1
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Li Y, Wang H, Zhang Y, Xiang Q, Chen Q, Yu X, Zhang L, Peng W, Penttinen P, Gu Y. Hydrated lime promoted the polysaccharide content and affected the transcriptomes of Lentinula edodes during brown film formation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1290180. [PMID: 38111638 PMCID: PMC10726012 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1290180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown film formation, a unique developmental stage in the life cycle of Lentinula edodes, is essential for the subsequent development of fruiting bodies in L. edodes cultivation. The pH of mushroom growth substrates are usually adjusted with hydrated lime, yet the effects of hydrated lime on cultivating L. edodes and the molecular mechanisms associated with the effects have not been studied systemically. We cultivated L. edodes on substrates supplemented with 0% (CK), 1% (T1), 3% (T2), and 5% (T3) hydrated lime (Ca (OH)2), and applied transcriptomics and qRT-PCR to study gene expression on the brown film formation stage. Hydrated lime increased polysaccharide contents in L. edodes, especially in T2, where the 5.3% polysaccharide content was approximately 1.5 times higher than in the CK. The addition of hydrated lime in the substrate promoted laccase, lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase activities, implying that hydrated lime improved the ability of L. edodes to decompose lignin and provide nutrition for its growth and development. Among the annotated 9,913 genes, compared to the control, 47 genes were up-regulated and 52 genes down-regulated in T1; 73 genes were up-regulated and 44 were down-regulated in T2; and 125 genes were up-regulated and 65 genes were down-regulated in T3. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in the amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism related pathways. The carbohydrate-active enzyme genes up-regulated in the hydrated lime treatments were mostly glycosyl hydrolase genes. The results will facilitate future optimization of L. edodes cultivation techniques and possibly shortening the production cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongcheng Wang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quanju Xiang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiumei Yu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingzi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihong Peng
- Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Petri Penttinen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunfu Gu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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2
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Thomson RES, D'Cunha SA, Hayes MA, Gillam EMJ. Use of engineered cytochromes P450 for accelerating drug discovery and development. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 95:195-252. [PMID: 35953156 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Numerous steps in drug development, including the generation of authentic metabolites and late-stage functionalization of candidates, necessitate the modification of often complex molecules, such as natural products. While it can be challenging to make the required regio- and stereoselective alterations to a molecule using purely chemical catalysis, enzymes can introduce changes to complex molecules with a high degree of stereo- and regioselectivity. Cytochrome P450 enzymes are biocatalysts of unequalled versatility, capable of regio- and stereoselective functionalization of unactivated CH bonds by monooxygenation. Collectively they catalyze over 60 different biotransformations on structurally and functionally diverse organic molecules, including natural products, drugs, steroids, organic acids and other lipophilic molecules. This catalytic versatility and substrate range makes them likely candidates for application as potential biocatalysts for industrial chemistry. However, several aspects of the P450 catalytic cycle and other characteristics have limited their implementation to date in industry, including: their lability at elevated temperature, in the presence of solvents, and over lengthy incubation times; the typically low efficiency with which they metabolize non-natural substrates; and their lack of specificity for a single metabolic pathway. Protein engineering by rational design or directed evolution provides a way to engineer P450s for industrial use. Here we review the progress made to date toward engineering the properties of P450s, especially eukaryotic forms, for industrial application, and including the recent expansion of their catalytic repertoire to include non-natural reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raine E S Thomson
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephlina A D'Cunha
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Martin A Hayes
- Compound Synthesis and Management, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth M J Gillam
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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3
