1
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Ye H, Xian Y, Li S, Zhang C, Wu D. In situ forming injectable γ-poly(glutamic acid)/PEG adhesive hydrogels for hemorrhage control. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:4218-4227. [PMID: 35748430 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00525e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly in situ forming adhesive hydrogels are promising candidates for efficient hemostasis due to their easy administration and minimal invasion. However, development of biocompatible and high-performance hemostatic hydrogels without any additional toxic agents remains a challenge. Herein, a series of novel injectable adhesive hydrogels based on N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) modified γ-poly(glutamic acid) (γPGA-NHS) and tetra-armed poly(ethylene glycol) amine (Tetra-PEG-NH2) were developed. Among all samples, PGA10-PEG15 and PGA10-PEG20 hydrogels with higher PEG contents exhibited rapid gelation time (<20 s), strong mechanical strength (compression modulus up to ∼75 kPa), good adhesive properties (∼15 kPa), and satisfactory burst pressure (∼18-20 kPa). As a result, PGA10-PEG15 and PGA10-PEG20 hydrogels showed a remarkable reduction in hemostasis time and blood loss compared with gauze and fibrin glue. More importantly, the PGA10-PEG20 hydrogel was also successfully used to seal femoral arterial trauma. Subcutaneous implantation experiments indicated a good biocompatibility of the hydrogels in vivo. All these results strongly support that the developed PGA-PEG hydrogels could serve as promising hemostatic agents in emergency and clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Yiwen Xian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Shurong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Decheng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, Peoples Republic of China.
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2
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Yang K, Wang Q, Wang Y, Li S, Gu Y, Gao N, Zhang F, Lei P, Wang R, Xu H. Poly(γ-glutamic acid) Nanocoating To Enhance the Viability of Pseudomonas stutzeri NRCB010 through Cell Surface Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:39957-39966. [PMID: 34376049 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbial inoculants can enhance soil quality, promote plant nutrient acquisition, and alleviate problems caused by the excessive use of chemical fertilizers. However, susceptibility to harsh conditions during transport and storage, as well as the short shelf-life of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), limit industrial application. Herein, a novel strategy to form nanocoating on bacterial surfaces to enhance viability was proposed. The nanocoating was composed of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-modified poly (γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) and calcium ions, which could adhere to the surface of bacteria by forming covalent bonds and ionic bonds with the bacteria. The bacteria encapsulated in the coating had better resistance against harsh conditions than bare bacteria. The viability of coated bacteria was also increased by 2.38 times compared with bare bacteria after 4 weeks of storage. The pot experiment showed that coated Pseudomonas stutzeri NRCB010 had better growth-promoting properties compared with free P. stutzeri NRCB010. These results indicate that cell surface engineering is an effective method to enhance the resistance of bacteria against harsh conditions and is expected to promote the widespread use of PGPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yian Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Nan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Fuhai Zhang
- Agricultural and Rural Affairs of Yantai, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Peng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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3
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Ouyang X, Zhou X, Lai SN, Liu Q, Zheng B. Immobilization of Proteins of Cell Extract to Hydrogel Networks Enhances the Longevity of Cell-Free Protein Synthesis and Supports Gene Networks. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:749-755. [PMID: 33784075 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we constructed a new type of hydrogel based artificial cells supporting long-lived protein synthesis, post-translational modification, and gene networks. We constructed the artificial cells by immobilizing the transcription and translation system from E. coli cytoplasmic extract onto the polyacrylamide hydrogel. With the continuous supply of energy and nutrition, the artificial cells were capable of stable protein expression for at least 30 days. Functional proteins which were difficult to produce in vivo, including colicin E1 and urokinase, were synthesized in the artificial cells with high bioactivity. Furthermore, we constructed a sigma factor based genetic oscillator in the artificial cells. The artificial cells not only provide a powerful platform for continuous protein synthesis and convenient design and testing of genetic networks, but also hold great promise for the development of metabolic engineering, drug delivery, and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Sze Nga Lai
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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4
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Dual-functionalized hyaluronic acid as a facile modifier to prepare polyanionic collagen. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 215:358-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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5
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6
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Zhou X, Wu H, Cui M, Lai SN, Zheng B. Long-lived protein expression in hydrogel particles: towards artificial cells. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4275-4279. [PMID: 29780558 PMCID: PMC5944208 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00383a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report a new type of cell-mimic particle capable of long-lived protein expression. We constructed the cell-mimic particles by immobilizing the proteinaceous factors of the cell-free transcription and translation system on the polymer backbone of hydrogel particles and encapsulating the plasmid template and ribosome inside the hydrogel. With the continuous supply of nutrients and energy, the protein expression in the cell-mimic particles remained stable for at least 11 days. We achieved the regulation of protein expression in the cell-mimic particles by the usage of lac operon. The cell-mimic particles quickly responded to the concentration change of isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) in the feeding buffer to regulate the mCherry expression level. We also constructed an in vitro genetic oscillator in the cell-mimic particles. Protein LacI provided a negative feedback to the expression of both LacI itself and eGFP, and the expression level change of eGFP presented an oscillation. We expect the cell-mimic particles to be a useful platform for gene circuit engineering, metabolic engineering, and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong , P. R. China .
