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Alwarawrah M, Wereszczynski J. Investigation of the Effect of Bilayer Composition on PKCα-C2 Domain Docking Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2016; 121:78-88. [PMID: 27997184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b10188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase Cα (PKCα) enzyme is a member of a broad family of serine/threonine kinases, which are involved in varied cellular signaling pathways. The initial step of PKCα activation involves the C2 subunit docking with the cell membrane, which is followed by interactions of the C1 domains with diacylglycerol (DAG) in the membrane. Notably, the molecular mechanisms of these interactions remain poorly understood, especially what effects, if any, DAG may have on the initial C2 docking. To further understand this process, we have performed a series of conventional molecular dynamics simulations to systematically investigate the interaction between PKCα-C2 domains and lipid bilayers with different compositions to examine the effects of POPS, PIP2, and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol (POG) on domain docking. Our results show that the PKCα-C2 domain does not interact with the bilayer surface in the absence of POPS and PIP2. In contrast, the inclusion of POPS and PIP2 to the bilayer resulted in strong domain docking in both perpendicular and parallel orientations, whereas the further inclusion of POG resulted in only parallel domain docking. In addition, lysine residues in the C2 domain formed hydrogen bonds with PIP2 molecule bilayers containing POG. These effects were further explored with umbrella sampling calculations to estimate the free energy of domain docking to the lipid bilayer in the presence of one or two PIP2 molecules. The results show that the binding of one or two PIP2 molecules is thermodynamically favorable, although stronger in bilayers lacking POG. However, in POG-containing bilayers, the binding mode of the C2 domain appears to be more flexible, which may have implications for activation of full-length PKCα. Together, our results shed new insights into the process of C2 bilayer binding and suggest new mechanisms for the roles of different phospholipids in the activation process of PKCα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alwarawrah
- Department of Physics and Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter, Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago 60616, Illinois, United States
| | - Jeff Wereszczynski
- Department of Physics and Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter, Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago 60616, Illinois, United States
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Alwarawrah M, Hussain F, Huang J. Alteration of lipid membrane structure and dynamics by diacylglycerols with unsaturated chains. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1858:253-63. [PMID: 26607007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerols (DAGs) with unsaturated acyl chains play many important roles in biomembranes, such as a second messenger and activator for protein kinase C. In this study, three DAGs of distinctly different chain unsaturations (i.e. di16:0DAG (DPG), 16:0-18:1DAG (POG), and di18:1DAG (DOG)) are studied using atomistic MD simulation to compare their roles in the structure and dynamics of 16:0-18:1phosphatidylcholine (POPC) membranes. All three DAGs are able to produce the so-called 'condensing effect' in POPC membranes: decreasing area-per-lipid, and increasing acyl chain order and bilayer thickness. Our visual and quantitative analyses clearly show that DAG with unsaturated chains induce larger spacing between POPC headgroups, compared with DAG with saturated chains; this particular effect has long been hypothesized to be crucial for activating enzymes and receptors in cell membranes. DAGs with unsaturated chains are also located closer to the bilayer/aqueous interface than DPG and are more effective in slowing down lateral diffusion of molecules. We show that DAG molecules seek the "umbrella coverage" from neighboring phospholipid headgroups - similar to cholesterol. Unlike cholesterol, DAGs also hide their chains from water by laterally inserting their chains into the surrounding. Thus, acyl chains of DAG are more spread and disordered than those of PC due to the insertion. By calculating the potential of mean force (PMF) for POPC in POPC/DAG bilayers, we found that all three DAGs can significantly increase the free energy barrier for POPC to flip-flop, but only DAGs with unsaturated chains can additionally increase the free energy of POPC desorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alwarawrah
- Department of Physics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Fazle Hussain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Juyang Huang
- Department of Physics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States.
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King BS, Lu L, Yu M, Jiang Y, Standard J, Su X, Zhao Z, Wang W. Lipidomic profiling of di- and tri-acylglycerol species in weight-controlled mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116398. [PMID: 25706122 PMCID: PMC4337902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Weight control by dietary calorie restriction (DCR) or exercise has been shown to prevent cancer in various models. However, the mechanisms as to how weight control is beneficial are not well understood. While previous reports have investigated the effects of weight control on total lipid levels or lipid composition within cellular membranes, there has been little work surrounding changes to individual lipids following weight control interventions. In this study, using a model of skin carcinogenesis centered on the tumor promotion stage, CD-1 mice were randomly assigned into 4 groups: ad libitum and sedentary (control), ad libitum with exercise (AL+Exe), exercise with pair feeding of a diet isocaloric with control (PF+Exe), and sedentary with 20% DCR compared to control. After ten weeks, body weight and body fat percentages significantly decreased in the PF+Exe and DCR groups but not AL+Exe when compared with sedentary controls. Murine skin and plasma samples were obtained for analysis. Lipidomics using electrospray ionization MS/MS was employed to profile triacylglycerol (TG) and diacylglycerol (DG) species. Both plasma and tissue TG species containing fatty acid chains with length 18:1 were significantly decreased following DCR when compared to sedentary control animals. In regards to DG, the most significant changes occurred in the plasma. DG species containing fatty acids with lengths 16:1 or 18:1 were significantly decreased in PF+Exe and DCR groups when compared to sedentary controls. Due to the significant role of TG in energy storage and DG in cellular signaling, our findings of the effects of weight control on individual TG and DG species in plasma and skin tissue following exposure to a tumor promoter, may provide insight into the mechanism of weight control on cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenee S. King
- Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States of America
| | - Lizhi Lu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States of America
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States of America
| | - Joseph Standard
- Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyu Su
- Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States of America
