, and physiology methods-that are applied to elucidate these signaling pathways can only provide qualitative or ensemble-averaged quantitative results, and the intrinsic molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The present study developed novel methodologies based on in vitro single-molecule fluorescence assays to elucidate the complete and detailed mechanisms of plant hormone signal transduction pathways. The proposed methods are based on multicolor total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and a flow cell model for gas environment control. The methods validate the effectiveness of single-molecule approaches for the extraction of abundant information, including oligomerization, specific gas dependence, and the interaction kinetics of different components.
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Fogen D, Wu SC, Ng KKS, Wong SL. Engineering Streptavidin and a Streptavidin-Binding Peptide with Infinite Binding Affinity and Reversible Binding Capability: Purification of a Tagged Recombinant Protein to High Purity via Affinity-Driven Thiol Coupling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139137. [PMID: 26406477 PMCID: PMC4583386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To extend and improve the utility of the streptavidin-binding peptide tag (SBP-tag) in applications ranging from affinity purification to the reversible immobilization of recombinant proteins, a cysteine residue was introduced to the streptavidin mutein SAVSBPM18 and the SBP-tag to generate SAVSBPM32 and SBP(A18C), respectively. This pair of derivatives is capable of forming a disulfide bond through the newly introduced cysteine residues. SAVSBPM32 binds SBP-tag and biotin with binding affinities (Kd ~ 10-8M) that are similar to SAVSBPM18. Although SBP(A18C) binds to SAVSBPM32 more weakly than SBP-tag, the binding affinity is sufficient to bring the two binding partners together efficiently before they are locked together via disulfide bond formation–a phenomenon we have named affinity-driven thiol coupling. Under the condition with SBP(A18C) tags in excess, two SBP(A18C) tags can be captured by a tetrameric SAVSBPM32. The stoichiometry of the disulfide-bonded SAVSBPM32-SBP(A18C) complex was determined using a novel two-dimensional electrophoresis method which has general applications for analyzing the composition of disulfide-bonded protein complexes. To illustrate the application of this reversible immobilization technology, optimized conditions were established to use the SAVSBPM32-affinity matrix for the purification of a SBP(A18C)-tagged reporter protein to high purity. Furthermore, we show that the SAVSBPM32-affinity matrix can also be applied to purify a biotinylated protein and a reporter protein tagged with the unmodified SBP-tag. The dual (covalent and non-covalent) binding modes possible in this system offer great flexibility to many different applications which need reversible immobilization capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawson Fogen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sau-Ching Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kenneth Kai-Sing Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sui-Lam Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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