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Waddington JL. Psychosis in Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism in antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia spectrum psychosis: clinical, nosological and pathobiological challenges. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:464-470. [PMID: 32139896 PMCID: PMC7470778 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the formulation of operational criteria for the diagnosis of psychosis in Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder, the past decade has seen increasing interest in such nonmotor psychopathology that appears to be independent of dopaminergic therapy. Similarly, there has been a resurgence of interest in motor aspects of the neurodevelopmental disorder of schizophrenia, including spontaneous parkinsonism that appears to be independent of antipsychotic treatment. This review first addresses the clinical and nosological challenges of these superficially paradoxical insights and then considers pathobiological challenges. It proposes that diverse modes of disturbance to one or more element(s) in a cortical-striatal-thalamocortical neuronal network, whether neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental, can result in movement disorder, psychosis or both. It then proposes that time- and site-dependent dysfunction in such a neuronal network may be a generic substrate for the emergence of psychosis not only in Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders but also in other neuropsychiatric disorders in which psychosis, and sometimes movement disorders, can be encountered; these include substance abuse, cerebrovascular disease, cerebral trauma, cerebral neoplasia, epilepsy, Huntington's disease, frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Waddington
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, 2, Ireland.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research & Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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2
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Luczkowiak J, Muñoz A, Sánchez-Navarro M, Ribeiro-Viana R, Ginieis A, Illescas BM, Martín N, Delgado R, Rojo J. Glycofullerenes Inhibit Viral Infection. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:431-7. [DOI: 10.1021/bm3016658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Luczkowiak
- Laboratorio de Microbiología
Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Muñoz
- Departamento de
Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Sánchez-Navarro
- Glycosystems
Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC − Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo
Vespucio 49, Seville 41092 Spain
| | - Renato Ribeiro-Viana
- Glycosystems
Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC − Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo
Vespucio 49, Seville 41092 Spain
| | - Anthony Ginieis
- Glycosystems
Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC − Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo
Vespucio 49, Seville 41092 Spain
| | - Beatriz M. Illescas
- Departamento de
Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de
Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanoscience, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Delgado
- Laboratorio de Microbiología
Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Rojo
- Glycosystems
Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC − Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo
Vespucio 49, Seville 41092 Spain
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3
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Janas T, Janas T. Membrane oligo- and polysialic acids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:2923-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Nierengarten JF, Iehl J, Oerthel V, Holler M, Illescas BM, Muñoz A, Martín N, Rojo J, Sánchez-Navarro M, Cecioni S, Vidal S, Buffet K, Durka M, Vincent SP. Fullerene sugar balls. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:3860-2. [PMID: 20414495 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00034e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fullerene hexakis-adducts bearing 12 peripheral carbohydrate moieties have been prepared by grafting sugar derivatives onto the fullerene core through the copper mediated Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azides and alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7509), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
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5
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Maggio B, Fanani ML, Rosetti CM, Wilke N. Biophysics of sphingolipids II. Glycosphingolipids: An assortment of multiple structural information transducers at the membrane surface. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2006; 1758:1922-44. [PMID: 16780791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2005] [Revised: 04/11/2006] [Accepted: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids are ubiquitous components of animal cell membranes. They are constituted by the basic structure of ceramide with its hydroxyl group linked to single carbohydrates or oligosaccharide chains of different complexity. The combination of the properties of their hydrocarbon moiety with those derived from the variety and complexity of their hydrophilic polar head groups confers to these lipids an extraordinary capacity for molecular-to-supramolecular transduction across the lateral/transverse planes in biomembranes and beyond. In our opinion, most of the advances made over the last decade on the biophysical behavior of glycosphingolipids can be organized into three related aspects of increasing structural complexity: (1) intrinsic codes: local molecular interactions of glycosphingolipids translated into structural self-organization. (2) Surface topography: projection of molecular shape and miscibility of glycosphingolipids into formation of coexisting membrane domains. (3) Beyond the membrane interface: glycosphingolipid as modulators of structural topology, bilayer recombination and surface biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Maggio
