1
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Im JK, Seo DH, Yu JS, Yoo SH. Efficient and novel biosynthesis of myricetin α-triglucoside with improved solubility using amylosucrase from Deinococcus deserti. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133205. [PMID: 38885871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Although myricetin (3,3',4',5,5',7-hexahydroxyflavone, MYR) has a high antioxidant capacity and health functions, its use as a functional food material is limited owing to its low stability and water solubility. Amylosucrase (ASase) is capable of biosynthesizing flavonol α-glycoside using flavonols as acceptor molecules and sucrose as a donor molecule. Here, ASase from Deinococcus deserti (DdAS) efficiently biosynthesizes a novel MYR α-triglucoside (MYRαG3) using MYR as the acceptor molecule. Comparative homology analysis and computational simulation revealed that DdAS has a different active pocket for the transglycosylation reaction. DdAS produced MYRαG3 with a conversion efficiency of 67.4 % using 10 mM MYR and 50 mM sucrose as acceptor and donor molecules, respectively. The structure of MYRαG3 was identified as MYR 4'-O-4″,6″-tri-O-α-D-glucopyranoside using NMR and LC-MS. In silico analysis confirmed that DdAS has a distinct active pocket compared to other ASases. In addition, molecular docking simulations predicted the synthetic sequence of MYRαG3. Furthermore, MYRαG3 showed a similar DPPH radical scavenging activity of 49 %, comparable to MYR, but with significantly higher water solubility, which increased from 0.03 μg/mL to 511.5 mg/mL. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the efficient biosynthesis of a novel MYRαG3 using DdAS and highlighted the potential of MYRαG3 as a functional material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong-Ki Im
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Seo
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sik Yu
- Department of Integrative Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Cifuente JO, Colleoni C, Kalscheuer R, Guerin ME. Architecture, Function, Regulation, and Evolution of α-Glucans Metabolic Enzymes in Prokaryotes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4863-4934. [PMID: 38606812 PMCID: PMC11046441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria have acquired sophisticated mechanisms for assembling and disassembling polysaccharides of different chemistry. α-d-Glucose homopolysaccharides, so-called α-glucans, are the most widespread polymers in nature being key components of microorganisms. Glycogen functions as an intracellular energy storage while some bacteria also produce extracellular assorted α-glucans. The classical bacterial glycogen metabolic pathway comprises the action of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and glycogen synthase, whereas extracellular α-glucans are mostly related to peripheral enzymes dependent on sucrose. An alternative pathway of glycogen biosynthesis, operating via a maltose 1-phosphate polymerizing enzyme, displays an essential wiring with the trehalose metabolism to interconvert disaccharides into polysaccharides. Furthermore, some bacteria show a connection of intracellular glycogen metabolism with the genesis of extracellular capsular α-glucans, revealing a relationship between the storage and structural function of these compounds. Altogether, the current picture shows that bacteria have evolved an intricate α-glucan metabolism that ultimately relies on the evolution of a specific enzymatic machinery. The structural landscape of these enzymes exposes a limited number of core catalytic folds handling many different chemical reactions. In this Review, we present a rationale to explain how the chemical diversity of α-glucans emerged from these systems, highlighting the underlying structural evolution of the enzymes driving α-glucan bacterial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier O. Cifuente
- Instituto
Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of
the Basque Country, E-48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Christophe Colleoni
- University
of Lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF -Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale
et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rainer Kalscheuer
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcelo E. Guerin
- Structural
Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), Spanish
National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona Science Park, c/Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Tower R, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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3
