1
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He Y, Zhu L, Ma J, Lin G. Metabolism-mediated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1917-1942. [PMID: 34003343 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03060-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and PA N-oxides are common phytotoxins produced by over 6000 plant species. Humans are frequently exposed to PAs via ingestion of PA-containing herbal products or PA-contaminated foods. PAs require metabolic activation to form pyrrole-protein adducts and pyrrole-DNA adducts which lead to cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Individual PAs differ in their metabolic activation patterns, which may cause significant difference in toxic potency of different PAs. This review discusses the current knowledge and recent advances of metabolic pathways of different PAs, especially the metabolic activation and metabolism-mediated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, and the risk evaluation methods of PA exposure. In addition, this review provides perspectives of precision toxicity assessment strategies and biomarker development for the risk control and translational investigations of human intoxication by PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng He
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Jiang Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ge Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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2
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Rogers CM, Simmons Iii RH, Fluhler Thornburg GE, Buehler NJ, Bochman ML. Fanconi anemia-independent DNA inter-strand crosslink repair in eukaryotes. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 158:33-46. [PMID: 32877700 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA inter-strand crosslinks (ICLs) are dangerous lesions that can be caused by a variety of endogenous and exogenous bifunctional compounds. Because covalently linking both strands of the double helix locally disrupts DNA replication and transcription, failure to remove even a single ICL can be fatal to the cell. Thus, multiple ICL repair pathways have evolved, with the best studied being the canonical Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway. However, recent research demonstrates that different types of ICLs (e.g., backbone distorting vs. non-distorting) can be discriminated by the cell, which then mounts a specific repair response using the FA pathway or one of a variety of FA-independent ICL repair pathways. This review focuses on the latter, covering current work on the transcription-coupled, base excision, acetaldehyde-induced, and SNM1A/RecQ4 ICL repair pathways and highlighting unanswered questions in the field. Answering these questions will provide mechanistic insight into the various pathways of ICL repair and enable ICL-inducing agents to be more effectively used as chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody M Rogers
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, 212 S. Hawthorne Dr., Simon Hall MSB1 room 405B, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Robert H Simmons Iii
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, 212 S. Hawthorne Dr., Simon Hall MSB1 room 405B, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Gabriella E Fluhler Thornburg
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, 212 S. Hawthorne Dr., Simon Hall MSB1 room 405B, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Nicholas J Buehler
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, 212 S. Hawthorne Dr., Simon Hall MSB1 room 405B, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Matthew L Bochman
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, 212 S. Hawthorne Dr., Simon Hall MSB1 room 405B, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
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3
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Falcão AM, Meijer M, Scaglione A, Rinwa P, Agirre E, Liang J, Larsen SC, Heskol A, Frawley R, Klingener M, Varas-Godoy M, Raposo AASF, Ernfors P, Castro DS, Nielsen ML, Casaccia P, Castelo-Branco G. PAD2-Mediated Citrullination Contributes to Efficient Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Myelination. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1090-1102.e10. [PMID: 31018126 PMCID: PMC6486480 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrullination, the deimination of peptidylarginine residues into peptidylcitrulline, has been implicated in the etiology of several diseases. In multiple sclerosis, citrullination is thought to be a major driver of pathology through hypercitrullination and destabilization of myelin. As such, inhibition of citrullination has been suggested as a therapeutic strategy for MS. Here, in contrast, we show that citrullination by peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) contributes to normal oligodendrocyte differentiation, myelination, and motor function. We identify several targets for PAD2, including myelin and chromatin-related proteins, implicating PAD2 in epigenomic regulation. Accordingly, we observe that PAD2 inhibition and its knockdown affect chromatin accessibility and prevent the upregulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation genes. Moreover, mice lacking PAD2 display motor dysfunction and a decreased number of myelinated axons in the corpus callosum. We conclude that citrullination contributes to proper oligodendrocyte lineage progression and myelination. PAD2 is increased upon OL differentiation OL differentiation is facilitated by PAD2-mediated chromatin remodeling in myelin genes PAD2 contributes to efficient myelination and motor and cognitive functions Nuclear and myelin proteins interact and are citrullinated by PAD2
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mendanha Falcão
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mandy Meijer
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonella Scaglione
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Puneet Rinwa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eneritz Agirre
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jialiang Liang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029
| | - Sara C Larsen
- Department of Proteomics, the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abeer Heskol
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rebecca Frawley
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Klingener
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Cancer Cell Biology Lab, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7510157, Chile
| | | | - Patrik Ernfors
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diogo S Castro
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Michael L Nielsen
- Department of Proteomics, the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Neuroscience Initiative at the Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gonçalo Castelo-Branco
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm Node, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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4
