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Hennessy J, McGorman B, Molphy Z, Farrell NP, Singleton D, Brown T, Kellett A. A Click Chemistry Approach to Targeted DNA Crosslinking with
cis
‐Platinum(II)‐Modified Triplex‐Forming Oligonucleotides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Hennessy
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology Dublin City University, Glasnevin Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Bríonna McGorman
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology Dublin City University, Glasnevin Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Zara Molphy
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology Dublin City University, Glasnevin Dublin 9 Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid-State Pharmaceutical Centre School of Chemical Sciences Dublin City University, Glasnevin Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Nicholas P. Farrell
- Department of Chemistry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23284-2006 USA
| | - Daniel Singleton
- ATDBio Ltd. School of Chemistry University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Tom Brown
- ATDBio Ltd. School of Chemistry University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Andrew Kellett
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology Dublin City University, Glasnevin Dublin 9 Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid-State Pharmaceutical Centre School of Chemical Sciences Dublin City University, Glasnevin Dublin 9 Ireland
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Hennessy J, McGorman B, Molphy Z, Farrell NP, Singleton D, Brown T, Kellett A. A Click Chemistry Approach to Targeted DNA Crosslinking with cis-Platinum(II)-Modified Triplex-Forming Oligonucleotides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202110455. [PMID: 34652881 PMCID: PMC9299770 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Limitations of clinical platinum(II) therapeutics include systemic toxicity and inherent resistance. Modern approaches, therefore, seek new ways to deliver active platinum(II) to discrete nucleic acid targets. In the field of antigene therapy, triplex‐forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) have attracted interest for their ability to specifically recognise extended duplex DNA targets. Here, we report a click chemistry based approach that combines alkyne‐modified TFOs with azide‐bearing cis‐platinum(II) complexes—based on cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and carboplatin motifs—to generate a library of PtII‐TFO hybrids. These constructs can be assembled modularly and enable directed platinum(II) crosslinking to purine nucleobases on the target sequence under the guidance of the TFO. By covalently incorporating modifications of thiazole orange—a known DNA‐intercalating fluorophore—into PtII‐TFOs constructs, enhanced target binding and discrimination between target and off‐target sequences was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Hennessy
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, 9, Ireland
| | - Bríonna McGorman
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, 9, Ireland
| | - Zara Molphy
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, 9, Ireland.,Synthesis and Solid-State Pharmaceutical Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, 9, Ireland
| | - Nicholas P Farrell
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284-2006, USA
| | - Daniel Singleton
- ATDBio Ltd., School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Tom Brown
- ATDBio Ltd., School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Andrew Kellett
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, 9, Ireland.,Synthesis and Solid-State Pharmaceutical Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, 9, Ireland
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Kishimoto T, Yoshikawa Y, Yoshikawa K, Komeda S. Different Effects of Cisplatin and Transplatin on the Higher-Order Structure of DNA and Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E34. [PMID: 31861648 PMCID: PMC6981875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the effectiveness of cisplatin as an anticancer agent, its trans-isomer, transplatin, is clinically ineffective. Although both isomers target nuclear DNA, there is a large difference in the magnitude of their biological effects. Here, we compared their effects on gene expression in an in vitro luciferase assay and quantified their effects on the higher-order structure of DNA using fluorescence microscopy (FM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The inhibitory effect of cisplatin on gene expression was about 7 times that of transplatin. Analysis of the fluctuation autocorrelation function of the intrachain Brownian motion of individual DNA molecules showed that cisplatin increases the spring and damping constants of DNA by one order of magnitude and these visco-elastic characteristics tend to increase gradually over several hours. Transplatin had a weaker effect, which tended to decrease with time. These results agree with a stronger inhibitory effect of cisplatin on gene expression. We discussed the characteristic effects of the two compounds on the higher-order DNA structure and gene expression in terms of the differences in their binding to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Kishimoto
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.Y.); (K.Y.)
| | - Yuko Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.Y.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kenichi Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.Y.); (K.Y.)
| | - Seiji Komeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 513-8670, Japan
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Ukale DU, Lönnberg T. Triplex Formation by Oligonucleotides Containing Organomercurated Base Moieties. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1096-1101. [PMID: 29575511 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Homothymine oligonucleotides with a single 5-mercuricytosine or 5-mercuriuracil residue at their termini have been synthesized and their capacity to form triplexes has been examined with an extensive array of double-helical targets. UV and circular dichroism (CD) melting experiments revealed the formation and thermal denaturation of pyrimidine⋅purine*pyrimidine-type triple helices with all oligonucleotide combinations studied. Nearly all triplexes were destabilized upon mercuration of the 3'-terminal residue of the triplex-forming oligonucleotide, in all likelihood due to competing intramolecular HgII -mediated base pairing. Two exceptions from this general pattern were, however, observed: 5-mercuricytosine was stabilizing when placed opposite to a T⋅A or A⋅T base pair. The stabilization was further amplified in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol (but not hexanethiol, thiophenol or cysteine), suggesting a stabilizing interaction other than HgII -mediated base pairing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuomas Lönnberg
- University of Turku, Department of Chemistry, Vatselankatu 2, 20014, Turku, Finland