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Wangpaiboon K, Laohawuttichai P, Kim SY, Mori T, Nakapong S, Pichyangkura R, Pongsawasdi P, Hakoshima T, Krusong K. A GH13 α-glucosidase from Weissella cibaria uncommonly acts on short-chain maltooligosaccharides. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 77:1064-1076. [PMID: 34342279 DOI: 10.1107/s205979832100677x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
α-Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) is a carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzyme which generally cleaves α-1,4-glycosidic bonds of oligosaccharides and starch from the nonreducing ends. In this study, the novel α-glucosidase from Weissella cibaria BBK-1 (WcAG) was biochemically and structurally characterized. WcAG belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 13 (GH13) and to the neopullanase subfamily. It exhibits distinct hydrolytic activity towards the α-1,4 linkages of short-chain oligosaccharides from the reducing end. The enzyme prefers to hydrolyse maltotriose and acarbose, while it cannot hydrolyse cyclic oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. In addition, WcAG can cleave pullulan hydrolysates and strongly exhibits transglycosylation activity in the presence of maltose. Size-exclusion chromatography and X-ray crystal structures revealed that WcAG forms a homodimer in which the N-terminal domain of one monomer is orientated in proximity to the catalytic domain of another, creating the substrate-binding groove. Crystal structures of WcAG in complexes with maltose, maltotriose and acarbose revealed a remarkable enzyme active site with accessible +2, +1 and -1 subsites, along with an Arg-Glu gate (Arg176-Glu296) in front of the active site. The -2 and -3 subsites were blocked by Met119 and Asn120 from the N-terminal domain of a different subunit, resulting in an extremely restricted substrate preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Wangpaiboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pasunee Laohawuttichai
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sun Yong Kim
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Mori
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Santhana Nakapong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Piamsook Pongsawasdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Toshio Hakoshima
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kuakarun Krusong
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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4
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Wangpaiboon K, Sitthiyotha T, Chunsrivirot S, Charoenwongpaiboon T, Pichyangkura R. Unravelling Regioselectivity of Leuconostoc citreum ABK-1 Alternansucrase by Acceptor Site Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3229. [PMID: 33810084 PMCID: PMC8005217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternansucrase (ALT, EC 2.4.1.140) is a glucansucrase that can generate α-(1,3/1,6)-linked glucan from sucrose. Previously, the crystal structure of the first alternansucrase from Leuconostoc citreum NRRL B-1355 was successfully elucidated; it showed that alternansucrase might have two acceptor subsites (W675 and W543) responsible for the formation of alternating linked glucan. This work aimed to investigate the primary acceptor subsite (W675) by saturated mutagenesis using Leuconostoc citreum ABK-1 alternansucrase (LcALT). The substitution of other residues led to loss of overall activity, and formation of an alternan polymer with a nanoglucan was maintained when W675 was replaced with other aromatic residues. Conversely, substitution by nonaromatic residues led to the synthesis of oligosaccharides. Mutations at W675 could potentially cause LcALT to lose control of the acceptor molecule binding via maltose-acceptor reaction-as demonstrated by results from molecular dynamics simulations of the W675A variant. The formation of α-(1,2), α-(1,3), α-(1,4), and α-(1,6) linkages were detected from products of the W675A mutant. In contrast, the wild-type enzyme strictly synthesized α-(1,6) linkage on the maltose acceptor. This study examined the importance of W675 for transglycosylation, processivity, and regioselectivity of glucansucrases. Engineering glucansucrase active sites is one of the essential approaches to green tools for carbohydrate modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Wangpaiboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Thassanai Sitthiyotha
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Surasak Chunsrivirot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.W.); (S.C.)
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | | | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (K.W.); (S.C.)