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Nowrouzi B, Rios-Solis L. Redox metabolism for improving whole-cell P450-catalysed terpenoid biosynthesis. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:1213-1237. [PMID: 34749553 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1990210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The growing preference for producing cytochrome P450-mediated natural products in microbial systems stems from the challenging nature of the organic chemistry approaches. The P450 enzymes are redox-dependent proteins, through which they source electrons from reducing cofactors to drive their activities. Widely researched in biochemistry, most of the previous studies have extensively utilised expensive cell-free assays to reveal mechanistic insights into P450 functionalities in presence of commercial redox partners. However, in the context of microbial bioproduction, the synergic activity of P450- reductase proteins in microbial systems have not been largely investigated. This is mainly due to limited knowledge about their mutual interactions in the context of complex systems. Hence, manipulating the redox potential for natural product synthesis in microbial chassis has been limited. As the potential of redox state as crucial regulator of P450 biocatalysis has been greatly underestimated by the scientific community, in this review, we re-emphasize their pivotal role in modulating the in vivo P450 activity through affecting the product profile and yield. Particularly, we discuss the applications of widely used in vivo redox engineering methodologies for natural product synthesis to provide further suggestions for patterning on P450-based terpenoids production in microbial platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Nowrouzi
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Leonardo Rios-Solis
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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4
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Valikhani D, Bolivar JM, Pelletier JN. An Overview of Cytochrome P450 Immobilization Strategies for Drug Metabolism Studies, Biosensing, and Biocatalytic Applications: Challenges and Opportunities. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donya Valikhani
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal and Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), 1375 Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux Ave., Montréal, Quebec H2 V 0B3, Canada
- PROTEO, The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Québec City Quebec G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Juan M. Bolivar
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Complutense Ave., 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joelle N. Pelletier
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal and Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), 1375 Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux Ave., Montréal, Quebec H2 V 0B3, Canada
- PROTEO, The Québec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications, Québec City Quebec G1 V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit ave, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
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5
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Nöth M, Hussmann L, Belthle T, El-Awaad I, Davari MD, Jakob F, Pich A, Schwaneberg U. MicroGelzymes: pH-Independent Immobilization of Cytochrome P450 BM3 in Microgels. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:5128-5138. [PMID: 33206503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Microgels are an emerging class of "ideal" enzyme carriers because of their chemical and process stability, biocompatibility, and high enzyme loading capability. In this work, we synthesized a new type of permanently positively charged poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL) microgel with 1-vinyl-3-methylimidazolium (quaternization of nitrogen by methylation of N-vinylimidazole moieties) as a comonomer (PVCL/VimQ) through precipitation polymerization. The PVCL/VimQ microgels were characterized with respect to their size, charge, swelling degree, and temperature responsiveness in aqueous solutions. P450 monooxygenases are usually challenging to immobilize, and often, high activity losses occur after the immobilization (in the case of P450 BM3 from Bacillus megaterium up to 100% loss of activity). The electrostatic immobilization of P450 BM3 in permanently positively charged PVCL/VimQ microgels was achieved without the loss of catalytic activity at the pH optimum of P450 BM3 (pH 8; ∼9.4 nmol 7-hydroxy-3-carboxy coumarin ethyl ester/min for free and immobilized P450 BM3); the resulting P450-microgel systems were termed P450 MicroGelzymes (P450 μ-Gelzymes). In addition, P450 μ-Gelzymes offer the possibility of reversible ionic strength-triggered release and re-entrapment of the biocatalyst in processes (e.g., for catalyst reuse). Finally, a characterization of the potential of P450 μ-Gelzymes to provide resistance against cosolvents (acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, and 2-propanol) was performed to evaluate the biocatalytic application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Nöth
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Larissa Hussmann
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomke Belthle
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Islam El-Awaad
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, 71526 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mehdi D Davari
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Jakob
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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6
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Zou Z, Gau E, El-Awaad I, Jakob F, Pich A, Schwaneberg U. Selective Functionalization of Microgels with Enzymes by Sortagging. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2859-2869. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zou
- DWI − Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Gau
- DWI − Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Islam El-Awaad
- DWI − Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Felix Jakob
- DWI − Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI − Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- DWI − Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraβe 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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7