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong , P. R. China .
| | - Miao Cui
- Department of Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong , P. R. China .
| | - Sze Nga Lai
- Department of Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong , P. R. China .
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Chemistry , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong , P. R. China .
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7
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Development and characterization of hyaluronic acid modified PLGA based nanoparticles for improved efficacy of cisplatin in solid tumor. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:856-864. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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8
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Yang J, Ding C, Huang L, Zhang M, Chen L. The preparation of poly(γ-glutamic acid)-NHS ester as a natural cross-linking agent of collagen. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 97:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Terada Y, Seto H, Hoshino Y, Murakami T, Shinohara S, Tamada K, Miura Y. SPR study for analysis of a water-soluble glycopolymer interface and molecular recognition properties. Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2016.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Azab ME, Khalifa NM, Sediek AA, Sabry NM, Al-Omar MM, Amr AEGE. Synthesis and Characterization of Some New N-Glycosides of Pyridine-2,6-bis-Carboxamides Derivatives. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 35:435-44. [PMID: 27556782 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2016.1202962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel pyridine-bridged 2,6-bis-carboxamide N-β-glycosides and Schiff's bases has been prepared starting from 2,6-bis-carboxamide pyridine hydrazide, which on treatment with appropriate monosaccharides, aromatic or heterocyclic aldehydes, and indoline-2,3-dione derivatives afforded the corresponding sugar hydrazones and pyridine-bridged 2,6-bis-carboxamide Schiff's bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed E Azab
- a Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Ain Shams University , Abbassia , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Nagy M Khalifa
- b Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Drug Exploration & Development Chair, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.,c Therapeutical Chemistry Department , National Research Centre , Dokki , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ashraf A Sediek
- d Chemical Industries Division , National Research Centre , Dokki , Cairo , Egypt.,e Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Al-Kamil Branch , University of Jeddah , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Nermein M Sabry
- d Chemical Industries Division , National Research Centre , Dokki , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Al-Omar
- b Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Drug Exploration & Development Chair, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abd El-Galil E Amr
- b Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Drug Exploration & Development Chair, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.,d Chemical Industries Division , National Research Centre , Dokki , Cairo , Egypt
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11
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Hooftman G, Herman S, Schacht E. Review: Poly(Ethylene Glycol)s with Reactive Endgroups. II. Practical Consideration for the Preparation of Protein-PEG Conjugates. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/088391159601100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gert Hooftman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Polymer Materials Research Group, University of Ghent, Krijgslaan 281 S4-Bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabine Herman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Polymer Materials Research Group, University of Ghent, Krijgslaan 281 S4-Bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Etienne Schacht
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Polymer Materials Research Group, University of Ghent, Krijgslaan 281 S4-Bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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12
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Abstract
Dextran fractions with a narrow molecular weight distribution were modified using the 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate activation method. The activated polymers were subsequently reacted with a small amount of L- tyrosinamide and a number of selected peracetylated ω-amino glycosides of D- mannose, D-galactose, L-fucose and L-rhamnose and including some cluster de rivatives. All monosaccharides were linked to the polymer chain via a carbon C-6 spacer. The number of L-tyrosinamide units introduced could be accurately deter mined by UV absorption spectroscopy. On the other hand, the degree of substi tution by a glycoside ligand was calculated from 1H NMR data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vansteenkiste
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry State University of Ghent Krijgslaan 281 (S-4) B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne De Marre
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry State University of Ghent Krijgslaan 281 (S-4) B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Etienne Schacht
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry State University of Ghent Krijgslaan 281 (S-4) B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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13