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5
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Rha CS, Kim HG, Baek NI, Kim DO, Park CS. Using Amylosucrase for the Controlled Synthesis of Novel Isoquercitrin Glycosides with Different Glycosidic Linkages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13798-13805. [PMID: 33175543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many attempts have been made to obtain natural products with certain glycosidic linkages for improvement of their chemo-physical characteristics. Amylosucrase from Deinococcus geothermalis (DGAS; EC.4.2.1.4) is able to transglycosylate natural products. A model compound, isoquercitrin (IQ; quercetin-3-O-glucoside), was employed for producing new IQ glucosides (IQ-Gs). Treatment of IQ with DGAS produced monoglucoside (IQ-G1'), diglucosides (IQ-G2' and IQ-G2″), and triglucoside (IQ-G3). Structural analysis by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry revealed that three of the four IQ-Gs were unreported new compounds possessing α-1,2-, α-1,4-, and/or α-1,6-glucosidic linkages at the 3-O-glucosyl moiety of IQ. IQ-G2' and IQ-G3 were dominantly produced at pH 5.0 and 7.2 and 1500 and 100 mM sucrose, respectively (yields of total IQ-Gs: 50-97%). Kinetic studies indicated that the production rate was dependent on buffer/pH and sucrose concentration. The diverse transglycosylations were verified with a molecular docking simulation. This study sheds light on methods for simple glycodiversification of natural products using DGAS, which can synthesize diversely branched glycosides by modulating reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Su Rha
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Geun Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheon-Seok Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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6
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Rha CS, Kim HG, Baek NI, Kim DO, Park CS. Amylosucrase from Deinococcus geothermalis can be modulated under different reaction conditions to produce novel quercetin 4'-O-α-d-isomaltoside. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 141:109648. [PMID: 33051009 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Amylosucrase (ASase, EC.4.2.1.4) is well-known for its distinguishable property of transglycosylation of many flavonoids and phenolics. Quercetin has diverse biological functions, however, its use is limited due to poor solubility and bioavailability. ASase derived from Deinococcus geothermalis (DGAS) showed conditional preference for producing unusual quercetin glucosides (QGs). DGAS produced a variety of QGs including quercetin monoglucosides (QG1), diglucosides (QG2 and QG2'), and triglucoside from quercetin and sucrose. The newly synthesized QG2' was recognized as a novel quercetin isomaltoside with an α-1,6 linkage branched at the -OH of C4' in quercetin by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. With a higher conversion yield from quercetin to QGs (60-92%), the optimum conditions for producing QG2' were examined under various pH and sucrose concentrations by response surface methodology. QG2' was predominantly produced under acidic conditions (pH 5.0) and at high sucrose concentrations (1000-1500 mM). In contrast, QG1 was generated as an intermediate of consecutive glycosylation. Kinetic evaluations indicated that considerable differences of transglycosylation velocities were caused by the pH and buffer salts of the reaction, which had a 3.9-fold higher overall performance (kcat/K'm) of generating QG2' at pH 5 compared to at pH 7. A rationale of unusual transglycosylations was demonstrated with a molecular docking simulation. Taken together, our study demonstrated that ASase can be used to synthesize unusually branched flavonoid glycosides from flavonol aglycones with clear patterns by modulating reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Su Rha
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Geun Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheon-Seok Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Structure-function analysis of silkworm sucrose hydrolase uncovers the mechanism of substrate specificity in GH13 subfamily 17 exo-α-glucosidases. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8784-8797. [PMID: 32381508 PMCID: PMC7324511 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The domestic silkworm Bombyx mori expresses two sucrose-hydrolyzing enzymes, BmSUH and BmSUC1, belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 13 subfamily 17 (GH13_17) and GH32, respectively. BmSUH has little activity on maltooligosaccharides, whereas other insect GH13_17 α-glucosidases are active on sucrose and maltooligosaccharides. Little is currently known about the structural mechanisms and substrate specificity of GH13_17 enzymes. In this study, we examined the crystal structures of BmSUH without ligands; in complexes with substrates, products, and inhibitors; and complexed with its covalent intermediate at 1.60-1.85 Å resolutions. These structures revealed that the conformations of amino acid residues around subsite -1 are notably different at each step of the hydrolytic reaction. Such changes have not been previously reported among GH13 enzymes, including exo- and endo-acting hydrolases, such as α-glucosidases and α-amylases. Amino acid residues at subsite +1 are not conserved in BmSUH and other GH13_17 α-glucosidases, but subsite -1 residues are absolutely conserved. Substitutions in three subsite +1 residues, Gln191, Tyr251, and Glu440, decreased sucrose hydrolysis and increased maltase activity of BmSUH, indicating that these residues are key for determining its substrate specificity. These results provide detailed insights into structure-function relationships in GH13 enzymes and into the molecular evolution of insect GH13_17 α-glucosidases.