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Graham MK, Brown TR, Miller PS. Targeting the human androgen receptor gene with platinated triplex-forming oligonucleotides. Biochemistry 2015; 54:2270-82. [PMID: 25768916 DOI: 10.1021/bi501565n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-derivatized homopyrimidine triplex-forming oligonucleotides (Pt-TFOs) consisting of 2'-O-methyl-5-methyluridine, 2'-O-methyl-5-methylcytidine, and a single 3'-N7-trans-chlorodiammine platinum(II)-2'-deoxyguanosine were designed to cross-link to the transcribed strand at four different sequences in the human androgen receptor (AR) gene. Fluorescence microscopy showed that a fluorescein-tagged Pt-TFO localizes in both the cytoplasm and nucleus when it is transfected into LAPC-4 cells, a human prostate cancer cell line, using Lipofectamine 2000. A capture assay employing streptavidin-coated magnetic beads followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was used to demonstrate that 5'-biotin-conjugated Pt-TFOs cross-link in vitro to their four designated AR gene targets in genomic DNA extracted from LAPC-4 cells. Similarly, the capture assay was used to examine cross-linking between the 5'-biotin-conjugated Pt-TFOs and the AR gene in LAPC-4 cells in culture. Three of the four Pt-TFOs cross-linked to their designated target, suggesting that different regions of the AR gene are not uniformly accessible to Pt-TFO cross-linking. LAPC-4 cells were transfected with fluorescein-tagged Pt-TFO or a control oligonucleotide that does not bind or cross-link to AR DNA. The levels of AR mRNA in highly fluorescent cells isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting were determined by RT-qPCR, and the levels of AR protein were monitored by immunofluorescence microscopy. Decreases in mRNA and protein levels of 40 and 30%, respectively, were observed for fluorescein-tagged Pt-TFO versus control treated cells. Although the levels of knockdown of AR mRNA and protein were modest, the results suggest that Pt-TFOs hold potential as agents for controlling gene expression by cross-linking to DNA and disrupting transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy K Graham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Terry R Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Paul S Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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Gyssels E, Carrette LLG, Vercruysse E, Stevens K, Madder A. Triplex crosslinking through furan oxidation requires perturbation of the structured triple-helix. Chembiochem 2015; 16:651-8. [PMID: 25630588 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Short oligonucleotides can selectively recognize duplexes by binding in the major groove thereby forming triplexes. Based on the success of our recently developed strategy for furan-based crosslinking in DNA duplexes, we here investigated for the first time the use of the furan-oxidation crosslink methodology for the covalent locking of triplex structures by an interstrand crosslink. It was shown that in a triplex context, although crosslinking yields are surprisingly low (to nonexistent) when targeting fully complementary duplexes, selective crosslinking can be achieved towards mismatched duplex sites at the interface of triplex to duplex structures. We show the promising potential of furan-containing probes for the selective detection of single-stranded regions within nucleic acids containing a variety of structural motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Gyssels
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, 9000 Gent (Belgium)
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Alam R, Thazhathveetil AK, Li H, Seidman MM. Preparation and application of triple helix forming oligonucleotides and single strand oligonucleotide donors for gene correction. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1114:103-13. [PMID: 24557899 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-761-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for site-specific modulation of genomic sequences in mammalian cells require two components. One must be capable of recognizing and activating a specific target sequence in vivo, driving that site into an exploitable repair pathway. Information is transferred to the site via participation in the pathway by the second component, a donor nucleic acid, resulting in a permanent change in the target sequence. We have developed biologically active triple helix forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) as site-specific gene targeting reagents. These TFOs, linked to DNA reactive compounds (such as a cross-linking agent), activate pathways that can engage informational donors. We have used the combination of a psoralen-TFO and single strand oligonucleotide donors to generate novel cell lines with directed sequence changes at the target site. Here we describe the synthesis and purification of bioactive psoralen-linked TFOs, their co-introduction into mammalian cells with donor nucleic acids, and the identification of cells with sequence conversion of the target site. We have emphasized details in the synthesis and purification of the oligonucleotides that are essential for preparation of reagents with optimal activity.
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Graham MK, Miller PS. Inhibition of transcription by platinated triplex-forming oligonucleotides. J Biol Inorg Chem 2012; 17:1197-208. [PMID: 22965663 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-012-0933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Platinated triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) consisting of 2'-methoxythymidine and 2'-methoxy-5-methylcytidine and an N-7 platinated deoxyguanosine ((Pt)G) at the 5'-((Pt)G-TFO), 3'-(TFO-G(Pt)), or 3'- and 5'-((Pt)G-TFO-G(Pt)) ends of the TFO form mono-((Pt)G-TFO and TFO-G(Pt)) and interstrand ((Pt)G-TFO-G(Pt)) cross-links with target DNA as a result of reaction of the (Pt)G with guanines adjacent to the homopurine TFO binding site in the target. The extent of cross-linking is greatest when the (Pt)G is located on the 3' end of the TFO and the target guanine is on the same strand as the TFO binding site. Multiple, contiguous deoxyguanosines in the TFO binding site or a cytosine adjacent to the G(Pt) of the TFO significantly reduce cross-linking. DNA reporter plasmids in which platinated TFOs were cross-linked at a site in the transcribed region between a CMV promoter and a luciferase reporter gene were transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells, and luciferase expression was compared with that for the corresponding non-cross-linked plasmid. Luciferase expression was inhibited 95 % when TFO-G(Pt) was bound and cross-linked to the transcribed strand, demonstrating that the cross-linked TFO was able to block transcription elongation. Further inhibition (99 %) was observed in nucleotide excision repair (NER) deficient cells, suggesting that NER may repair this lesion. The 3'-G(Pt) group of TFO-G(Pt) protects the TFO from degradation by exonucleases found in mammalian serum. Taken together, these results suggest that platinated TFOs of the type TFO-G(Pt) may find applications as agents for suppressing DNA transcription and consequently inhibiting gene expression in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy K Graham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21212, USA
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Rusling DA, Nandhakumar IS, Brown T, Fox KR. Triplex-directed covalent cross-linking of a DNA nanostructure. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:9592-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc35407a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Georgiades SN, Vilar R. Interaction of metal complexes with nucleic acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b918406f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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