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Belardi B, Bertozzi CR. Chemical Lectinology: Tools for Probing the Ligands and Dynamics of Mammalian Lectins In Vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:983-93. [PMID: 26256477 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The importance and complexity associated with the totality of glycan structures, i.e. the glycome, has garnered significant attention from chemists and biologists alike. However, what is lacking from this biochemical picture is how cells, tissues, and organisms interpret glycan patterns and translate this information into appropriate responses. Lectins, glycan-binding proteins, are thought to bridge this gap by decoding the glycome and dictating cell fate based on the underlying chemical identities and properties of the glycome. Yet, our understanding of the in vivo ligands and function for most lectins is still incomplete. This review focuses on recent advances in chemical tools to study the specificity and dynamics of mammalian lectins in live cells. A picture emerges of lectin function that is highly sensitive to its organization, which in turn drastically shapes immunity and cancer progression. We hope this review will inspire biologists to make use of these new techniques and stimulate chemists to continue developing innovative approaches to probe lectin biology in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Belardi
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4401, USA.
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14
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El-Shamy IE, Abdel-Mohsen A, Alsheikh AA, Fouda MM, Al-Deyab SS, El-Hashash MA. Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of S-nucleosides of 4-mesitylphthalazine-1-thiol and some new selenium-containing nucleoside analogues. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Zhang JT, Cai Z, Kwak DH, Liu X, Asher SA. Two-dimensional photonic crystal sensors for visual detection of lectin concanavalin A. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9036-41. [PMID: 25162117 DOI: 10.1021/ac5015854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We fabricated a two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal lectin sensing material that utilizes light diffraction from a 2-D colloidal array attached to the surface of a hydrogel that contains mannose carbohydrate groups. Lectin-carbohydrate interactions create hydrogel cross-links that shrink the hydrogel volume and decrease the 2-D particle spacing. This mannose containing 2-D photonic crystal sensor detects Concanavalin A (Con A) through shifts in the 2-D diffraction wavelength. Con A concentrations can be determined by measuring the diffracted wavelength or visually determined from the change in the sensor diffraction color. The concentrations are easily monitored by measuring the 2-D array Debye ring diameter. Our observed detection limit for Con A is 0.02 mg/mL (0.7 μM). The 2-D photonic crystal sensors are completely reversible and can monitor Con A solution concentration changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Tao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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16
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Dilmaghani KA, Pur FN, Jazani NH, Alavi A, Niknam Z, Mirfakhraee F. Synthesis of New 1,2,4-Triazole-5-Thiones and Their Thioglycoside Derivatives as Potential Antibacterial Agents. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2013.789877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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17
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Abstract
Glycans are key participants in biological processes ranging from reproduction to cellular communication to infection. Revealing glycan roles and the underlying molecular mechanisms by which glycans manifest their function requires access to glycan derivatives that vary systematically. To this end, glycopolymers (polymers bearing pendant carbohydrates) have emerged as valuable glycan analogs. Because glycopolymers can readily be synthesized, their overall shape can be varied, and they can be altered systematically to dissect the structural features that underpin their activities. This review provides examples in which glycopolymers have been used to effect carbohydrate-mediated signal transduction. Our objective is to illustrate how these powerful tools can reveal the molecular mechanisms that underlie carbohydrate-mediated signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Kiessling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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18
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Zhang JT, Chao X, Liu X, Asher SA. Two-dimensional array Debye ring diffraction protein recognition sensing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6337-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43396j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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19