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8
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Seo DH, Yoo SH, Choi SJ, Kim YR, Park CS. Versatile biotechnological applications of amylosucrase, a novel glucosyltransferase. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1-16. [PMID: 31976122 PMCID: PMC6949346 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00686-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amylosucrase (AS; EC 2.4.1.4) is an enzyme that has great potential in the biotechnology and food industries, due to its multifunctional enzyme activities. It can synthesize α-1,4-glucans, like amylose, from sucrose as a sole substrate, but importantly, it can also utilize various other molecules as acceptors. In addition, AS produces sucrose isomers such as turanose and trehalulose. It also efficiently synthesizes modified starch with increased ratios of slow digestive starch and resistant starch, and glucosylated functional compounds with increased water solubility and stability. Furthermore, AS produces turnaose more efficiently than other carbohydrate-active enzymes. Amylose synthesized by AS forms microparticles and these can be utilized as biocompatible materials with various bio-applications, including drug delivery, chromatography, and bioanalytical sciences. This review not only compares the gene and enzyme characteristics of microbial AS, studied to date, but also focuses on the applications of AS in the biotechnology and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Seo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jun Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Rok Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheon-Seok Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
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Rha CS, Kim ER, Kim YJ, Jung YS, Kim DO, Park CS. Simple and Efficient Production of Highly Soluble Daidzin Glycosides by Amylosucrase from Deinococcus geothermalis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12824-12832. [PMID: 31650839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transglycosylation of amylosucrase from Deinococcus geothermalis (DGAS) was performed using daidzin (daidzein-7-O-glucoside). Unlike cyclodextrin glucanotransferase, DGAS led to the production of new daidzin glucosides with high conversion yields (89%). Structures of these daidzin glucosides (i.e., DA2 and DA3) were daidzein-7-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(4 → 1)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (daidzin-4″-O-α-d-glucopyranoside) and daidzein-4'-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-7-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (daidzin-4',4″-O-α-d-diglucopyranoside), respectively. DA2 and DA3 showed increased solubility of 15.4 mM (127-fold) and 203.3 mM (1686-fold) compared with daidzin, respectively. Kinetic studies revealed Vmax of 1.0 μM/min and K'm of 175 μM for DA3 production based on nonlinear regression. DGAS exhibited substrate inhibition behavior at high sucrose concentrations (700-1500 mM). Taken together, these findings indicate that DGAS can attach a glucose unit to a free C4'-OH via an α-linkage and then produce highly water-soluble isoflavone glycosides with a simple donor, moderate reaction conditions, less waste production, and high yield compared with that observed using the existing processes and enzymes.
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10
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Site-specific α-glycosylation of hydroxyflavones and hydroxyflavanones by amylosucrase from Deinococcus geothermalis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 129:109361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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11
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Structural basis of glycogen metabolism in bacteria. Biochem J 2019; 476:2059-2092. [PMID: 31366571 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of metabolic pathways is a major force behind natural selection. In the spotlight of such process lies the structural evolution of the enzymatic machinery responsible for the central energy metabolism. Specifically, glycogen metabolism has emerged to allow organisms to save available environmental surplus of carbon and energy, using dedicated glucose polymers as a storage compartment that can be mobilized at future demand. The origins of such adaptive advantage rely on the acquisition of an enzymatic system for the biosynthesis and degradation of glycogen, along with mechanisms to balance the assembly and disassembly rate of this polysaccharide, in order to store and recover glucose according to cell energy needs. The first step in the classical bacterial glycogen biosynthetic pathway is carried out by the adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-glucose pyrophosphorylase. This allosteric enzyme synthesizes ADP-glucose and acts as a point of regulation. The second step is carried out by the glycogen synthase, an enzyme that generates linear α-(1→4)-linked glucose chains, whereas the third step catalyzed by the branching enzyme produces α-(1→6)-linked glucan branches in the polymer. Two enzymes facilitate glycogen degradation: glycogen phosphorylase, which functions as an α-(1→4)-depolymerizing enzyme, and the debranching enzyme that catalyzes the removal of α-(1→6)-linked ramifications. In this work, we rationalize the structural basis of glycogen metabolism in bacteria to the light of the current knowledge. We describe and discuss the remarkable progress made in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of substrate recognition and product release, allosteric regulation and catalysis of all those enzymes.