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Do MQ, Henry E, Kato M, Cheruzel L. Cross-linked cytochrome P450 BM3 aggregates promoted by Ru(II)-diimine complexes bearing aldehyde groups. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 186:130-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Valikhani D, Bolivar JM, Dennig A, Nidetzky B. A tailor-made, self-sufficient and recyclable monooxygenase catalyst based on coimmobilized cytochrome P450 BM3 and glucose dehydrogenase. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2416-2425. [PMID: 30036448 PMCID: PMC6836874 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) promote hydroxylations in a broad variety of substrates. Their prowess in C-H bond functionalization renders P450s promising catalysts for organic synthesis. However, operating P450 reactions involve complex management of the main substrates, O2 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H) reducing equivalents against an overall background of low operational stability. Whole-cell biocatalysis, although often used, offers no general solution to these problems. Herein, we present the design of a tailor-made, self-sufficient, operationally stabilized and recyclable P450 catalyst on porous solid support. Using enzymes as fusion proteins with the polycationic binding module Zbasic2 , the P450s BM3 (from Bacillus megaterium) was coimmobilized with glucose dehydrogenase (type IV; from B. megaterium) on anionic sulfopropyl-activated carrier (ReliSorb SP). Immobilization via Zbasic2 enabled each enzyme to be loaded in controllable amount, thus maximizing the relative portion of the rate limiting P450 BM3 (up to 19.5 U/gcarrier ) in total enzyme immobilized. Using lauric acid as a representative P450 substrate that is poorly accessible to whole-cell catalysts, we demonstrate complete hydroxylation at low catalyst loading (≤0.1 mol%) and efficient electron coupling (74%), inside of the catalyst particle, to the regeneration of NADPH from glucose (27 cycles) was achieved. The immobilized P450 BM3 showed a total turnover number of ∼18,000, thus allowing active catalyst to be recycled up to 20 times. This study therefore supports the idea of practical heterogeneous catalysis by P450s systems immobilized on solid support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donya Valikhani
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Juan M Bolivar
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Dennig
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
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9
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Bahrami A, Garnier A, Larachi F, Iliuta MC. Covalent immobilization of cytochrome P450 BM3 (R966D/W1046S) on glutaraldehyde activated SPIONs. CAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Bahrami
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Laval University; QC, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Alain Garnier
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Laval University; QC, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Faïçal Larachi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Laval University; QC, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Maria C. Iliuta
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Laval University; QC, G1V 0A6 Canada
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10
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Zernia S, Frank R, Weiße RHJ, Jahnke HG, Bellmann-Sickert K, Prager A, Abel B, Sträter N, Robitzki A, Beck-Sickinger AG. Surface-Binding Peptide Facilitates Electricity-Driven NADPH-Free Cytochrome P450 Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Zernia
- Institute of Biochemistry; Leipzig University; Brüderstraße 34 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Ronny Frank
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine; Leipzig University; Deutscher Platz 5 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Renato H.-J. Weiße
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine; Leipzig University; Deutscher Platz 5 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Heinz-Georg Jahnke
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine; Leipzig University; Deutscher Platz 5 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | | | - Andrea Prager
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Modification, IOM; Permoserstraße 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
| | - Bernd Abel
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Modification, IOM; Permoserstraße 15 04318 Leipzig Germany
| | - Norbert Sträter
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine; Leipzig University; Deutscher Platz 5 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Andrea Robitzki
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine; Leipzig University; Deutscher Platz 5 04103 Leipzig Germany
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11
