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Brazeau-Henrie JT, Paquette AR, O'Rourke AQ, Darnowski MG, Boddy CN. Total and Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Seongsanamide E. Org Lett 2022; 24:6369-6373. [PMID: 36006794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The total and chemoenzymatic synthesis of the depsipeptide natural product seongsanamide E, 3, is described. The synthetic C-terminal N-acetylcysteamine thioester of linear natural product 1 was macrolactonized by the excised recombinant purified seongsanamide thioesterase (Sgd-TE) domain, generating 3. Sgd-TE also effects the ring opening of 3. Chemical synthesis provided 3 through a macrolactamization strategy. This work confirms the biosynthesis of 3 and demonstrates the power of Sgd-TE as a biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T Brazeau-Henrie
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - André R Paquette
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Allison Q O'Rourke
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Michael G Darnowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Christopher N Boddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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2
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Masoudi Y, van Rensburg W, Barnard-Jenkins B, Rautenbach M. The Influence of Cellulose-Type Formulants on Anti- Candida Activity of the Tyrocidines. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050597. [PMID: 34069885 PMCID: PMC8157355 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida species are highly adaptable to environmental changes with their phenotypic flexibility allowing for the evasion of most host defence mechanisms. Moreover, increasing resistance of human pathogenic Candida strains has been reported against all four classes of available antifungal drugs, which highlights the need for combinational therapies. Tyrocidines are cyclic antimicrobial peptides that have shown synergistic activity with antifungal drugs such as caspofungin and amphotericin B. However, these cyclodecapeptides have haemolytic activity and cytotoxicity, but they have been used for decades in the clinic for topical applications. The tyrocidines tend to form higher-order structures in aqueous solutions and excessive aggregation can result in variable or diminished activity. Previous studies have shown that the tyrocidines prefer ordered association to celluloses. Therefore, a formulation with soluble cellulose was used to control the oligomer stability and size, thereby increasing the activity against Candida spp. Of the formulants tested, it was found that commercial hydroxy-propyl-methyl cellulose, E10M, yielded the best results with increased stability, increased anti-Candida activity, and improved selectivity. This formulation holds promise in topical applications against Candida spp. infections.
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3
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Juhl DW, van Rensburg W, Bossis X, Vosloo JA, Rautenbach M, Bechinger B. Tyrocidine A interactions with saccharides investigated by CD and NMR spectroscopies. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3163. [PMID: 30884009 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Tyrocidines are a family of cyclic decapeptides produced by the soil bacterium, Brevibacillus parabrevis. These antibiotic peptides can be used to prevent infections in agriculture and food industry but also to prepare antimicrobial lozenges, creams, and dressings for medical applications. It has been observed that the tyrocidines interact with saccharides such as cellulose from their soil environment, as well as sugars in culture media and glycans in fungal cell walls. Here, we investigated the interactions of tyrocidines with glucose, sucrose, and cellotetraose (as cellulose model) in a quantitative fashion utilising CD and NMR spectroscopy. The CD and NMR spectra of tyrocidine A (TrcA) were analysed as a function of solvent composition, and the spectral properties agree with the formation of oligomeric structures that are governed by β-sheet secondary structures once the acetonitrile content of the solvent is increased. Saccharides seem to also induce TrcA spectral changes reverting those induced by organic solvents. The CD spectral changes of TrcA in the presence of glucose agree with new ordered H-bonding, possibly β-sheet structures. The amides involved in intramolecular H-bonding remained largely unaffected by the environmental changes. In contrast, amides exposed to the exterior and/or involved in TrcA intermolecular association show the largest 1 H chemical shift changes. CD and NMR spectroscopic investigations correlated well with TrcA-glucose interactions characterized by a dissociation constant around 200 μM. Interestingly, the association of cellotetraose corresponds closely to the additive effect from four glucose moieties, while a much higher dissociation constant was observed for sucrose. Similar trends to TrcA for binding to the three saccharides were observed for the analogous tyrocidines, tyrocidine B, and tyrocidine C. These results therefore indicate that the tyrocidine interactions with the glucose monosaccharide unit are fairly specific and reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wilma van Rensburg
- BIOPEP Peptide Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
| | | | - J Arnold Vosloo
- BIOPEP Peptide Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Marina Rautenbach
- BIOPEP Peptide Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
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4
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Loll PJ, Upton EC, Nahoum V, Economou NJ, Cocklin S. The high resolution structure of tyrocidine A reveals an amphipathic dimer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:1199-207. [PMID: 24530898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tyrocidine A, one of the first antibiotics ever to be discovered, is a cyclic decapeptide that binds to membranes of target bacteria, disrupting their integrity. It is active against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive organisms, and has recently engendered interest as a potential scaffold for the development of new drugs to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens. We present here the X-ray crystal structure of tyrocidine A at a resolution of 0.95Å. The structure reveals that tyrocidine forms an intimate and highly amphipathic homodimer made up of four beta strands that associate into a single, highly curved antiparallel beta sheet. We used surface plasmon resonance and potassium efflux assays to demonstrate that tyrocidine binds tightly to mimetics of bacterial membranes with an apparent dissociation constant (K(D)) of 10 μM, and efficiently permeabilizes bacterial cells at concentrations equal to and below the K(D). Using variant forms of tyrocidine in which the fluorescent probe p-cyano-phenylalanine had been inserted on either the polar or apolar face of the molecule, we performed fluorescence quenching experiments, using both water-soluble and membrane-embedded quenchers. The quenching results, together with the structure, strongly support a membrane association model in which the convex, apolar face of tyrocidine's beta sheet is oriented toward the membrane interior, while the concave, polar face is presented to the aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Loll