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12
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Alonso-Gil S, Coines J, André I, Rovira C. Conformational Itinerary of Sucrose During Hydrolysis by Retaining Amylosucrase. Front Chem 2019; 7:269. [PMID: 31114783 PMCID: PMC6502901 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
By means of QM(DFT)/MM metadynamics we have unraveled the hydrolytic reaction mechanism of Neisseria polysaccharea amylosucrase (NpAS), a member of GH13 family. Our results provide an atomistic picture of the active site reorganization along the catalytic double-displacement reaction, clarifying whether the glycosyl-enzyme reaction intermediate features an α-glucosyl unit in an undistorted 4C1 conformation, as inferred from structural studies, or a distorted 1S3-like conformation, as expected from mechanistic analysis of glycoside hydrolases (GHs). We show that, even though the first step of the reaction (glycosylation) results in a 4C1 conformation, the α-glucosyl unit undergoes an easy conformational change toward a distorted conformation as the active site preorganizes for the forthcoming reaction step (deglycosylation), in which an acceptor molecule, i.e., a water molecule for the hydrolytic reaction, performs a nucleophilic attack on the anomeric carbon. The two conformations (4C1 ad E3) can be viewed as two different states of the glycosyl-enzyme intermediate (GEI), but only the E3 state is preactivated for catalysis. These results are consistent with the general conformational itinerary observed for α-glucosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Alonso-Gil
- Departament de Quimica Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Quimica Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Coines
- Departament de Quimica Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Quimica Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabelle André
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Carme Rovira
- Departament de Quimica Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica) and Institut de Quimica Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Kim KT, Rha CS, Jung YS, Kim YJ, Jung DH, Seo DH, Park CS. Comparative study on amylosucrases derived from Deinococcus species and catalytic characterization and use of amylosucrase derived from Deinococcus wulumuqiensis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/amylase-2019-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Amylosucrase (ASase; EC 2.4.1.4), a versatile enzyme, exhibits three characteristic activities: hydrolysis, isomerization, and transglycosylation. In this study, a novel ASase derived from Deinococcus wulumuquiensis (DWAS) was identified and expressed in Escherichia coli. The optimal reaction temperature and pH for the sucrose hydrolysis activity of DWAS were determined to be 45 °C and 9.0, respectively. DWAS displays relatively high thermostability compared with other ASases, as demonstrated by half-life of 96.7 and 4.7 min at 50 °C and 55 °C, respectively. DWAS fused with 6×His was successfully purified to apparent homogeneity with a molecular mass of approximately 72 kDa by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and confirmed by SDS-PAGE. DWAS transglycosylation activity can be used to modify isovitexin, a representative flavone C-glucoside contained in buckwheat sprouts to increase its limited bioavailability, which is due to its low absorption rate and unstable structure in the human body. Using isovitexin as a substrate, the major transglycosylation product of DWAS was found to be isovitexin monoglucoside. The comparison of transglycosylation reaction products of DWAS with those of other ASases derived from Deinococcus species revealed that the low sequence homology of loop 8 in ASases may affect the acceptor specificity of ASases and result in a distinctive acceptor specificity of DWAS.