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Rabasa-Alcañiz F, Sánchez-Roselló M, Fustero S, Del Pozo C. Tandem Organocatalytic Cycloaromatization/Intramolecular Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Sequence for the Synthesis of Indolizinones and Pyrrolo-azepinone Derivatives. J Org Chem 2019; 84:10785-10795. [PMID: 31329441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The organocatalytic synthesis of indolizinones and pyrrolo-azepinones has been accomplished in a tandem fashion through a sequence that comprises initial cycloaromatization followed by intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation. The process takes place under Brønsted acid catalysis, giving rise to final products in moderate to good yields. Attempts to carry out the tandem protocol in an enantioselective fashion were performed with chiral (R)-BINOL-derived N-triflyl phosphoramides. After initial optimization, the tandem process took place with moderate levels of enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Sánchez-Roselló
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidad de Valencia , 46100 Burjassot , Spain
| | - Santos Fustero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidad de Valencia , 46100 Burjassot , Spain.,Laboratorio de Moléculas Orgánicas , Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe , 46012 Valencia , Spain
| | - Carlos Del Pozo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidad de Valencia , 46100 Burjassot , Spain
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5
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Lorton C, Voituriez A. Synthesis and Applications of 9H
-Pyrrolo[1,2-a
]indole and 9H
-Pyrrolo[1,2-a
]indol-9-one Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lorton
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR 2301; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Arnaud Voituriez
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles; CNRS UPR 2301; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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6
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Samudyata, Amaral PP, Engström PG, Robson SC, Nielsen ML, Kouzarides T, Castelo-Branco G. Interaction of Sox2 with RNA binding proteins in mouse embryonic stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2019; 381:129-138. [PMID: 31077711 PMCID: PMC6994247 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sox2 is a master transcriptional regulator of embryonic development. In this study, we determined the protein interactome of Sox2 in the chromatin and nucleoplasm of mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells. Apart from canonical interactions with pluripotency-regulating transcription factors, we identified interactions with several chromatin modulators, including members of the heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) family, suggesting a role for Sox2 in chromatin-mediated transcriptional repression. Sox2 was also found to interact with RNA binding proteins (RBPs), including proteins involved in RNA processing. RNA immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing revealed that Sox2 associates with different messenger RNAs, as well as small nucleolar RNA Snord34 and the non-coding RNA 7SK. 7SK has been shown to regulate transcription at gene regulatory regions, which could suggest a functional interaction with Sox2 for chromatin recruitment. Nevertheless, we found no evidence of Sox2 modulating recruitment of 7SK to chromatin when examining 7SK chromatin occupancy by Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification (ChIRP) in Sox2 depleted mES cells. In addition, knockdown of 7SK in mES cells did not lead to any change in Sox2 occupancy at 7SK-regulated genes. Thus, our results show that Sox2 extensively interacts with RBPs, and suggest that Sox2 and 7SK co-exist in a ribonucleoprotein complex whose function is not to regulate chromatin recruitment, but could rather regulate other processes in the nucleoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samudyata
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulo P Amaral
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pär G Engström
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samuel C Robson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tony Kouzarides
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gonçalo Castelo-Branco
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm Node, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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7
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Mátravölgyi B, Hergert T, Bálint E, Bagi P, Faigl F. Access to Fluorazones by Intramolecular Dehydrative Cyclization of Aromatic Tertiary Amides: A Synthetic and Mechanistic Study. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2282-2292. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Béla Mátravölgyi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 8, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Hergert
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 8, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Bálint
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 8, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Bagi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 8, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Faigl
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 8, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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8
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Liao F, Shi R, Sha Y, Xia J, Liao W, Lei A. Pd/Cu-catalyzed dual C–H bond carbonylation towards the synthesis of fluorazones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:4354-4357. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01707c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pd catalyzed oxidative dual C–H bond activation/carbonylation still remains a great challenge due to the generation of by-products via C–C bond formation. Herein, we developed a straightforward Pd/Cu-catalyzed oxidative dual C–H bond carbonylation process to access biologically and pharmaceutically important fluorazones from easily available N-aryl pyrroles and CO utilizing O2 as the terminal oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liao
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Renyi Shi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Sha
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Xia
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Weilin Liao
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang 330022
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
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9
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Belal A, El-Gendy BEDM. Pyrrolizines: Promising scaffolds for anticancer drugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Bianchi L, Maccagno M, Petrillo G, Scapolla C, Tavani C, Tirocco A. Ring-Opening/Ring-Closing Protocols from Nitrothiophenes: Easy Access toN-Fused Pyrroles through a Tandem 1,6-H Shift/6π-Electrocyclization. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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11