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Lee AG, Beebe DJ, Palecek SP. Quantification of kinase activity in cell lysates via photopatterned macroporous poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel arrays in microfluidic channels. Biomed Microdevices 2012; 14:247-57. [PMID: 22069079 PMCID: PMC3299890 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-011-9602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as cancer therapeutics varies amongst individual patients as a result of patient-specific differences in molecular regulation of cancer development and progression, and acquisition of resistance to TKIs during therapy. A sensitive assay that can quantify kinase activity and predict inhibition of that activity from minimally invasive patient tissue samples may aid design of efficacious individualized TKI treatments. A microfluidic format can be useful in reducing limitations in standard protein kinase assays, including sensitivity required and low sample volume available. We present photopatterned macroporous poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogel pillars functionalized with kinase substrates within microchannels for quantifying kinase activity in complex cellular lysates. We determined the effect of using a porogen to induce macroporosity in hydrogel pillars and showed that hydrogel poration enhanced the sensitivity of detecting Bcr-Abl activity in cell lysates by an order of magnitude. Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase activity in K562 cell lysates could be detected from 0.01 μg/μL of cell lysate, corresponding to approximately 500 cells, using GST-Crkl immobilized in macroporous hydrogels. This device was also capable of quantifying inhibition of Bcr-Abl activity by imatinib mesylate, which demonstrates the potential to predict the biochemical response to drug inhibitors. These results indicate that microfluidic devices containing macroporous hydrogels functionalized with kinase substrates provide a promising platform for sensitive and specific quantification of kinase activity and efficacy of kinase inhibitors in cancer cell lysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706
| | - David J. Beebe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Sean P. Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, 1550 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706
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20
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Abbas HAS, Hafez HN, El-Gazzar ARBA. Synthesis, in vitro antimicrobial and in vivo antitumor evaluation of novel pyrimidoquinolines and its nucleoside derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 46:21-30. [PMID: 21074295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Seven series of pyrimidoquinoline derivatives have been synthesized, tetrazolo[4',3':-1,2]pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline (3), 2-aminopyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline (4), triazolo[4',3':1,2]-pyrimidoquinoline (5a,b, 10), imidazolo[3',2':1,2]pyrimido[4,5-b]-quinoline (8a,b), 6-chloro-2-methylthiopyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline (12), acetylated nucleosides (16, 17a,b) and deacetylated nucleosides (18, 19a,b). Some of the novel pyrimidoquinoline derivatives possess highly activity toward the bacteria and fungi species. The new quinolines derivatives were evaluated for their anticancer activity toward human cancer cell lines by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Most of them had excellent growth inhibition activity, having LD(50) values in the low micromolar to nanomolar concentration range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebat-Allah S Abbas
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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21
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A versatile pH sensitive chondroitin sulfate-PEG tissue adhesive and hydrogel. Biomaterials 2010; 31:2788-97. [PMID: 20047758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We developed a chondroitin sulfate-polyethylene glycol (CS-PEG) adhesive hydrogel with numerous potential biomedical applications. The carboxyl groups on chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains were functionalized with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) to yield chondroitin sulfate succinimidyl succinate (CS-NHS). Following purification, the CS-NHS molecule can react with primary amines to form amide bonds. Hence, using six arm polyethylene glycol amine PEG-(NH2)6 as a crosslinker we formed a hydrogel which was covalently bound to proteins in tissue via amide bonds. By varying the initial pH of the precursor solutions, the hydrogel stiffness, swelling properties, and kinetics of gelation could be controlled. The sealing/adhesive strength could also be modified by varying the damping and storage modulus properties of the material. The adhesive strength of the material with cartilage tissue was shown to be ten times higher than that of fibrin glue. Cells encapsulated or in direct contact with the material remained viable and metabolically active. Furthermore, CS-PEG material produced minimal inflammatory response when implanted subcutaneously in a rat model and enzymatic degradation was demonstrated in vitro. This work establishes an adhesive hydrogel derived from biological and synthetic components with potential application in wound healing and regenerative medicine.
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22
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Abbas HAS, El Sayed WA, Fathy NM. Synthesis and antitumor activity of new dihydropyridine thioglycosides and their corresponding dehydrogenated forms. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 45:973-82. [PMID: 20004044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A number of a new pyridine thioglycosides were synthesized via reaction of piperidinium salts of dihydropyridinethiones with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-gluco- and galactopyranosyl bromide. The antitumor activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated utilizing two different human cell lines. Some of the tested compounds showed high inhibition of human cell lines. The detailed synthesis, spectroscopic data and antitumor activities for the synthesized compounds were reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebat-Allah S Abbas
- Photochemistry Department, National research center, Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt.