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Gangoiti J, Corwin SF, Lamothe LM, Vafiadi C, Hamaker BR, Dijkhuizen L. Synthesis of novel α-glucans with potential health benefits through controlled glucose release in the human gastrointestinal tract. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:123-146. [PMID: 30525940 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1516621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The glycemic carbohydrates we consume are currently viewed in an unfavorable light in both the consumer and medical research worlds. In significant part, these carbohydrates, mainly starch and sucrose, are looked upon negatively due to their rapid and abrupt glucose delivery to the body which causes a high glycemic response. However, dietary carbohydrates which are digested and release glucose in a slow manner are recognized as providing health benefits. Slow digestion of glycemic carbohydrates can be caused by several factors, including food matrix effect which impedes α-amylase access to substrate, or partial inhibition by plant secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds. Differences in digestion rate of these carbohydrates may also be due to their specific structures (e.g. variations in degree of branching and/or glycosidic linkages present). In recent years, much has been learned about the synthesis and digestion kinetics of novel α-glucans (i.e. small oligosaccharides or larger polysaccharides based on glucose units linked in different positions by α-bonds). It is the synthesis and digestion of such structures that is the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gangoiti
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah F Corwin
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Lisa M Lamothe
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Bruce R Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Miao M, Jiang B, Jin Z, BeMiller JN. Microbial Starch-Converting Enzymes: Recent Insights and Perspectives. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1238-1260. [PMID: 33350152 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology; Jiangnan Univ.; 1800 Lihu Ave. Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology; Jiangnan Univ.; 1800 Lihu Ave. Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology; Jiangnan Univ.; 1800 Lihu Ave. Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
| | - James N. BeMiller
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology; Jiangnan Univ.; 1800 Lihu Ave. Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
- Dept. of Food Science; Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue Univ.; 745 Agriculture Mall Drive West Lafayette IN 47907-2009 U.S.A
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Shukla S, Verma AK, Kajala I, Nyyssolä A, Baruah R, Katina K, Juvonen R, Tenkanen M, Goyal A. Structure modeling and functional analysis of recombinant dextransucrase from Weissella confusa Cab3 expressed in Lactococcus lactis. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 46:822-832. [PMID: 26861959 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2016.1141299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The dextransucrase gene from Weissella confusa Cab3, having an open reading frame of 4.2 kb coding for 1,402 amino acids, was amplified, cloned, and expressed in Lactococcus lactis. The recombinant dextransucrase, WcCab3-rDSR was expressed as extracellular enzyme in M17 medium with a specific activity of 1.5 U/mg which after purification by PEG-400 fractionation gave 6.1 U/mg resulting in 4-fold purification. WcCab3-rDSR was expressed as soluble and homogeneous protein of molecular mass, approximately, 180 kDa as analyzed by SDS-PAGE. It displayed maximum enzyme activity at 35°C at pH 5.0 in 50 mM sodium acetate buffer. WcCab3-rDSR gave Km of 6.2 mM and Vm of 6.3 µmol/min/mg. The characterization of dextran synthesized by WcCab3-rDSR by Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses revealed the structural similarities with the dextran produced by the native dextransucrase. The modeled structure of WcCab3-rDSR using the crystal structures of dextransucrase from Lactobacillus reuteri (protein data bank, PDB id: 3HZ3) and Streptococcus mutans (PDB id: 3AIB) as templates depicted the presence of different domains such as A, B, C, IV, and V. The domains A and B are circularly permuted in nature having (β/α)8 triose phosphate isomerase-barrel fold making the catalytic core of WcCab3-rDSR. The structure superposition and multiple sequence alignment analyses of WcCab3-rDSR with available structures of enzymes from family 70 GH suggested that the amino acid residue Asp510 acts as a nucleophile, Glu548 acts as a catalytic acid/base, whereas Asp621 acts as a transition-state stabilizer and these residues are found to be conserved within the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Shukla
- a Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , Assam , India
| | - Anil Kumar Verma
- a Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , Assam , India
| | - Ilkka Kajala
- b VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , Espoo , Finland
| | - Antti Nyyssolä
- b VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , Espoo , Finland
| | - Rwivoo Baruah
- a Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , Assam , India
| | - Kati Katina
- b VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , Espoo , Finland.,c Department of Food and Environmental Sciences , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Riikka Juvonen