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Jiang X, Tan B, Barbas CF. Core-structure-motivated design of iminium-enolate organocascade reactions: enantioselective syntheses of 5,6-dihydroindolizines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9261-5. [PMID: 23843168 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianxing Jiang
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and the Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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12
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Jiang X, Tan B, Barbas CF. Core‐Structure‐Motivated Design of Iminium–Enolate Organocascade Reactions: Enantioselective Syntheses of 5,6‐Dihydroindolizines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianxing Jiang
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and the Departments of Chemistry and Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Bin Tan
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and the Departments of Chemistry and Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Carlos F. Barbas
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and the Departments of Chemistry and Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
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13
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Karami B, Khodabakhshi S, Jamshidi M. Green and Rapid Strategy for Synthesis of Novel and Known Pyrroles by the Use of Molybdate Sulfuric Acid. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Chiral 6,7-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1H,3H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]thiazoles with anti-breast cancer properties. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 60:254-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Basu S, Kandiyal PS, Ampapathi RS, Chakraborty TK. Ti(iii)-mediated radical cyclization of epoxy-β-aminoacrylate in the synthesis of the substituted pyrrolidine core of necine bases: synthesis of 2-epi-rosmarinecine. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42315h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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16
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Chaniyara R, Kapuriya N, Dong H, Lee PC, Suman S, Marvania B, Chou TC, Lee TC, Kakadiya R, Shah A, Su TL. Novel bifunctional alkylating agents, 5,10-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-b]isoquinoline derivatives, synthesis and biological activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:275-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Yi-Song X, Yan-Guang W. Synthesis of Substituted Pyrroles via Ultrasound Assisted Three-component Coupling Reaction of Amines, α, β-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Nitroalkanes. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.20030210517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are common constituents of many plant species around the world. PA-containing plants are probably the most common poisonous plants affecting livestock and wildlife. They can inflict harm to humans through contaminated food sources, herbal medicines and dietary supplements. Half of the identified PAs are genotoxic and many of them are tumorigenic. The mutagenicity of PAs has been extensively studied in different biological systems. Upon metabolic activation, PAs produce DNA adducts, DNA cross-linking, DNA breaks, sister chromatid exchange, micronuclei, chromosomal aberrations, gene mutations and chromosome mutations in vivo and in vitro. PAs induced mutations in the cII gene of rat liver and in the p53 and K-ras genes of mouse liver tumors. It has been suggested that all PAs produce a set of (+/-)-6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine-derived DNA adducts and similar types of gene mutations. The signature types of mutations are G : C --> T : A transversion and tandem base substitutions. Overall, PAs are mutagenic in vivo and in vitro and their mutagenicity appears to be responsible for the carcinogenesis of PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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19
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Yuan SZ, Liu J, Xu L. A convenient synthesis of pyrroles catalyzed by acidic resin under solvent-free condition. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2010.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Wadugu BA, Ng C, Bartley BL, Rowe RJ, Millard JT. DNA interstrand cross-linking activity of (1-Chloroethenyl)oxirane, a metabolite of beta-chloroprene. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:235-9. [PMID: 20030381 DOI: 10.1021/tx9003769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
With the goal of elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms of chloroprene toxicity, we examined the potential DNA cross-linking of the bifunctional chloroprene metabolite, (1-chloroethenyl)oxirane (CEO). We used denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to monitor the possible formation of interstrand cross-links by CEO within synthetic DNA duplexes. Our data suggest interstrand cross-linking at deoxyguanosine residues within 5'-GC and 5'-GGC sites, with the rate of cross-linking depending on pH (pH 5.0 > pH 6.0 > pH 7.0). A comparison of the cross-linking efficiencies of CEO and the structurally similar cross-linkers diepoxybutane (DEB) and epichlorohydrin (ECH) revealed that DEB > CEO > or = ECH. Furthermore, we found that cytotoxicity correlates with cross-linking efficiency, supporting a role for interstrand cross-links in the genotoxicology of chloroprene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Wadugu
- Department of Chemistry, Colby College, Waterville, Maine 04901, USA
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21
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Muniandy PA, Liu J, Majumdar A, Liu ST, Seidman MM. DNA interstrand crosslink repair in mammalian cells: step by step. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 45:23-49. [PMID: 20039786 PMCID: PMC2824768 DOI: 10.3109/10409230903501819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interstrand DNA crosslinks (ICLs) are formed by natural products of metabolism and by chemotherapeutic reagents. Work in E. coli identified a two cycle repair scheme involving incisions on one strand on either side of the ICL (unhooking) producing a gapped intermediate with the incised oligonucleotide attached to the intact strand. The gap is filled by recombinational repair or lesion bypass synthesis. The remaining monoadduct is then removed by nucleotide excision repair (NER). Despite considerable effort, our understanding of each step in mammalian cells is still quite limited. In part this reflects the variety of crosslinking compounds, each with distinct structural features, used by different investigators. Also, multiple repair pathways are involved, variably operative during the cell cycle. G(1) phase repair requires functions from NER, although the mechanism of recognition has not been determined. Repair can be initiated by encounters with the transcriptional apparatus, or a replication fork. In the case of the latter, the reconstruction of a replication fork, stalled or broken by collision with an ICL, adds to the complexity of the repair process. The enzymology of unhooking, the identity of the lesion bypass polymerases required to fill the first repair gap, and the functions involved in the second repair cycle are all subjects of active inquiry. Here we will review current understanding of each step in ICL repair in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parameswary A Muniandy