- Departamento de Química Biológica - CIQUIBIC, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
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6
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Su Y, Bakker T, Harris J, Tsang C, Brown GD, Wormald MR, Gordon S, Dwek RA, Rudd PM, Martinez-Pomares L. Glycosylation influences the lectin activities of the macrophage mannose receptor. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:32811-20. [PMID: 15983039 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m503457200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mannose receptor (MR) is a heavily glycosylated endocytic receptor that recognizes both mannosylated and sulfated ligands through its C-type lectin domains and cysteine-rich (CR) domain, respectively. Differential binding properties have been described for MR isolated from different sources, and we hypothesized that this could be due to altered glycosylation. Using MR transductants and purified MR, we demonstrate that glycosylation differentially affects both MR lectin activities. MR transductants generated in glycosylation mutant cell lines lacked most mannose internalization activity, but could internalize sulfated glycans. Accordingly, purified MR bearing truncated Man5-GlcNAc2 glycans (Man5 -MR) or non-sialylated complex glycans (SA0-MR) did not bind mannosylated glycans, but could recognize SO4-3-Gal in vitro. Additional studies showed that, although mannose recognition was largely independent of the oligomerization state of the protein, recognition of sulfated carbohydrates was mostly mediated by self-associated MR and that, in SA0-MR, there was a higher proportion of oligomeric MR. These results suggest that self-association could lead to multiple presentation of CR domains and enhanced avidity for sulfated sugars and that non-sialylated MR is predisposed to oligomerize. Therefore, the glycosylation of MR, terminal sialylation in particular, could influence its binding properties at two levels. (i) It is required for mannose recognition; and (ii) it modulates the tendency of MR to self-associate, effectively regulating the avidity of the CR domain for sulfated sugar ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Su
- Glycobiology Institute and the Biochemistry Department, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
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7
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Kuklev DV, Smith WL. Synthesis of four isomers of parinaric acid. Chem Phys Lipids 2005; 131:215-22. [PMID: 15351273 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2004.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2004] [Revised: 06/03/2004] [Accepted: 06/03/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple and reliable method for synthesizing four isomers of parinaric acid from alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in high yields is described. The methylene-interrupted, cis triene system (1,4,7-octatriene) of ALA and common to other naturally occurring polyunsaturated fatty acids was transformed to a conjugated tetraene system (1,3,5,7-octatetraene). The synthesis involves bromination of ALA using 0.l M Br(2) in a saturated solution of NaBr in methanol, esterification of the fatty acid dibromides, double dehydrobromination by 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene and saponification of the conjugated esters to a mixture of free conjugated acids. Addition of one molecule of bromine to the 12,13-double bond of ALA and subsequent dehydrobromination produces alpha-parinaric acid (9Z,11E,13E,15Z-octadecatetraenoic acid); addition of Br(2) to the 9,10-double bond or 15,16-double bond and then dehydrobromination and rearrangement yields 9E,11E,13E,15Z-octadecatetraenoic or 9E,11E,13E,15Z-octadecatetraenoic acids, respectively. The mixture of parinaric acid isomers is obtained in 65% yield, and the isomers can be purified by preparative HPLC; alternatively, the isomers can be converted by base catalyzed cis-trans isomerization (or by treatment with I(2)) to exclusively beta-parinaric acid (9E,11E,13E,15E-octadecatetraenoic acid). The various parinaric acid isomers were characterized by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, UV, GLC, HPLC and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Kuklev
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, 5416 Medical Science I, 1301 E, Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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8
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Maier O, Oberle V, Hoekstra D. Fluorescent lipid probes: some properties and applications (a review). Chem Phys Lipids 2002; 116:3-18. [PMID: 12093532 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-3084(02)00017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Odd as it may seem, experimental challenges in lipid research are often hampered by the simplicity of the lipid structure. Since, as in protein research, mutants or overexpression of lipids are not realistic, a considerable amount of lipid research relies on the use of tagged lipid analogues. However, given the size of an average lipid molecule, special care is needed for the selection of probes, since if the size and intramolecular localization of the probe is not specifically taken into account, it may dramatically affect the properties of the lipids. The latter is particularly important in cell biological studies of lipid trafficking and sorting, where the probed lipid should resemble its natural counterpart as closely as possible. On the other hand, for biophysical applications, these considerations may be less critical. Here we provide a brief overview of the application of several lipid probes in cell biological and biophysical research, and critically analyze their validity in the various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Maier
- Department of Membrane Cell Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Rojo J, Morales JC, Penadés S. Carbohydrate-Carbohydrate Interactions in Biological and Model Systems. HOST-GUEST CHEMISTRY 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-45010-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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10
