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Kellermeier M, Rosenberg R, Moise A, Anders U, Przybylski M, Cölfen H. Amino acids form prenucleation clusters: ESI-MS as a fast detection method in comparison to analytical ultracentrifugation. Faraday Discuss 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fd20060k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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2
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Schorzman AN, Perera L, Cutalo-Patterson JM, Pedersen LC, Pedersen LG, Kunkel TA, Tomer KB. Modeling of the DNA-binding site of yeast Pms1 by mass spectrometry. DNA Repair (Amst) 2011; 10:454-65. [PMID: 21354867 PMCID: PMC3084373 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mismatch repair (MMR) corrects replication errors that would otherwise lead to mutations and, potentially, various forms of cancer. Among several proteins required for eukaryotic MMR, MutLα is a heterodimer comprised of Mlh1 and Pms1. The two proteins dimerize along their C-terminal domains (CTDs), and the CTD of Pms1 houses a latent endonuclease that is required for MMR. The highly conserved N-terminal domains (NTDs) independently bind DNA and possess ATPase active sites. Here we use two protein footprinting techniques, limited proteolysis and oxidative surface mapping, coupled with mass spectrometry to identify amino acids involved along the DNA-binding surface of the Pms1-NTD. Limited proteolysis experiments elucidated several basic residues that were protected in the presence of DNA, while oxidative surface mapping revealed one residue that is uniquely protected from oxidation. Furthermore, additional amino acids distributed throughout the Pms1-NTD were protected from oxidation either in the presence of a non-hydrolyzable analog of ATP or DNA, indicating that each ligand stabilizes the protein in a similar conformation. Based on the recently published X-ray crystal structure of yeast Pms1-NTD, a model of the Pms1-NTD/DNA complex was generated using the mass spectrometric data as constraints. The proposed model defines the DNA-binding interface along a positively charged groove of the Pms1-NTD and complements prior mutagenesis studies of Escherichia coli and eukaryotic MutL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N. Schorzman
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Lalith Perera
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Jenny M. Cutalo-Patterson
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Lars C. Pedersen
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Lee G. Pedersen
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Thomas A. Kunkel
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Kenneth B. Tomer
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
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3
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Fabris D. A role for the MS analysis of nucleic acids in the post-genomics age. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 21:1-13. [PMID: 19897384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The advances of mass spectrometry in the analysis of nucleic acids have tracked very closely the exciting developments of instrumentation and ancillary technologies, which have taken place over the years. However, their diffusion in the broader life sciences community has been and will be linked to the ever evolving focus of biomedical research and its changing demands. Before the completion of the Human Genome Project, great emphasis was placed on sequencing technologies that could help accomplish this project of exceptional scale. After the publication of the human genome, the emphasis switched toward techniques dedicated to the exploration of sequences not coding for actual protein products, which amount to the vast majority of transcribed elements. The broad range of capabilities offered by mass spectrometry is rapidly advancing this platform to the forefront of the technologies employed for the structure-function investigation of these noncoding elements. Increasing focus on the characterization of functional assemblies and their specific interactions has prompted a re-evaluation of what has been traditionally construed as nucleic acid analysis by mass spectrometry. Inspired by the accelerating expansion of the broader field of nucleic acid research, new applications to fundamental biological studies and drug discovery will help redefine the evolving role of MS-analysis of nucleic acids in the post-genomics age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fabris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21228, USA.
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4
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Buchmann W, Boutorine A, Halby L, Tortajada J, De Pauw E. A new method for the determination of the relative affinity of a ligand against various DNA sequences by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Application to a polyamide minor groove binder. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2009; 44:1171-1181. [PMID: 19408249 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A new method for the determination of the relative affinity of a ligand against various dsDNA sequences is presented by using electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF) mass spectrometry. The principle is described here through the complexation of double-stranded DNA by a polyamide ligand including twelve N-methylpyrrole rings. However this method could be applied to other ligands especially when dissociation constants (Kd) are in nanomolar range. This method does not require knowing the ligand concentration accurately. It allows determination of the relative affinity of a ligand against various dsDNA sequences for 1 : 1 complex stoichiometries in a quick manner without labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Buchmann
- Université d'Evry val d'Essonne, Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, (CNRS UMR 8587/CEA), Bâtiment Maupertuis, Bd. François Mitterrand, 91025 Evry, France.