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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22
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Yuan S, Li Z, Xu L. A simple synthesis of pyrroles catalyzed by acidic resin under solvent-free condition. J Heterocycl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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23
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Kakadiya R, Dong H, Lee PC, Kapuriya N, Zhang X, Chou TC, Lee TC, Kapuriya K, Shah A, Su TL. Potent antitumor bifunctional DNA alkylating agents, synthesis and biological activities of 3a-aza-cyclopenta[a]indenes. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:5614-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Aponick A, Dietz AL, Pearson WH. 2-(3-Pyrrolin-1-yl)-1,4-naphthoquinones: Photoactivated Alkylating Agents. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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25
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Antsypovitch SI, Oretskaya TS. Double-helical nucleic acids with cross-linked strands: synthesis and applications in molecular biology. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1998v067n03abeh000345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Romano KP, Newman AG, Zahran RW, Millard JT. DNA interstrand cross-linking by epichlorohydrin. Chem Res Toxicol 2007; 20:832-8. [PMID: 17441735 PMCID: PMC2727797 DOI: 10.1021/tx700066h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epichlorohydrin (ECH), an important industrial chemical, is a bifunctional alkylating agent with the potential to form DNA cross-links. Occupational exposure to this suspect carcinogen leads to chromosomal aberrations, and ECH has been shown previously to undergo reaction with DNA in vivo and in vitro. We used denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to monitor the possible formation of interstrand cross-links within DNA oligomers by ECH and the related compound, epibromohydrin (EBH). Although both compounds did indeed form cross-links between deoxyguanosine residues, EBH was a more efficient cross-linker than ECH. The optimal pH for cross-linking also varied, with ECH more efficient at pH 5.0 and EBH more efficient at pH 7.0. Both agents were relatively flexible in the sequences targeted, with comparable efficiencies for 5'-GGC and 5'GC sites. Furthermore, interstrand cross-linking by the two optical isomers of ECH correlated with their relative cytotoxicities, with R-ECH about twice as potent as S-ECH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith P Romano
- Department of Chemistry, Colby College, Waterville Maine 04901, USA
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27
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Wang Y, Wang Y. Structure elucidation of DNA interstrand cross-link by a combination of nuclease P1 digestion with mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2004; 75:6306-13. [PMID: 14616015 DOI: 10.1021/ac034683n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA interstrand cross-link reagents are among the most powerful agents for cancer treatment. Here we report a combined nuclease P1 digestion/mass spectrometry method for the structure elucidation of duplex oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing an interstrand cross-link. Our results demonstrate that nuclease P1 digestion of a double-stranded ODN containing an interstrand cross-link (ICL) of 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen or mitomycin C gives a tetranucleotide bearing the cross-linked nucleobase moiety. Product ion spectra of the deprotonated ions of the tetranucleotides provide information about the structure of the cross-link. Furthermore, product-ion spectra of tetranucleotides containing two orientation isomers of mitomycin C interstrand cross-link are distinctive. We believe that the method described in this paper can be generally applicable for investigating the structures of other DNA ICLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuesong Wang
- Department of Chemistry-027, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521-0403, USA
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Ortiz R, Medina H, Rodríguez L, González-Márquez H, Cortés E. Spontaneous and mitomycin C-induced micronuclei in peripheral blood reticulocytes from severely malnourished rats. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2004; 43:179-185. [PMID: 15065205 DOI: 10.1002/em.20009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Severe malnutrition caused by deficiencies in protein, calorie, and micronutrient intake is widely distributed throughout the world and is a particular problem in developing countries. Animal models have been useful for studying the effects of malnutrition under different experimental conditions. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of malnutrition on the frequency of spontaneous and mitomycin C (MMC)-induced micronuclei in the peripheral blood of rats measured using a flow cytometric analysis technique. Neonatal rats were experimentally malnourished during lactation and assayed at weaning (21 days of age). The malnourished rats weighed 49.2% less than well-nourished controls and had lower concentrations of serum protein, triglycerides, and cholesterol. In rats not treated with MMC, the frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes (MN-RETs) was 1.6 times greater in malnourished rats than in well-nourished rats (0.48% +/- 0.16% vs. 0.31% +/- 0.09%). The mean MN-RET frequency measured 32 hr after treatment with single i.p. doses of 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0 mg/kg of MMC was 0.60 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.84 +/- 0.14, 1.21 +/- 0.52 vs. 2.36 +/- 0.47, and 2.50 +/- 0.06 vs. 4.64 +/- 1.14 for well-nourished vs. malnourished rats, respectively. Statistical comparisons indicate significant differences between the two groups of rats at all doses tested. Malnourishment and MMC treatment had no significant effects on the frequencies of RETs or micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes. The data indicate that protein-calorie malnutrition during lactation is associated with increased frequencies of MN-RETs, which are indicative of chromosome damage. These findings suggest that malnutrition could result in greater susceptibility to environmental damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Ortiz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México DF, México.