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
| | - Elizabeth C Upton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Virginie Nahoum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Nicoleta J Economou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Simon Cocklin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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5
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Yu C, Hwang JF, Yeh CJ, Chuang LC. Solution Conformation of Gramicidin S Determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Distance Geometry Calculation. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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6
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Li Y, Yongye A, Giulianotti M, Martinez-Mayorga K, Yu Y, Houghten RA. Synthesis of cyclic peptides through direct aminolysis of peptide thioesters catalyzed by imidazole in aqueous organic solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 11:1066-72. [PMID: 19894764 DOI: 10.1021/cc900100z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A promising method for the synthesis of cyclic peptides through the direct aminolysis of peptide thioesters is presented. The cyclization step was carried out in a mixture of acetonitrile and 1.5 M aqueous imidazole solution with no observable oligomers. Studies on the N- and C-terminal residues show that the choice of C-terminal residue has a more significant effect on the success rate of cyclization than the choice at the N-terminal residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmei Li
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port Saint Lucie, Florida 34987, USA
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7
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8
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CARBONE F, LEACH S. Studies of repeating synthetic peptides designed to adopt a cross-β conformation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1985.tb01017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Marques MA, Citron DM, Wang CC. Development of Tyrocidine A analogues with improved antibacterial activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:6667-77. [PMID: 17728134 PMCID: PMC2706120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2007] [Revised: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of new antibacterial therapeutic agents capable of halting microbial resistance is a chief pursuit in clinical medicine. Classes of antibiotics that target and destroy bacterial membranes are attractive due to the decreased likelihood that bacteria will be able to generate resistance to this mechanism. The amphipathic cyclic decapeptide, Tyrocidine A, is a model for this class of antibiotics. Tyrocidine A is composed of a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic face, allowing for insertion into bacterial membranes, creating porous channels and destroying membrane integrity. We have used a combination of molecular modeling and solid phase synthesis to prepare Tyrocidine A and analogues 1-8. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of these compounds were determined for a host of gram positive species and E. coli as a representative gram negative bacterium. Analogues 2 and 5 demonstrated moderate 2- to 8-fold increases in antibacterial activity over the parent Tyrocidine A for a variety of pathogenic microbes (best MICs for E. coli 32 microg/mL and 2 microg/mL for most gram positives). Examination of the structure- activity relationship between the analogues demonstrated a preference for increased amphipathicity but did not show a clear preference for increasing hydrophilicity versus hydrophobicity in improving antibacterial activity. Of note, movement of positively charged lysine residues or neutral pentafluorophenyl residues to different positions within the cyclopeptide ring system demonstrated improvements in antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Marques
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles California 90089
| | - Diane M. Citron
- Microbial Research Lab, Los Angeles County, University of Southern California Medical Center, 1801 East Marengo Street 2G-24, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Clay C. Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles California 90089
- Corresponding Author: Clay C. Wang, Department of Pharmacology and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, California 90089, Phone: (323) 442-1670, Fax: (323) 442-1365,
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11
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Qin C, Bu X, Wu X, Guo Z. A chemical approach to generate molecular diversity based on the scaffold of cyclic decapeptide antibiotic tyrocidine A. JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY 2003; 5:353-5. [PMID: 12857101 DOI: 10.1021/cc0300255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanguang Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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12
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Bu X, Wu X, Xie G, Guo Z. Synthesis of tyrocidine A and its analogues by spontaneous cyclization in aqueous solution. Org Lett 2002; 4:2893-5. [PMID: 12182582 DOI: 10.1021/ol0263191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Head-to-tail cyclization of peptides is a multistep process involving tedious C-terminal activation and side chain protection. Here we report a facile, quantitative cyclization method in aqueous ammonia solution for the total syntheses of the cyclic decapeptide antibiotic Tyrocidine A and its analogues from their fully deprotected linear thioester precursors on a solid support. This novel aqueous method is conformation-dependent and may be applicable to syntheses of other natural cyclic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhang Bu
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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13
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Tonge AP, Murray-rust P, Gibbons WA, McLachlan LK. Determination of the major solution conformation of tyrocidine A, using molecular mechanics energy minimization and NMR-derived distance and torsion angle constraints. J Comput Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.540090511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Mascagni P, Pope M, Gibbons WA, Ciuffetti LM, Knoche HW. The backbone and side chain conformations of the cyclic tetrapeptide HC-toxin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1983; 113:10-7. [PMID: 6860326 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(83)90424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A study of the conformational parameters of HC-toxin and its diacetyl derivative in chloroform solution has been carried out. Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and the nuclear Overhauser effect have been used in order to determine connectivities (assignments and sequence) and approximate torsion angles and interproton distances. The results are consistent with a bis-gamma-turn conformation previously reported for dihydrochlamydocin. Model building based upon NMR data supports a D configuration for Ala2 and Pro4 residues.