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23
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El Ashry ESH, Awad LF, Abdel Hamid HM, Atta AI. Microwave Irradiation for Accelerating the Synthesis of Thioglycosides. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910600767314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. S. H. El Ashry
- a Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, Alexandria University , Alexandria, Egypt
| | - L. F. Awad
- a Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, Alexandria University , Alexandria, Egypt
| | - H. M. Abdel Hamid
- a Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, Alexandria University , Alexandria, Egypt
| | - A. I. Atta
- a Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, Alexandria University , Alexandria, Egypt
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Quelven E, Tjollyn S, Rocher L, Mille G, Fourneron JD. Development of a Monoclonal Antibody Against Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10406639908020545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Bobeldijk M, Verhoeff NPLG, Vekemans JAJM, Buck HM, Van Doremalen PAPM, Van Hoof JJ, Janssen AGM. A simple and high-yield synthesis of (S)-BZM, (R)-BZM AND (S)-IBZM for the preparation of (S)-123I-IBZM. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580281104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Semler EJ, Lancin PA, Dasgupta A, Moghe PV. Engineering hepatocellular morphogenesis and function via ligand-presenting hydrogels with graded mechanical compliance. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 89:296-307. [PMID: 15744840 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the sensitivity of hepatocellular cultures to variations in both substrate stiffness and bioactive ligand presentation, hepatocytes were cultured on differentially compliant polyacrylamide gel discs functionalized with varying amounts of the ECM ligand, fibronectin (FN). Subconfluent cell cultures were established in a multiwell plate format enabling the systematic evaluation of cellular response to both underlying substrate rigidity and substrate ligand concentration. Hepatocellular morphogenesis, regulated by a combination of both ligand density and substrate compliance, resulted in a broad spectrum of patterns of cellular reorganization and assembly ranging from highly two-dimensionally spread cells to highly compact, three-dimensional spheroids. Cell compaction was promoted by increasing levels of substrate mechanical compliance and generally inhibited by increasing concentrations of substrate-bound FN. We identified regimes of substrate compliance in which cells are highly responsive or relatively insensitive to the level of substrate-based ligands. For example, while FN presentation did not have a large impact on cell morphogenesis for cultures on highly compliant gels (G' = 1.9 kPa), hepatocytes on "firm" substrates of intermediate compliance (G' = 5.6 kPa) exhibited approximately a 2-fold increase in cell area between the highest and lowest FN concentrations used in this study. Further, we show that increasing substrate compliance at constant ligand concentration results in increased levels of liver-specific albumin secretion while increasing levels of FN at constant substrate rigidity yield reduced liver-specific functional activity. These substrate-elicited differences in cell function also coincided with analogous changes in the transcript levels of metabolic, growth-related, and liver-specific gene markers. Notably, these results also demonstrated that "firm" gel substrates elicit the most hepatocyte functional sensitivity to substrate-based FN presentation. Overall, our findings indicate that hepatocellular responsiveness to ligand concentration can be acutely regulated by gradation of substrate compliance, suggesting that concerted biochemical and biophysical design strategies may be critical toward the fabrication of hepatospecific biomaterials that effectively support desired levels of liver-specific function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Semler
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Relógio P, Charreyre MT, Farinha JPS, Martinho JM, Pichot C. Well-defined polymer precursors synthesized by RAFT polymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide/N-acryloxysuccinimide: random and block copolymers. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Favier A, D'Agosto F, Charreyre MT, Pichot C. Synthesis of N-acryloxysuccinimide copolymers by RAFT polymerization, as reactive building blocks with full control of composition and molecular weights. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Jia H, Zhu G, Wang P. Catalytic behaviors of enzymes attached to nanoparticles: the effect of particle mobility. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 84:406-14. [PMID: 14574697 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles provide an ideal remedy to the usually contradictory issues encountered in the optimization of immobilized enzymes: minimum diffusional limitation, maximum surface area per unit mass, and high effective enzyme loading. In addition to the promising performance features, the unique solution behaviors of the nanoparticles also point to a transitional region between the heterogeneous (with immobilized enzymes) and homogeneous (with soluble free enzymes) catalysis. The particle mobility, which is related to particle size and solution viscosity through Stokes-Einstein equation, may impact the reaction kinetics according to the collision theory. The mobility-activity relationship was examined through experimental studies and theoretical modeling in the present work. Polystyrene particles with diameters ranging from 110-1000 nm were prepared. A model enzyme, alpha-chymotrypsin, was covalently attached to the nanoparticles up to 6.6 wt%. The collision theory model was found feasible in correlating the catalytic activities of particles to particle size and solution viscosity. Changes in the size of particles and the viscosity of reaction media, which all affect the mobility of the enzyme catalyst, evidently altered the intrinsic activity of the particle-attached enzyme. Compared to K(M), k(cat) appeared to be less sensitive to particle size and viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Jia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3906, USA
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31
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D'Agosto F, Charreyre MT, Mélis F, Mandrand B, Pichot C. High molecular weight hydrophilic functional copolymers by free-radical copolymerization of acrylamide and ofN-acryloylmorpholine withN-acryloxysuccinimide: Application to the synthesis of a graft copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Uludag H, Wong M, Man J. Reactivity of temperature-sensitive, protein-conjugating polymers prepared by a photopolymerization process. J Appl Polym Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(20000124)75:4<583::aid-app15>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tempelman LA, Hammer DA. Receptor-mediated binding of IgE-sensitized rat basophilic leukemia cells to antigen-coated substrates under hydrodynamic flow. Biophys J 1994; 66:1231-43. [PMID: 8038394 PMCID: PMC1275831 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(94)80907-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological function of many cells is dependent on their ability to adhere via receptors to ligand-coated surfaces under fluid flow. We have developed a model experimental system to measure cell adhesion as a function of cell and surface chemistry and fluid flow. Using a parallel-plate flow chamber, we measured the binding of rat basophilic leukemia cells preincubated with anti-dinitrophenol IgE antibody to polyacrylamide gels covalently derivatized with 2,4-dinitrophenol. The rat basophilic leukemia cells' binding behavior is binary: cells are either adherent or continue to travel at their hydrodynamic velocity, and the transition between these two states is abrupt. The spatial location of adherent cells shows cells can adhere many cell diameters down the length of the gel, suggesting that adhesion is a probabilistic process. The majority of experiments were performed in the excess ligand limit in which adhesion depends strongly on the number of receptors but weakly on ligand density. Only 5-fold changes in IgE surface density or in shear rate were necessary to change adhesion from complete to indistinguishable from negative control. Adhesion showed a hyperbolic dependence on shear rate. By performing experiments with two IgE-antigen configurations in which the kinetic rates of receptor-ligand binding are different, we demonstrate that the forward rate of reaction of the receptor-ligand pair is more important than its thermodynamic affinity in the regulation of binding under hydrodynamic flow. In fact, adhesion increases with increasing receptor-ligand reaction rate or decreasing shear rate, and scales with a single dimensionless parameter which compares the relative rates of reaction to fluid shear.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Tempelman
- School of Chemical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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35
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Csanaky G, Vass JA, Losonczy H, Schmelczer M. Expression of an adhesion molecule and homing in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: II. L-selectin expression mediated cell adhesion revealed by immobilized analogue carbohydrates in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and monoclonal lymphocytosis of undetermined significance. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY AND TUMOR PHARMACOTHERAPY 1993; 10:173-80. [PMID: 8164454 DOI: 10.1007/bf02989666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The L-selectin mediated adhesion of freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to phosphonomonoester core polysaccharide (PPME) and fucoidin derivatized gels was investigated in seven cases of monoclonal lymphocytosis of undetermined significance (B-MLUS) and 12 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: B-CLL, patients with peripheral lymphocytosis (LY-patients), lymph node enlargement (LN-patients) and splenomegaly (SM-patients). PBMCs isolated from the peripheral blood of 10 healthy donors served as controls. The binding to PPME and fucoidin correlated well (n = 19, P = 0.01). Adhesion of PBMCs from B-MLUS and B-CLL showed a greater variability than controls. A higher number of cells, on average, bound to PPME and fucoidin derivatized polyacrylamide gels in B-MLUS than in B-CLL. However, the differences observed were not statistically significant. In four cases with B-CLL, the stimulatory effect of interferon-alpha on the function of L-selectin and some other accessory molecules was also studied. The increased binding of PBMCs to immobilized analogue molecules (PPME, fucoidin) and to high endothelial venules (HEVs) in the in vitro HEV-binding assay supports the notion that interferon-alpha not only increases the expression of the adhesion molecules, but also results in an enhanced adhesive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Csanaky