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Niedernhofer LJ, Daniels JS, Rouzer CA, Greene RE, Marnett LJ. Malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation, is mutagenic in human cells. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:31426-33. [PMID: 12775726 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m212549200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Malondialdehyde (MDA) is an endogenous genotoxic product of enzymatic and oxygen radical-induced lipid peroxidation whose adducts are known to exist in DNA isolated from healthy human beings. To evaluate the mutagenic potential of MDA in human cells, we reacted MDA with pSP189 shuttle vector DNA and then transfected them into human fibroblasts for replication. MDA induced up to a 15-fold increase in mutation frequency in the supF reporter gene compared with untreated DNA. Sequence analysis revealed that the majority of MDA-induced mutations occurred at GC base pairs. The most frequent mutations were large insertions and deletions, but base pair substitutions were also detected. MDA-induced mutations were completely abolished when the adducted shuttle vector was replicated in cells lacking nucleotide excision repair. MDA induction of large deletions and the apparent requirement for nucleotide excision repair suggested the possible involvement of a DNA interstrand cross-link as a premutagenic lesion. Indeed, MDA formed interstrand cross-links in duplex plasmids and oligonucleotides. Substrates containing the sequence 5'-d(CG) were preferentially cross-linked, consistent with the observation of base pair substitutions in 5'-d(CG) sites in the MDA-induced mutation spectrum. These experiments provide biological and biochemical evidence for the existence of MDA-induced DNA interstrand cross-links that could result from endogenous oxidative stress and likely have potent biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Niedernhofer
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Coulombe
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4620, USA
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31
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Kozekov ID, Nechev LV, Moseley MS, Harris CM, Rizzo CJ, Stone MP, Harris TM. DNA interchain cross-links formed by acrolein and crotonaldehyde. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:50-61. [PMID: 12515506 DOI: 10.1021/ja020778f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acrolein and higher alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes are bifunctional genotoxins. The deoxyguanosine adduct of acrolein, 3-(2-deoxy-beta-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-hydroxypyrimido[1,2-a]purin-10(3H)-one (8-hydroxy-1,N(2)-propanodeoxyguanosine, 2a), is a major DNA adduct formed by acrolein. The potential for oligodeoxynucleotide duplexes containing 2a to form interchain cross-links was evaluated by HPLC, CZE, MALDI-TOF, and melting phenomena. Interchain cross-links represent one of the most serious types of damage in DNA since they are absolute blocks to replication. In oligodeoxynucleotides containing the sequence 5'-dC-2a, cross-linking occurred in a slow, reversible manner to the extent of approximately 50%. Enzymatic digestion to form 3-(2-deoxy-beta-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-(N(2)-2'-deoxyguanosinyl)pyrimido[1,2-a]purin-10(3H)one (5a) and reduction with NaCNBH(3) followed by enzymatic digestion to give 1,3-bis(2'-deoxyguanosin-N(2)-yl)propane (6a) established that cross-linking had occurred with the exocyclic amino group of deoxyguanosine. It is concluded that the cross-link is a mixture of imine and carbinolamine structures. With oligodeoxynucleotide duplexes containing the sequence 5'-2a-dC, cross-links were not detected by the techniques enumerated above. In addition, (15)N-(1)H HSQC and HSQC-filtered NOESY spectra carried out with a duplex having (15)N-labeling of the target amino group established unambiguously that a carbinolamine cross-link was not formed. The potential for interchain cross-link formation by the analogous crotonaldehyde adduct (2b) was evaluated in a 5'-dC-2b sequence. Cross-link formation was strongly dependent on the configuration of the methyl group at C6 of 2b. The 6R diastereomer of 2b formed a cross-link to the extent of 38%, whereas the 6S diastereomer cross-linked only 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan D Kozekov
- Department of Chemistry and Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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32
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Synthesis of 1 H -2,3-dihydropyrrolizine derivatives as precursors of bifunctional alkylating agents. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)01419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Joguchi A, Otsuka I, Minagawa S, Suzuki T, Fujii M, Ayusawa D. Overexpression of VDUP1 mRNA sensitizes HeLa cells to paraquat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 293:293-7. [PMID: 12054598 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
5-Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) induces or suppresses senescence-associated genes in any types of mammalian cells. From a cDNA library upregulated by BrdU in HeLa cells, we identified the gene encoding VDUP1 as a senescence-associated gene in normal human fibroblasts. To address a role of VDUP1 in senescence, we established HeLa cell clones, V7 and V27, which express its mRNA in a doxycycline-dependent manner. Although their growth in liquid culture was moderately retarded, colony formation on semi-solid medium was strongly inhibited by overexpression of the mRNA. We also examined susceptibility of these clones to various reagents. Consequently, colony formation in liquid culture was strongly inhibited by paraquat in these clones. Their superoxide dismutase activity was normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiro Joguchi