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5
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Pierce SE, Kieltyka R, Sleiman HF, Brodbelt JS. Evaluation of binding selectivities and affinities of platinum-based quadruplex interactive complexes by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Biopolymers 2009; 91:233-43. [PMID: 19117031 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The quadruplex binding affinities and selectivities of two large pi-surface Pt(II) phenanthroimidazole complexes, as well as a smaller pi-surface platinum bipyridine complex and a larger Ru(II) complex, were evaluated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was used to determine the structures of various quadruplexes and to study the thermal denaturation of the quadruplexes in the absence and presence of the metal complexes. In addition, chemical probe reactions with glyoxal were used to monitor the changes in the quadruplex conformation because of association with the complexes. The platinum phenanthroimidazole complexes show increased affinity for several of the quadruplexes with elongated loops between guanine repeats. Quadruplexes with shorter loops exhibited insubstantial binding to the transition metal complexes. Similarly binding to duplex and single strand oligonucleotides was low overall. Although the ruthenium-based metal complex showed somewhat enhanced quadruplex binding, the Pt(II) complexes had higher quadruplex affinities and selectivities that are attributed to their square planar geometries. The chemical probe reactions using glyoxal indicated increased reactivity when the platinum phenanthroimidazole complexes were bound to the quadruplexes, thus suggesting a conformational change that alters guanine accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Pierce
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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6
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Akashi S. Investigation of molecular interaction within biological macromolecular complexes by mass spectrometry. Med Res Rev 2006; 26:339-68. [PMID: 16463282 DOI: 10.1002/med.20051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The advent of electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) has accelerated structural studies of biological macromolecular complexes. At present, mass spectrometry can provide accurate mass values not only of individual biological macromolecules but also of their assemblies. Furthermore, it can also give information on the interface sites of the biological macromolecular complexes. The present article focuses on the role of mass spectrometry in the investigation of biological molecular interactions, such as protein-protein, protein-DNA, and protein-ligand interactions, which play essential roles in various biological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Akashi
- International Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi-ku, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Banoub JH, Newton RP, Esmans E, Ewing DF, Mackenzie G. Recent developments in mass spectrometry for the characterization of nucleosides, nucleotides, oligonucleotides, and nucleic acids. Chem Rev 2005; 105:1869-915. [PMID: 15884792 DOI: 10.1021/cr030040w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Banoub
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch, Special Projects, P.O. Box 5667, St. John's NL A1C 5X1, Canada.
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8
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Ashcroft AE. Recent developments in electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry: noncovalently bound protein complexes. Nat Prod Rep 2005; 22:452-64. [PMID: 16047045 DOI: 10.1039/b417724j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Ashcroft
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Biochemistry & Microbiology, The University of Leeds, UK
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Perret F, Morel-Desrosiers N, Coleman A. An ESI/MS study of the formation of ternary 25,27-bis(dihydroxy-phosphoryloxy) calixarene-metal ion-aminoacid complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-7862(02)00019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jurinke C, van den Boom D, Cantor CR, Köster H. The use of MassARRAY technology for high throughput genotyping. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2002; 77:57-74. [PMID: 12227737 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-45713-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
This chapter will explore the role of mass spectrometry (MS) as a detection method for genotyping applications and will illustrate how MS evolved from an expert-user-technology to a routine laboratory method in biological sciences. The main focus will be time-of-flight (TOF) based devices and their use for analyzing single-nucleotide-polymorphisms (SNPs, pronounced snips). The first section will describe the evolution of the use of MS in the field of bioanalytical sciences and the protocols used during the early days of bioanalytical MALDI TOF mass spectrometry. The second section will provide an overview on intraspecies sequence diversity and the nature and importance of SNPs for the genomic sciences. This is followed by an exploration of the special and advantageous features of mass spectrometry as the key technology in modern bioanalytical sciences in the third chapter. Finally, the fourth section will describe the MassARRAY technology as an advanced system for automated high-throughput analysis of SNPs.