- b VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , Espoo , Finland
| | - Maija Tenkanen
- c Department of Food and Environmental Sciences , University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Arun Goyal
- a Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , Assam , India
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Vergès A, Barbe S, Cambon E, Moulis C, Tranier S, Remaud-Siméon M, André I. Engineering of anp efficient mutant of Neisseria polysaccharea amylosucrase for the synthesis of controlled size maltooligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 173:403-411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Flavanone and isoflavone glucosylation by non-Leloir glycosyltransferases. J Biotechnol 2016; 233:121-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Moulis C, André I, Remaud-Simeon M. GH13 amylosucrases and GH70 branching sucrases, atypical enzymes in their respective families. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2661-79. [PMID: 27141938 PMCID: PMC11108324 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2244-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Amylosucrases and branching sucrases are α-retaining transglucosylases found in the glycoside-hydrolase families 13 and 70, respectively, of the clan GH-H. These enzymes display unique activities in their respective families. Using sucrose as substrate and without mediation of nucleotide-activated sugars, amylosucrase catalyzes the formation of an α-(1 → 4) linked glucan that resembles amylose. In contrast, the recently discovered branching sucrases are unable to catalyze polymerization of glucosyl units as they are rather specific for dextran branching through α-(1 → 2) or α-(1 → 3) branching linkages depending on the enzyme regiospecificity. In addition, GH13 amylosucrases and GH70 branching sucrases are naturally promiscuous and can glucosylate different types of acceptor molecules including sugars, polyols, or flavonoids. Amylosucrases have been the most investigated glucansucrases, in particular to control product profiles or to successfully develop tailored α-transglucosylases able to glucosylate various molecules of interest, for example, chemically protected carbohydrates that are planned to enter in chemoenzymatic pathways. The structural traits of these atypical enzymes will be described and compared, and an overview of the potential of natural or engineered enzymes for glycodiversification and chemoenzymatic synthesis will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Moulis
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, 31400, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle André
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, 31400, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Magali Remaud-Simeon
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France.
- CNRS, UMR5504, 31400, Toulouse, France.
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, 31400, Toulouse, France.
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Caner S, Zhang X, Jiang J, Chen H, Nguyen NT, Overkleeft H, Brayer GD, Withers SG. Glucosyl epi‐cyclophellitol allows mechanism‐based inactivation and structural analysis of human pancreatic α‐amylase. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:1143-51. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Caner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Jianbing Jiang
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University The Netherlands
| | - Hong‐Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Nham T. Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | | | - Gary D. Brayer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Stephen G. Withers
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
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21
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Lin MG, Chi MC, Naveen V, Li YC, Lin LL, Hsiao CD. Bacillus licheniformistrehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase structures suggest keys to substrate specificity. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 72:59-70. [DOI: 10.1107/s2059798315020756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase (TreA) belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 13 (GH13) and catalyzes the hydrolysis of trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) to yield glucose and glucose 6-phosphate. The products of this reaction can be further metabolized by the energy-generating glycolytic pathway. Here, crystal structures ofBacillus licheniformisTreA (BlTreA) and its R201Q mutant complexed withp-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (R201Q–pPNG) are presented at 2.0 and 2.05 Å resolution, respectively. The overall structure ofBlTreA is similar to those of other GH13 family enzymes. However, detailed structural comparisons revealed that the catalytic site ofBlTreA contains a long loop that adopts a different conformation from those of other GH13 family members. Unlike the homologous regions ofBacillus cereusoligo-1,6-glucosidase (BcOgl) andErwinia rhaponticiisomaltulose synthase (NX-5), the surface potential of theBlTreA active site exhibits a largely positive charge contributed by the four basic residues His281, His282, Lys284 and Lys292. Mutation of these residues resulted in significant decreases in the enzymatic activity ofBlTreA. Strikingly, the281HHLK284motif and Lys292 play critical roles in substrate discrimination byBlTreA.