- Division of Biochemistry, Kihara Institute for Biological Research and Graduate School of Integrated Sciences, Yokohama City University, Maioka-cho 641-12, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 244-0813, Japan
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34
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DNA interstrand cross-link formation by reductive activation of dehydropyrrolizidine progenitors. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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35
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Na Y, Li VS, Nakanishi Y, Bastow KF, Kohn H. Synthesis, DNA cross-linking activity, and cytotoxicity of dimeric mitomycins. J Med Chem 2001; 44:3453-62. [PMID: 11585450 DOI: 10.1021/jm010090y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dimeric DNA cross-linking compounds have emerged as important new antitumor agents. We report the synthesis and biochemical evaluation of a select set of dimeric mitomycins in which the two mitomycin units are tethered at either the mitomycin C(7) amino or the aziridine N(1a) positions. Significantly, mitomycin C (1) itself is the prototypical bioreductive DNA cross-linking agent. DNA cross-linking experiments using a denaturing-gel-electrophoresis-based assay showed that the extent of DNA cross-linking for select dimeric mitomycins can exceed that of the parent compound, mitomycin C, and that the reaction proceeds, in part, at the two distal C(1) sites in the mitomycins. The efficiency of DNA cross-linking depended on the nature of the linker and the position of linker unit's attachment. When we compared the efficiency of DNA cross-linking for the dimeric mitomycins with their in vitro cytotoxicities in cultured human tumor cells, we observed a poor correlation. The mitomycins that gave the highest levels of DNA cross-linked adducts displayed the weakest cytotoxicities. These findings determined that the denaturing-gel-electrophoresis-based assay was a poor predictor of cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Na
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641, USA
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36
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Li VS, Tang MS, Kohn H. The effect of C(5) cytosine methylation at CpG sequences on mitomycin-DNA bonding profiles. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:863-73. [PMID: 11354669 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have documented that cytosine C(5) methylation of CpG sequences enhances mitomycin C (1) adduction. The reports differ on the extent and uniformity of 1 modification at the nucleotide level. We have determined the bonding profiles for mitomycin monoalkylation in two DNA restriction fragments where the CpG sequences were methylated. Three mitomycin substrates were used and two different enzymatic assays employed to monitor the extent of drug modification at the individual base sites. Drug DNA modification was accomplished with I and 10-decarbamoylmitomycin C (2) under reductive (Na2S2O4) condilions and with N-methyl-7-methoxyaziridinomitosene (3) under nonreductive conditions. The UvrABC incision assay permitted us to quantitate the sites of drug adduction, and the lambda-exonuclease stop assay provided a qualitative estimation of drug-DNA modification consistent with the UvrABC data. We learned that C(5) cytosine methylation (m5C) enhanced the extent of overall DNA modification. Using the UvrABC endonuclease assay, we found that modification by 1 increased 2.0 and 7.4 times for the two DNA restriction fragments. Analysis of the modification sites at the nucleotide sequence level revealed that guanine (G) was the only base modified and that the overall increased level of DNA adduction was due to enhanced modification of select m5CpG* (G* = mitomycin (mitosene) adduction sites) loci compared with CpG* sites: the largest differences reached two orders of magnitude. Significantly, not all CpG* sites underwent increased drug adduction upon C(5) cytosine methylation. The effect of C(5) cytosine methylation on the drug adduction profiles was less pronounced for G* sites located within dinucleotide sequences other than CpG*. We observed that DNA methylation often led to slightly diminished adduction levels at these sites. The different m5CpG* adduction patterns provided distinctive sequence-selective bonding profiles for 1-3. We have attributed the large differences in guanine reactivity to DNA structural factors created, in part, by C(5) cytosine methylation. The significance of these findings in cancer chemotherapy is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, TX 77204-5641, USA
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37