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Stenger B, Gerber A, Bernhardt R, Hannemann F. Functionalized poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) bodies as new in vitro biocatalysts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017; 1866:52-59. [PMID: 28870733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 play a key role in the drug and steroid metabolism in the human body. This leads to a high interest in this class of proteins. Mammalian cytochromes P450 are rather delicate. Due to their localization in the mitochondrial or microsomal membrane, they tend to aggregate during expression and purification and to convert to an inactive form so that they have to be purified and stored in complex buffers. The complex buffers and low storage temperatures, however, limit the feasibility of fast, automated screening of the corresponding cytochrome P450-effector interactions, which are necessary to study substrate-protein and inhibitor-protein interactions. Here, we present the production and isolation of functionalized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) granules (PHB bodies) from Bacillus megaterium MS941 strain. In contrast to the expression in Escherichia coli, where mammalian cytochromes P450 are associated to the cell membrane, when CYP11A1 is heterologously expressed in Bacillus megaterium, it is located on the PHB bodies. The surface of these particles provides a matrix for immobilization and stabilization of the CYP11A1 during the storage of the protein and substrate conversion. It was demonstrated that the PHB polymer basis is inert concerning the performed conversion. Immobilization of the CYP11A1 onto the PHB bodies allows freeze-drying of the complex without significant decrease of the CYP11A1 activity. This is the first lyophilization of a mammalian cytochrome P450, which allows storage over more than 18days at 4°C instead of storage at -80°C. In addition, we were able to immobilize the cytochrome P450 on the PHB bodies in vitro. In this case the expression of the protein is separated from the production of the immobilization matrix, which widens the application of this method. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cytochrome P450 biodiversity and biotechnology, edited by Erika Plettner, Gianfranco Gilardi, Luet Wong, Vlada Urlacher, Jared Goldstone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Stenger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Adrian Gerber
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rita Bernhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Frank Hannemann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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12
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Ducharme J, Auclair K. Use of bioconjugation with cytochrome P450 enzymes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017. [PMID: 28625736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bioconjugation, defined as chemical modification of biomolecules, is widely employed in biological and biophysical studies. It can expand functional diversity and enable applications ranging from biocatalysis, biosensing and even therapy. This review summarizes how chemical modifications of cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s or CYPs) have contributed to improving our understanding of these enzymes. Genetic modifications of P450s have also proven very useful but are not covered in this review. Bioconjugation has served to gain structural information and investigate the mechanism of P450s via photoaffinity labeling, mechanism-based inhibition (MBI) and fluorescence studies. P450 surface acetylation and protein cross-linking have contributed to the investigation of protein complexes formation involving P450 and its redox partner or other P450 enzymes. Finally, covalent immobilization on polymer surfaces or electrodes has benefited the areas of biocatalysis and biosensor design. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cytochrome P450 biodiversity and biotechnology, edited by Erika Plettner, Gianfranco Gilardi, Luet Wong, Vlada Urlacher, Jared Goldstone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ducharme
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Karine Auclair
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
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13
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Behrendorff JBYH, Gillam EMJ. Prospects for Applying Synthetic Biology to Toxicology: Future Opportunities and Current Limitations for the Repurposing of Cytochrome P450 Systems. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 30:453-468. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth M. J. Gillam
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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14
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P450 BM3 fused to phosphite dehydrogenase allows phosphite-driven selective oxidations. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:2319-2331. [PMID: 27900443 PMCID: PMC5320008 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7993-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To facilitate the wider application of the NADPH-dependent P450BM3, we fused the monooxygenase with a phosphite dehydrogenase (PTDH). The resulting monooxygenase-dehydrogenase fusion enzyme acts as a self-sufficient bifunctional catalyst, accepting phosphite as a cheap electron donor for the regeneration of NADPH. The well-expressed fusion enzyme was purified and analyzed in comparison to the parent enzymes. Using lauric acid as substrate for P450BM3, it was found that the fusion enzyme had similar substrate affinity and hydroxylation selectivity while it displayed a significantly higher activity than the non-fused monooxygenase. Phosphite-driven conversions of lauric acid at restricted NADPH concentrations confirmed multiple turnovers of the cofactor. Interestingly, both the fusion enzyme and the native P450BM3 displayed enzyme concentration dependent activity and the fused enzyme reached optimal activity at a lower enzyme concentration. This suggests that the fusion enzyme has an improved tendency to form functional oligomers. To explore the constructed phosphite-driven P450BM3 as a biocatalyst, conversions of the drug compounds omeprazole and rosiglitazone were performed. PTDH-P450BM3 driven by phosphite was found to be more efficient in terms of total turnover when compared with P450BM3 driven by NADPH. The results suggest that PTDH-P450BM3 is an attractive system for use in biocatalytic and drug metabolism studies.