- Department of Pathology, University Medical School of Pécs, Hungary
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Yoshida M, Asano M, Yokota T, Kumakura M. Active functional copolymeric microspheres based on 1-methacryloxybenzotriazole and N-acryloxysuccinimide. POLYMER 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(90)90136-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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38
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Nazarova O, Solovskii M, Panarin Y, Alekseyeva S. Interactions of nucleophilic reagents and copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone with N-hydroxyphthalamide esters of acrylic, methacrylic and crotonic acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(89)90401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Ando Y, Inoue M, Utsumi T, Morino Y, Araki S. Synthesis of acylated SOD derivatives which bind to the biomembrane lipid surface and dismutate extracellular superoxide radicals. FEBS Lett 1988; 240:216-20. [PMID: 2847946 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80371-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Involvement of oxygen radicals in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases has been the focus of recent attention. Since lipid peroxidation of cell membranes is postulated to be one of the major reasons for radical-induced tissue injury, inhibition of oxygen toxicity at or near plasma membranes is important. To metabolize extracellular superoxide radicals effectively at or near cell membranes, we synthesized amphipathic superoxide dismutase (SOD) derivatives (AC-SOD) by covalently linking hydrophobic fatty acids with different chain lengths, such as caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid and myristic acid, to the lysyl amino groups of the enzyme. When incubated with erythrocytes or polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), AC-SOD, but not SOD, bound to plasma membranes of these cells. When topically instilled to the eye, AC-SOD also bound to corneal epithelial cell surface. Upon activation by phorbolmyristyl acetate, extracellular cytochrome c was rapidly reduced by PMNs which were pretreated with SOD. In contrast, PMNs preincubated with AC-SOD failed to catalyze the reduction of cytochrome c under the same experimental conditions. These results suggested that AC-SOD bound to cell membranes and effectively dismutated superoxide radicals at or on the outer surface of plasma membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ando
- Department of Biochemistry, Kumamoto University Medical School, Japan
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40
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Brandley BK, Schnaar RL. Covalent attachment of an Arg-Gly-Asp sequence peptide to derivatizable polyacrylamide surfaces: support of fibroblast adhesion and long-term growth. Anal Biochem 1988; 172:270-8. [PMID: 3189771 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(88)90442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic nonapeptide (Tyr-Ala-Val-Thr-Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser), which includes the adhesive Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence, was covalently immobilized on chemically well-defined polyacrylamide gel surfaces utilizing N-succinimidyl active esters. The amount of peptide immobilized varied linearly with the concentration added to the gels. Immobilization was approximately 80% efficient (based on peptide added), resulting in up to 17.5 nmol peptide/cm2 gel surface. Balb/c 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells adhered readily to peptide-derivatized surfaces, even in the absence of serum. Furthermore, surfaces derivatized with 2 nmol peptide/cm2 gel supported long-term fibroblast growth at a rate and to an extent comparable to that on tissue culture plastic. Surfaces derivatized with a control nonapeptide having no RGD sequence were nonsupportive of cell attachment or growth. The immobilization technology used to derivatize the gel surfaces with adhesive nonapeptide can be modified to allow coderivatization with proteins, glycoproteins, glycosides, or other amine-containing compounds to test their effects on long-term cell behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Brandley
- Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Shoemaker SG, Hoffman AS, Priest JH. Synthesis and properties of vinyl monomer/enzyme conjugates. Conjugation of L-asparaginase with N-succinimidyl acrylate. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1987; 15:11-24. [PMID: 3662495 DOI: 10.1007/bf02798503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Monomer conjugation of an enzyme followed by copolymerization with free monomer is a useful method of enzyme immobilization. L-asparaginase was conjugated with N-succinimidyl acrylate. Analysis of the conjugated enzyme via isoelectric focusing showed that a molar ratio of 9.5 free monomers per enzyme was needed during the conjunction for each vinyl group bound. Only 3% of the enzyme activity was lost per vinyl group added, and conjugation of an average of four monomers per enzyme thermally destabilized the enzyme only at temperatures above 50 degrees C. Activity of the enzyme at physiological temperatures was relatively unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Shoemaker