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MESH Headings
- Databases, Nucleic Acid
- Equipment Design
- Human Genome Project
- Humans
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA/instrumentation
- Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods
- Species Specificity
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/instrumentation
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/instrumentation
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/trends
- Tandem Repeat Sequences/genetics
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11
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Rusconi F, Guillonneau F, Praseuth D. Contributions of mass spectrometry in the study of nucleic acid-binding proteins and of nucleic acid-protein interactions. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2002; 21:305-348. [PMID: 12645088 DOI: 10.1002/mas.10036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic-acid-protein (NA-P) interactions play essential roles in a variety of biological processes-gene expression regulation, DNA repair, chromatin structure regulation, transcription regulation, RNA processing, and translation-to cite only a few. Such biological processes involve a broad spectrum of NA-P interactions as well as protein-protein (P-P) interactions. These interactions are dynamic, in terms of the chemical composition of the complexes involved and in terms of their mere existence, which may be restricted to a given cell-cycle phase. In this review, the contributions of mass spectrometry (MS) to the deciphering of these intricate networked interactions are described along with the numerous applications in which it has proven useful. Such applications include, for example, the identification of the partners involved in NA-P or P-P complexes, the identification of post-translational modifications that (may) regulate such complexes' activities, or even the precise molecular mapping of the interaction sites in the NA-P complex. From a biological standpoint, we felt that it was worth the reader's time to be as informative as possible about the functional significance of the analytical methods reviewed herein. From a technical standpoint, because mass spectrometry without proper sample preparation would serve no purpose, each application described in this review is detailed by duly emphasizing the sample preparation-whenever this step is considered innovative-that led to significant analytical achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Rusconi
- UMR CNRS 8646, U INSERM 565, USM MNHN 0503-43, rue Cuvier, F-75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
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12
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Grandori R, Matecko I, Müller N. Uncoupled analysis of secondary and tertiary protein structure by circular dichroism and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2002; 37:191-196. [PMID: 11857763 DOI: 10.1002/jms.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) applied to protein conformational studies is a powerful new method that seems to provide specific information about protein tertiary structure. In this study, we analyzed the effect of trifluoroethanol (TFE) on a myoglobin peptide and cytochrome c (cyt c) at low pH by circular dichroism (CD) and ESI-MS. These experiments show that coil-to-helix transition per se does not affect ESI mass spectra, confirming that this technique is insensitive to the local conformation of the polypeptidic chain and, rather, reports on the tertiary contacts characterizing different protein conformations. This property makes ESI-MS an excellent method, complementary to CD, for the characterization of protein conformational changes. Fluorinated alcohols have been suggested to induce molten globule formation in acid-unfolded cyt c. The experiments described here show that TFE does not induce major changes in the ESI mass spectrum of cyt c at pH 2.2, indicating that no stabilization of compact, globular structures is detectable under the conditions employed. On the other hand, even low concentrations of TFE (2-5%) are shown to destabilize the folded state of the protein around the mid-point of its acid-induced unfolding transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Grandori
- Institute of Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria.
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13
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Gabelica V, Vreuls C, Filée P, Duval V, Joris B, Pauw ED. Advantages and drawbacks of nanospray for studying noncovalent protein-DNA complexes by mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2002; 16:1723-1728. [PMID: 12207359 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The noncovalent complexes between the BlaI protein dimer (wild-type and GM2 mutant) and its double-stranded DNA operator were studied by nanospray mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Reproducibility problems in the nanospray single-stage mass spectra are emphasized. The relative intensities depend greatly on the shape of the capillary tip and on the capillary-cone distance. This results in difficulties in assessing the relative stabilities of the complexes simply from MS(1) spectra of protein-DNA mixtures. Competition experiments using MS/MS are a better approach to determine relative binding affinities. A competition between histidine-tagged BlaIWT (BlaIWTHis) and the GM2 mutant revealed that the two proteins have similar affinities for the DNA operator, and that they co-dimerize to form heterocomplexes. The low sample consumption of nanospray allows MS/MS spectra to be recorded at different collision energies for different charge states with 1 microL of sample. The MS/MS experiments on the dimers reveal that the GM2 dimer is more kinetically stable in the gas phase than the wild-type dimer. The MS/MS experiments on the complexes shows that the two proteins require the same collision energy to dissociate from the complex. This indicates that the rate-limiting step in the monomer loss from the protein-DNA complex arises from the breaking of the protein-DNA interface rather than the protein-protein interface. The dissociation of the protein-DNA complex proceeds by the loss of a highly charged monomer (carrying about two-thirds of the total charge and one-third of the total mass). MS/MS experiments on a heterocomplex also show that the two proteins BlaIWTHis and BlaIGM2 have slightly different charge distributions in the fragments. This emphasizes the need for better understanding the dissociation mechanisms of biomolecular complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Gabelica
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse, Département de Chimie, Bat B6c, Université de Liège, Belgium.