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Keck MV, Manderville RA, Hecht SM. Chemical and structural characterization of the interaction of bleomycin A2 with d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2. efficient, double-strand DNA cleavage accessible without structural reorganization. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:8690-700. [PMID: 11535073 DOI: 10.1021/ja003795i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A detailed description of the interaction between Fe(II).bleomycin A2 and the Dickerson-Drew dodecamer d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2 is presented. The reaction between bleomycin and this substrate leads to DNA cleavage at two major sites, adenosine5 and cytidine11, and two minor sites, cytidine3 and thymidine8. The pattern and relative intensities of cleavage at these sites was not entirely consistent with what would be predicted based on the preference of the drug for cleavage at the pyrimidines of 5'-GC-3' and 5'-GT-3' sites. Insight into the origins of the apparent alteration of selectivity was provided by examination of the structure of the duplex which had been determined by X-ray crystallography. This indicated that the C4' hydrogens of the two nucleotides located at the strongest cleavage sites, C11 on one strand and A5 on the other, were oriented toward each other in the minor groove. Two-dimensional NMR measurements and molecular dynamics modeling indicated that a metalloBLM could bind to the duplex in an orientation that positioned the metal center roughly equally close to each of these hydrogen atoms. On the basis of this observation, it was proposed that these two residues represented a double-stranded BLM cleavage site. This hypothesis was tested through the study of the BLM-mediated cleavage of the related decamer duplex, d(CGCGAATTCG).d(CGAATTCGCG), as well as the hairpin sequence d(CGCGAATTCGIIIITTTTCCCCCGAATTCGCG). By the use of the hairpin oligonucleotide 32P-labeled alternately at the 5' and 3'-ends, unequivocal evidence was obtained for BLM-mediated double-strand cleavage. Quantitative analysis of the proportion of damage involving double-strand cleavage was effected by the use of the hairpin substrate; for damage initiated at the predominant cleavage site (cytidine31, analogous to cytidine11 in the dodecanucleotide), it is estimated that 43% of all damage leads to double-stranded lesions. The exceptional efficiency of double-strand cleavage observed in this system must reflect the spatial proximity and orientation of the two sugar H's whose abstraction is required to produce double-stranded lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Keck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
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Tepe J, Williams R. Reduktive Aktivierung eines Hydroxylamin-Hemiacetal-Derivats von Dehydromonocrotalin: das erste reduktiv aktivierbare Pyrrolizidinalkaloid, das DNA-Stränge quervernetzen kann. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19991203)111:23<3711::aid-ange3711>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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41
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Kim HY, Stermitz FR, Li JK, Coulombe RA. Comparative DNA cross-linking by activated pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Food Chem Toxicol 1999; 37:619-25. [PMID: 10478830 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(99)00025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity and bioactivity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), common constituents of hundreds of plant species, and in herbal remedies and folk medicines prepared thereof, are probably due to their ability to form DNA cross-linking. We investigated DNA cross-linking activity by chemically-activated PAs from four different structural classes in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells and in pBR322 DNA. In cell culture, alpha,beta-unsaturated macrocyclic diester pyrroles dehydrosenecionine (DHSN), dehydroriddelliine (DHRD) and the saturated macrocyclic diester pyrrole dehydromonocrotaline (DHMO) were significantly more potent cross-linkers than the simple necine base (retronecine) and an N-oxide (indicine N-oxide; INO) as determined by alkaline elution. The proportion of total DNA cross-links that were proteinase K-resistant (DNA-DNA cross-links) induced by the various pyrroles ranged from 0.08 (DHRN) to 0.67 (DHSN). Those pyrroles that were potent cross-linkers of cellular DNA also cross-linked, in a dose-dependent manner, Bam HI-digested pBR322 DNA as assessed by a gel retardation assay. The possible functional relevance of pyrrole-DNA cross-links was determined by their ability to interrupt PCR amplification of a 1.129 kb segment of pBR322. Dehydrosenecionine completely inhibited amplification, while DHMO was of intermediate potency, while DHRN and INO had no effect. Taken together, these studies suggest that structural features, most notably the presence of a macrocyclic diester, confer potent cross-link activity to PAs. In any event, DNA-DNA cross-linking is probably biologically relevant as indicated by their interference with DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Kim
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan 84322-4620, USA
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42
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Tepe JJ, Williams RM. DNA Cross-Linking by a Phototriggered Dehydromonocrotaline Progenitor. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja983894k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jetze J. Tepe
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Robert M. Williams
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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43
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R. Rajski
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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45