- Center for Bioengineering, University of Washington 98195
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44
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Brandley B, Weisz O, Schnaar R. Cell attachment and long-term growth on derivatizable polyacrylamide surfaces. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)45588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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45
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Korenbrot JI, Perry R, Copenhagen DR. Development and characterization of a polymer gel with an immobilized enzyme to measure L-glutamate. Anal Biochem 1987; 161:187-99. [PMID: 2883910 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(87)90671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is used in an enzyme electrode to measure L-glutamate. GDH is covalently immobilized in a hydrophilic, permeable, and semirigid gel produced by the copolymerization of polyacrylamide and N-acryloxysuccinimide. Experimental conditions necessary to retain GDH in the gel with high efficiency and minimum denaturation are optimized. The abilities of enzymatic cofactors and coenzymes, NADH, NAD, ATP, ADP, GTP, and ZnCl2, to protect the enzyme during immobilization are explored. Under optimum experimental procedures an enzyme-containing gel is produced that is reproducible and long lasting in its functional behavior. The gel responds to the presence of L-glutamate with high velocity, the delay being less than 500 ms; high specificity, being 1000-fold more responsive to L-glutamate than D-glutamate, D- or L-aspartate, and N-acetylhistidine; and high sensitivity, a concentration of about 3 microM can be measured.
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Goldenring JR, Lasher RS, Vallano ML, Ueda T, Naito S, Sternberger NH, Sternberger LA, DeLorenzo RJ. Association of synapsin I with neuronal cytoskeleton. Identification in cytoskeletal preparations in vitro and immunocytochemical localization in brain of synapsin I. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)83938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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47
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Schnaar RL, Langer BG, Brandley BK. Reversible covalent immobilization of ligands and proteins on polyacrylamide gels. Anal Biochem 1985; 151:268-81. [PMID: 4096367 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(85)90175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ligands and proteins were covalently but reversibly immobilized on polyacrylamide gels using novel acrylic monomers whose syntheses are reported here. These reagents have an acrylyl group at one end for copolymerization into gels, an N-succinimidyl ester at the other allowing rapid immobilization of molecules having an available primary amino group, and a cleavable disulfide bond in the middle. Two immobilization methods were developed using these reagents. In the first method, a ligand with a primary amino group was treated with the immobilization reagent in anhydrous ethanol and the resulting amide derivative was purified and copolymerized with acrylamide and bisacrylamide resulting in the desired reversible immobilization. In the second method, the immobilization reagents (at densities up to 50 mumol/ml) were directly copolymerized with acrylamide and bisacrylamide to form activated gels of the desired shape and porosity. Proteins or other ligands in aqueous buffers were then added to the activated gels resulting in their covalent immobilization. Ligands or proteins immobilized using the methods reported here remained stably bound even when gels were subjected to boiling in detergents or high-ionic-strength buffers. Immobilized ligands were readily released (greater than 97%) from gels by treatment with quantitative amounts of aqueous dithiothreitol (DTT) under mild conditions. Immobilized proteins were also released (up to 87%) from the gels by DTT treatment. Small ligands (e.g., aminohexyl glycosides), active enzymes, and glycoproteins were immobilized, and then recovered, using these reagents.
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Sherrington DC. Preparation, modification and characterisation of polymer-supported species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4980160403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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50
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Abstract
Specific cell-cell recognition and adhesion may involve cell surface glycoconjugates on one cell binding the complementary carbohydrate receptors on an apposing cell surface. Such interactions have been modeled by immobilizing simple synthetic glycosides, glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans, and glycolipids on otherwise inert plastic surfaces and incubating them with intact cells. Using this approach, the ability of several cell types to recognize specific carbohydrates has been demonstrated. This carbohydrate-directed cell adhesion may depend on cell surface carbohydrate receptors which mediate both the initial specific adhesion and complex postrecognition cellular responses. While the relationship of the cell adhesion demonstrated here to cell-cell recognition in vivo has yet to be determined, this well-controlled biochemical approach may reveal new information on the way in which cells analyze and respond to their immediate external environment.
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