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Beck JL, Colgrave ML, Ralph SF, Sheil MM. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of oligonucleotide complexes with drugs, metals, and proteins. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2001; 20:61-87. [PMID: 11455562 DOI: 10.1002/mas.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
I. Introduction 61 II. Binding of Small Molecules to DNA 62 A. Covalent Binding 62 B. Reversible (Noncovalent) DNA-Binding Agents 65 III. DNA-Metal Ion Complexes 67 A. Platinum Complexes 70 B. Other Metal Ions 73 IV. DNA-Protein Complexes 74 A. Introduction 74 B. ESI-MS of DNA-Protein Complexes 76 C. ESI-MS Analysis of Proteolytic Products of DNA-Protein Complexes 79 D. ESI-MS of Ternary DNA-Protein-Ligand Complexes 80 V. Conclusions 80 Abbreviations 81 References 81 --Interactions of DNA with drugs, metal ions, and proteins are important in a wide variety of biological processes. With the advent of electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI), mass spectrometry (MS) is now a well-established tool for the characterization of the primary structures of biopolymers. The gentle nature of the ESI process, however, means that ESI-MS is also finding application for the study of noncovalent and other fragile biomolecular complexes. We outline here the progress, to date, in the use of ESI-MS for the study of noncovalent drug-DNA and protein-DNA complexes together with strategies that can be employed to examine the binding of small molecules and metal complexes to DNA. In the case of covalent complexes with DNA, sequence information can be derived from ESI-MS used in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and/or enzymatic digestion. MS/MS can also be used to probe the relative binding affinities of drugs that bind to DNA via noncovalent interactions. Overall, the work in this area, to date has demonstrated that ESI-MS and MS/MS will prove to be valuable complements to other structural methods, offering advantages in terms of speed, specificity, and sensitivity. (c) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Beck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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Craig TA, Benson LM, Naylor S, Kumar R. Modulation effects of zinc on the formation of vitamin D receptor and retinoid X receptor alpha-DNA transcription complexes: analysis by microelectrospray mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2001; 15:1011-1016. [PMID: 11400211 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) binds zinc, and the activity of vitamin D dependent genes in cells is influenced by intracellular zinc concentrations. To determine whether zinc influences vitamin D action in cells by modulating the formation of VDR and retinoid x receptor alpha (RXR alpha) heterodimer-DNA complexes, we used microelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (microESI-MS) to assess receptor-DNA interactions in the presence of varying amounts of zinc. In the absence of DNA, VDR and RXR alpha proteins were primarily monomeric with small amounts of protein homodimers also observed. Zn(2+) (up to 300 microM) did not change VDR or RXR alpha monomer/homodimer ratios. Mass spectra of VDR combined with RXR alpha were a sum of individual protein spectral data. Zn(2+) had no effect on the interactions of receptors. With increasing amounts of Zn(2+), additional Zn(2+) ions were detected bound to VDR and RXR alpha. microESI-MS analyses of RXR alpha in the presence of an osteopontin vitamin D DNA response element (OP-VDRE) showed RXR alpha homodimer/OP-VDRE complexes. DNA-protein complex formation increased on addition of Zn(2+) up to 200 microM; at 300 microM, Zn(2+) dissociation of the RXR alpha homodimer/OP-VDRE complexes occurred, coincident with the appearance of RXR alpha monomeric protein. When microESI-MS analyses were carried out with VDR and OP-VDRE, VDR homodimer/OP-VDRE complexes were not detected. Addition of Zn(2+) did not result in VDR/OP-VDRE complex formation. Heterodimeric VDR/RXR alpha complexes with OP-VDRE were detected by microESI-MS. Addition of 300 microM Zn(2+) resulted in dissociation of the heterodimeric VDR/RXR alpha/OP-VDRE complex. Addition of Mg(2+) in place of Zn(2+) did not alter protein/OP-VDRE complexes. Our results show that zinc modulates steroid hormone receptor-DNA interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Craig
- Nephrology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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16
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2000; 35:1228-1236. [PMID: 11110096 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9888(200010)35:10<1228::aid-jms983>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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