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Pereira TN, Webb RI, Reilly PE, Seawright AA, Prakash AS. Dehydromonocrotaline generates sequence-selective N-7 guanine alkylation and heat and alkali stable multiple fragment DNA crosslinks. Nucleic Acids Res 1998; 26:5441-7. [PMID: 9826770 PMCID: PMC147994 DOI: 10.1093/nar/26.23.5441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocrotaline is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid known to cause toxicity in humans and animals. Its mechanism of biological action is still unclear although DNA crosslinking has been suggested to a play a role in its activity. In this study we found that an active metabolite of monocrotaline, dehydromonocrotaline (DHM), alkylates guanines at the N7 position of DNA with a preference for 5'-GG and 5'-GA sequences. In addition, it generates piperidine- and heat-resistant multiple DNA crosslinks, as confirmed by electrophoresis and electron microscopy. On the basis of these findings, we propose that DHM undergoes rapid polymerization to a structure which is able to crosslink several fragments of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Pereira
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
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46
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Rajski SR, Rollins SB, Williams RM. FR-66979 Covalently Cross-Links the Binding Domain of the High-Mobility Group I/Y Proteins to DNA. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja973568p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott R. Rajski
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Samuel B. Rollins
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Robert M. Williams
- Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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47
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Katritzky AR, Fali CN, Li J. General and Efficient Approaches to Fused [1,2-a]Pyrroles and [1,2-a]Indoles. J Org Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jo9623191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan R. Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
| | - Clara N. Fali
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
| | - Jianqing Li
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200
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Fagan PA, Spielmann HP, Sigurdsson S, Rink SM, Hopkins PB, Wemmer DE. An NMR study of [d(CGCGAATTCGCG)]2 containing an interstrand cross-link derived from a distamycin-pyrrole conjugate. Nucleic Acids Res 1996; 24:1566-73. [PMID: 8628693 PMCID: PMC145811 DOI: 10.1093/nar/24.8.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Minor groove binding compounds related to distamycin A bind DNA with high sequence selectivity, recognizing sites which contain various combinations of A.T and G.C base pairs. These molecules have the potential to deliver cross-linking agents to the minor groove of a target DNA sequence. We have studied the covalent DNA-DNA cross-linked complex of 2,3- bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrole-distamycin and [d(CGCGAATTCGCG)]2. The alkylating pyrrole design is based on the pharmacophore of mitomycin C and is similar in substructure to another important class of natural products, the oxidatively activated pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Ligand-DNA NOEs confirm that the tri(pyrrole-carboxamide) unit of the ligand is bound in the minor groove of the central A+T tract. Unexpectedly, it is shifted by 1 bp with respect to the distamycin A binding site on this DNA sequence. The cross-link bridges the 2-amino position of two guanine residues, G4 and G22. The C3.G22 and G4.C21 base pairs exhibit Watson-Crick base pairing, with some local distortion, as evidenced by unusual intensities observed for DNA-DNA NOE cross-peaks. The model is compared with a related structure of a cross-linked mitomycin C:DNA complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Fagan
- Structural Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Li VS, Choi D, Wang Z, Jimenez LS, Tang MS, Kohn H. Role of the C-10 Substituent in Mitomycin C-1−DNA Bonding. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja953871v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ven-Shun Li
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641, Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855-0939, and Science Park-Research Division, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas System, Smithville, Texas 78957
| | - Daeock Choi
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641, Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855-0939, and Science Park-Research Division, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas System, Smithville, Texas 78957
| | - Zheng Wang
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641, Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855-0939, and Science Park-Research Division, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas System, Smithville, Texas 78957
| | - Leslie S. Jimenez
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641, Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855-0939, and Science Park-Research Division, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas System, Smithville, Texas 78957
| | - Moon-shong Tang
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641, Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855-0939, and Science Park-Research Division, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas System, Smithville, Texas 78957
| | - Harold Kohn
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5641, Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855-0939, and Science Park-Research Division, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas System, Smithville, Texas 78957
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Hopkins PB. DNA sequence selectivity of the pyrrole-derived, bifunctional alkylating agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s1067-568x(96)80011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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