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15
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Enhancing the Enzymatic Activity of a Heme-Dependent Peroxidase through Genetic Modification. Catalysts 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/catal6110166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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16
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Tan CY, Hirakawa H, Suzuki R, Haga T, Iwata F, Nagamune T. Immobilization of a Bacterial Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase System on a Solid Support. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheau Yuaan Tan
- Department of Bioengineering; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Hidehiko Hirakawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Risa Suzuki
- Department of Bioengineering; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- Department of Biotechnology; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603 Japan
| | - Tomoaki Haga
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Fumiya Iwata
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Teruyuki Nagamune
- Department of Bioengineering; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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17
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Tan CY, Hirakawa H, Suzuki R, Haga T, Iwata F, Nagamune T. Immobilization of a Bacterial Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase System on a Solid Support. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15002-15006. [PMID: 27781345 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cytochrome P450s (P450s), which catalyze regio- and stereoselective oxidations of hydrocarbons with high turnover rates, are attractive biocatalysts for fine chemical production. Enzyme immobilization is needed for cost-effective industrial manufacturing. However, immobilization of P450s is difficult because electron-transfer proteins are involved in catalysis and anchoring these can prevent them from functioning as shuttle molecules for carrying electrons. We studied a heterotrimeric protein-mediated co-immobilization of a bacterial P450, and its electron-transfer protein and reductase. Fusion with subunits of a heterotrimeric Sulfolobus solfataricus proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) enabled immobilization of the three proteins on a solid support. The co-immobilized enzymes catalyzed monooxygenation because the electron-transfer protein fused to PCNA via a single peptide linker retained its electron-transport function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheau Yuaan Tan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Hirakawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Risa Suzuki
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Haga
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Fumiya Iwata
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Nagamune
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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18
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19
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Zernia S, Ott F, Bellmann-Sickert K, Frank R, Klenner M, Jahnke HG, Prager A, Abel B, Robitzki A, Beck-Sickinger AG. Peptide-Mediated Specific Immobilization of Catalytically Active Cytochrome P450 BM3 Variant. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1090-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Zernia
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Ott
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Ronny Frank
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Centre
for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher
Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcus Klenner
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Centre
for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher
Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heinz-Georg Jahnke
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Centre
for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher
Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Prager
- Leibniz-Institute of Surface Modification (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Abel
- Leibniz-Institute of Surface Modification (IOM), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Robitzki
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Centre
for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher
Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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20
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Lee JH, Nam DH, Lee SH, Park JH, Park CB, Jeong KJ. Solar-to-chemical conversion platform by Robust Cytochrome P450-P(3HB) complex. J IND ENG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Tan CY, Hirakawa H, Nagamune T. Supramolecular protein assembly supports immobilization of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system as water-insoluble gel. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8648. [PMID: 25733255 PMCID: PMC4346803 DOI: 10.1038/srep08648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse applications of the versatile bacterial cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) are hampered by their requirement for the auxiliary proteins, ferredoxin reductases and ferredoxins, that transfer electrons to P450s. Notably, this limits the use of P450s as immobilized enzymes for industrial purposes. Herein, we demonstrate the immobilization of a bacterial P450 and its redox protein partners by supramolecular complex formation using a self-assembled heterotrimeric protein. Employment of homodimeric phosphite dehydrogenase (PTDH) for cross-linking “proliferating cell nuclear antigen-utilized protein complex of P450 and its two electron transfer-related proteins” (PUPPET) yielded a gelling PUPPET-PTDH system capable of regenerating NADH for electron supply owing to its phosphite oxidation activity. The protein gel catalyzed monooxygenation in the presence of phosphite and NAD+. The gel was completely water-insoluble and could be reused. This concept of oligomeric protein-insolubilized enzymes can be widely applied to various multienzymatic reactions such as cascade reactions and coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheau Yuaan Tan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Hirakawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Nagamune
- 1] Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan [2] Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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