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mamidi N, Panda S, Borah R, Manna D. Synthesis and protein kinase C (PKC)-C1 domain binding properties of diacyltetrol based anionic lipids. MOL. BIOSYST. 2014; 10:3002-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00382a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C-C1 domain binding specificity of the anionic hybrid lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narsimha Mamidi
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Assam 781039, India
| | - Subhankar Panda
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Assam 781039, India
| | - Rituparna Borah
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Assam 781039, India
| | - Debasis Manna
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Assam 781039, India
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Sánchez-Bautista S, Corbalán-García S, Pérez-Lara A, Gómez-Fernández JC. A comparison of the membrane binding properties of C1B domains of PKCgamma, PKCdelta, and PKCepsilon. Biophys J 2009; 96:3638-47. [PMID: 19413969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The C1 domains of classical and novel PKCs mediate their diacylglycerol-dependent translocation. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer, we studied the contribution of different negatively charged phospholipids and diacylglycerols to membrane binding. Three different C1B domains of PKCs were studied (the classical gamma, and the novel delta and epsilon), together with different lipid mixtures containing three types of acidic phospholipids and three types of activating diacylglycerols. The results show that C1Bgamma and C1Bepsilon exhibit a higher affinity to bind to vesicles containing 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-phosphatidic acid, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-phoshatidylserine, or 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-phosphatidylglycerol, with C1Bepsilon being the most relevant case because its affinity for POPA-containing vesicles increased by almost two orders of magnitude. When the effect of the diacylglycerol fatty acid composition on membrane binding was studied, the C1Bepsilon domain showed the highest binding affinity to membranes containing 1-stearoyl-oleoyl-sn-glycerol or 1,2-sn-dioleoylglycerol with POPA as the acidic phospholipid. Of the three diacylglycerols used in this study, 1,2-sn-dioleoylglycerol and 1-stearoyl-oleoyl-sn-glycerol showed the highest affinities for each isoenzyme, whereas 1,2-sn-dipalmitoylglycerol; showed the lowest affinity. DSC experiments showed this to be a consequence of the nonfluid conditions of 1,2-sn-dipalmitoylglycerol;-containing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sánchez-Bautista
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, E-30080-Murcia, Spain
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Torrecillas A, Martínez-Senac MM, Ausili A, Corbalán-García S, Gómez-Fernández JC. Interaction of the C-terminal domain of Bcl-2 family proteins with model membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2007; 1768:2931-9. [PMID: 17905195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2007] [Revised: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2 family proteins are involved in the cell homeostasis by regulating programmed cell death. Some of these proteins promote apoptosis, while others inhibit the same process. The C-terminal hydrophobic domain of some of these proteins is predicted to be involved in anchoring them to a variety of cell membranes, such as mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membranes. We have used five synthetic peptides imitating the C-terminal domain from both anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) and pro-apoptotic members (Bak, Bax, and two mutants of this last protein) of this family to study their interaction with model membranes. Some differences were detected in the interaction with these peptides. The addition of all the peptides to large unilamellar vesicles destabilized them and released encapsulated carboxyfluorescein to different degrees, so that fluidity and the increase in negative curvature favoured the extent in the release of carboxyfluorescein. Bcl-2-C and Bax-C peptides produced the highest release levels in most cases, while BaxS184K-C was the least efficient in this respect. These results indicate that these C-terminal domains are able to insert themselves in the membranes, each in a different way that is probably related with their different way which can be related to their differing locations within the cell and their different roles in regulating apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Torrecillas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular (A), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Apartado de Correos 4021, E-30080, Murcia, Spain
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Gómez-Fernández JC, Corbalán-García S. Diacylglycerols, multivalent membrane modulators. Chem Phys Lipids 2007; 148:1-25. [PMID: 17560968 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerols are second messengers confined to biomembranes and, although relatively simple molecules from the structural point of view, they are able of triggering a surprisingly wide range of biological responses. Diacylglycerols are recognized by a well conserved protein motif, such as the C1 domain. This domain was observed for the first time in protein kinases C but is now known to be present in many other proteins. The effect of diacylglycerols is not limited to binding to C1 domains and they are able to alter the biophysical properties of biomembranes and hence modulate the activity of membrane associated proteins and also facilitate some processes like membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Gómez-Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular (A), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Apartado de Correos 4021, Murcia, Spain.
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Corbalán-García S, Gómez-Fernández JC. Protein kinase C regulatory domains: the art of decoding many different signals in membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2006; 1761:633-54. [PMID: 16809062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2006.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Revised: 04/27/2006] [Accepted: 04/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a member of a family of Ser/Thr phosphotransferases that are involved in many cellular signaling pathways. These enzymes possess two regulatory domains, C1 and C2, that are the targets of different second messengers. The purpose of this review is to describe in molecular terms the diverse mechanisms of activation of PKCs in the light of very significant advances made in this field over recent years. The role of some critical amino acid residues concerning activation of the enzymes and their location within known structures of isolated domains will be presented. For example, the recently deduced 3D structures of the C2 domains show that these domains can additionally act as PtdIns(4,5)P(2)-binding or phosphotyrosine-binding modules depending on the isoenzyme. All these capacities to play different roles in the cell wide web of signals underline the notion that we are dealing with a multifunctional family of enzymes which, after 30 years of investigation, we are just beginning to understand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senena Corbalán-García
- Dpto. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Apdo. 4021, E-30100 Murcia, Spain.
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