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15
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Buffington LA, Garsky V, Rivier J, Gibbons WA. Conformation of somatostatin using scalar coupling constants from 270 and 600 MHz simulated proton magnetic resonance spectra. Biophys J 1983; 41:299-304. [PMID: 6132629 PMCID: PMC1329184 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(83)84442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The conformation of the 14 amino acid peptide hormone somatostatin in aqueous solution was investigated through a proton magnetic resonance (PMR) scalar coupling analysis. Experiments were performed at two fields, 270 and 600 MHz, and included double and triple resonance difference scalar decoupling, resolution enhancement and computer simulation. The agreement between simulated and observed spectra at both fields provided support for the correctness of the analysis. The resultant scalar coupling constants, 3J alpha H-NH and 3J alpha B, gave information on the backbone (phi) and side chain (chi 1) torsional angles, respectively, which eliminated either of the proposed conformations of somatostatin as describing a predominant conformer of the molecule in solution under our conditions.
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16
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Danders W, Marahiel MA, Krause M, Kosui N, Kato T, Izumiya N, Kleinkauf H. Antibacterial action of gramicidin S and tyrocidines in relation to active transport, in vitro transcription, and spore outgrowth. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1982; 22:785-90. [PMID: 6185087 PMCID: PMC185661 DOI: 10.1128/aac.22.5.785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclopeptide antibiotic gramicidin S or tyrocidine in concentrations of 2 to 4 mumol/mg of membrane protein inhibited the active transport of [3H]alanine and [3H]uridine in membrane vesicles isolated from Bacillus brevis and Bacillus subtilis. We used one analog of gramicidin S and two of tyrocidine A to study the relationship between peptide structure and antibacterial action as seen in inhibiting active transport and in vitro transcription and in delaying spore outgrowth. The data showed that [Ser2,2']-gramicidin S, in which the two ornithine residues were replaced by two serines, was at least 50 times less active antibacterially and gave a low response in transport inhibition and delay of spore outgrowth compared with the natural peptide. The antibacterial activity of [Val6]-tyrocidine A was twice lower than that of tyrocidine A, and it also showed a considerable reduction in transport and transcription inhibition. [Orn7]-tyrocidine A containing two ornithine residues in positions corresponding to those in gramicidin S was almost inactive in all functions tested. The correlation between peptide structure and activity is discussed.
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18
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Wyssbrod HR, Fischman AJ, Wittbold WM, Smith CW, Walter R, Schwartz IL. Comparative study of the neurohypophyseal hormone [8-arginine]vasopressin and its analog [7-(3,4-dehydroproline), 8-arginine]vasopressin in aqueous solution. An examination of the nonlabile protons by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1981; 17:48-55. [PMID: 7228491 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1981.tb01967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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19
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Kuo MC, Gibbons WA. Nuclear Overhauser effect and cross-relaxation rate determinations of dihedral and transannular interproton distances in the decapeptide tyrocidine A. Biophys J 1980; 32:807-36. [PMID: 6266536 PMCID: PMC1327240 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(80)85018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The following interproton distances are reported for the decapeptide tyrocidine A in solution: (a) r(phi) distances between NH(i) and H alpha (i), (b) r(psi) distances between NH (i + 1) and H alpha (i), (c) r(phi psi) distances between NH(i + 1) and NH(i), (d) NH in equilibrium NH transannular distances, (e) H alpha in equilibrium H alpha transannular distances, (f) r x 1 distances between H alpha and H beta protons, (g) NH(i) in equilibrium H beta (i) distances, (h) NH (i + 1) in equilibrium H beta (i) distances, (i) carboxamide-backbone protons and carboxamide-side chain proton distances, (j) side chain proton-side chain proton distances. The procedures for distance calculations were: NOE ratios and calibration distances, sigma ratios and calibration distances, and correlation times and sigma parameters. The cross-relaxation parameters were obtained from the product, say, of NOE 1 leads to 2 and the monoselective relaxation rate of proton 2; the NOEs were measured by NOE difference spectroscopy. The data are consistent with a type I beta-turn/ type II' beta-turn/ approximately antiparallel beta-pleated sheet conformation of tyrocidine A in solution and the NOEs, cross-relaxation parameters, and interproton distances serve as distinguishing criteria for beta-turn and beta-pleated sheet conformations. It should be borne in mind that measurement of only r phi and r psi distances for a decapeptide only defines the ( phi, psi)-space in terms of 4(10) possible conformations; the distances b-j served to reduce the degeneracy in possible (phi, psi)-space to one tyrocidine A conformation. The latter conformation is consistent with that derived from scalar coupling constants, hydrogen bonding studies, and proton-chromophore distance measurement, and closely resembles the conformation of gramicidin S.
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