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Masserini M, Palestini P, Pitto M. Glycolipid-enriched caveolae and caveolae-like domains in the nervous system. J Neurochem 1999; 73:1-11. [PMID: 10386949 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0730001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have been characterized by a booming interest in research on caveolae and caveolae-like membrane domains. The interest in this subject grew further, when their involvement in fundamental membrane-associated events, such as signal transmission and lipid/protein sorting, was postulated. Substantial progress has been reached in understanding the biological role of membrane domains in eukaryotic cells. The neuron, however, which perhaps represents one of the greatest challenges to research on membrane traffic and function, has only been partially investigated. The purpose of the present review is to survey this issue in the nervous system. We confine ourselves to the presence of membrane domains in the nervous system and discuss this in the context of three facts: first, glycolipids are peculiarly enriched in both caveolae and caveolae-like domains and are particularly abundant in the nervous system; second, the neuron is characterized by a basic dual polarity, similar in this respect to other polarized cells, where the role of glycolipid-enriched domains for lipid/protein sorting has been better ascertained; and third, neurons evolved from, and are related to, simpler eukaryotic cells, allowing us to find analogies with more investigated nonneuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Masserini
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Milano, Italy
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11
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Hakomori S, Handa K, Iwabuchi K, Yamamura S, Prinetti A. New insights in glycosphingolipid function: "glycosignaling domain," a cell surface assembly of glycosphingolipids with signal transducer molecules,involved in cell adhesion coupled with signaling. Glycobiology 1998; 8:xi-xix. [PMID: 9840984 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.glycob.a018822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Hakomori
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, WA 98122, USA
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12
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Koshy KM, Boggs JM. Investigation of the calcium-mediated association between the carbohydrate head groups of galactosylceramide and galactosylceramide I3 sulfate by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:3496-9. [PMID: 8631953 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.7.3496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium has been shown previously to cause aggregation of phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol liposomes containing galactosylceramide (GalCer) with similar liposomes containing cerebroside sulfate (galactosylceramide I3 sulfate) (CBS), suggesting that it mediates a carbohydrate-carbohydrate association between these two glycolipids. In order to determine if such an association occurs, the noncovalent complexes formed on addition of calcium chloride to GalCer and CBS in methanol were examined by positive and negative ion spray mass spectrometry. Monomeric Ca2+ complexes of both lipids were observed. In addition, Ca2+ also caused oligomerization of GalCer. Oligomerization of CBS anion was not seen, but dimers would not have been observed, as they would be neutral. However, Ca2+ caused heterotypic complexation of GalCer and CBS. Although these heterotypic complexes were of low abundance in methanol compared with the other monomeric and homotypic oligomeric positive ions formed at low declustering potentials, the heterotypic dimer [GalCer.CBS.Ca2+-H]+ had the greatest stability of all oligomers formed and was the only one to survive at high declustering potentials. Na+ did not cause oligomerization of GalCer in methanol indicating that the complexes of GalCer with Ca2+ are not caused by van der Waals interactions between the lipid moieties. GalCer and CBS are present in high concentrations in myelin. This Ca2+-mediated carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction, which can bridge apposing bilayers, may be involved in adhesion of the extracellular surfaces of the myelin sheath.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Koshy
- The Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
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Abstract
The physical concepts underlying the lateral distribution of the components forming a lamellar assembly of amphiphiles are discussed in this review. The role of amphiphiles' molecular structure and/or aqueous environment (ionic strength, water soluble substances) on formation and stability of lateral patterns is investigated. A considerable effort is devoted to the analysis of the properties of patterned structure which can be different from those of randomly mixed multi-component lamellae. Examples include adhesion and fusion among laterally inhomogeneous bilayers, enhanced interfacial adsorption of ions and polymers, enhanced transport across the bilayer, modified mechanical properties, local stabilization of non-planar geometries (pores, edges) and related phenomena (electroporation, budding transition and so on). Furthermore, an analysis of chemical reactivity within or at the water interface of a laterally inhomogeneous bilayer is briefly discussed. A link between these concepts and experimental findings taken from the biological literature is attempted throughout the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raudino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Italy
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Maggio B. The surface behavior of glycosphingolipids in biomembranes: a new frontier of molecular ecology. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1994; 62:55-117. [PMID: 8085016 DOI: 10.1016/0079-6107(94)90006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Maggio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0614
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