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22
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Wildberger P, Aish GA, Jakeman DL, Brecker L, Nidetzky B. Interplay of catalytic subsite residues in the positioning of α-d-glucose 1-phosphate in sucrose phosphorylase. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 2:36-44. [PMID: 26380381 PMCID: PMC4554294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetic and molecular docking studies were performed to characterize the binding of α-d-glucose 1-phosphate (αGlc 1-P) at the catalytic subsite of a family GH-13 sucrose phosphorylase (from L. mesenteroides) in wild-type and mutated form. The best-fit binding mode of αGlc 1-P dianion had the phosphate group placed anti relative to the glucosyl moiety (adopting a relaxed 4C1 chair conformation) and was stabilized mainly by hydrogen bonds from residues of the enzyme׳s catalytic triad (Asp196, Glu237 and Asp295) and from Arg137. Additional feature of the αGlc 1-P docking pose was an intramolecular hydrogen bond (2.7 Å) between the glucosyl C2-hydroxyl and the phosphate oxygen. An inactive phosphonate analog of αGlc 1-P did not show binding to sucrose phosphorylase in different experimental assays (saturation transfer difference NMR, steady-state reversible inhibition), consistent with evidence from molecular docking study that also suggested a completely different and strongly disfavored binding mode of the analog as compared to αGlc 1-P. Molecular docking results also support kinetic data in showing that mutation of Phe52, a key residue at the catalytic subsite involved in transition state stabilization, had little effect on the ground-state binding of αGlc 1-P by the phosphorylase. However, when combined with a second mutation involving one of the catalytic triad residues, the mutation of Phe52 by Ala caused complete (F52A_D196A; F52A_E237A) or very large (F52A_D295A) disruption of the proposed productive binding mode of αGlc 1-P with consequent effects on the enzyme activity. Effects of positioning of αGlc 1-P for efficient glucosyl transfer from phosphate to the catalytic nucleophile of the enzyme (Asp196) are suggested. High similarity between the αGlc 1-P conformers bound to sucrose phosphorylase (modeled) and the structurally and mechanistically unrelated maltodextrin phosphorylase (experimental) is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Wildberger
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gaia A. Aish
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15,000, 5968 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - David L. Jakeman
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15,000, 5968 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Lothar Brecker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Shen X, Saburi W, Gai Z, Kato K, Ojima-Kato T, Yu J, Komoda K, Kido Y, Matsui H, Mori H, Yao M. Structural analysis of the α-glucosidase HaG provides new insights into substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 71:1382-91. [DOI: 10.1107/s139900471500721x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
α-Glucosidases, which catalyze the hydrolysis of the α-glucosidic linkage at the nonreducing end of the substrate, are important for the metabolism of α-glucosides. Halomonas sp. H11 α-glucosidase (HaG), belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 13 (GH13), only has high hydrolytic activity towards the α-(1→4)-linked disaccharide maltose among naturally occurring substrates. Although several three-dimensional structures of GH13 members have been solved, the disaccharide specificity and α-(1→4) recognition mechanism of α-glucosidase are unclear owing to a lack of corresponding substrate-bound structures. In this study, four crystal structures of HaG were solved: the apo form, the glucosyl-enzyme intermediate complex, the E271Q mutant in complex with its natural substrate maltose and a complex of the D202N mutant with D-glucose and glycerol. These structures explicitly provide insights into the substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism of HaG. A peculiar long β→α loop 4 which exists in α-glucosidase is responsible for the strict recognition of disaccharides owing to steric hindrance. Two residues, Thr203 and Phe297, assisted with Gly228, were found to determine the glycosidic linkage specificity of the substrate at subsite +1. Furthermore, an explanation of the α-glucosidase reaction mechanism is proposed based on the glucosyl-enzyme intermediate structure.
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24
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Kobayashi M, Saburi W, Nakatsuka D, Hondoh H, Kato K, Okuyama M, Mori H, Kimura A, Yao M. Structural insights into the catalytic reaction that is involved in the reorientation of Trp238 at the substrate-binding site in GH13 dextran glucosidase. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:484-9. [PMID: 25595454 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans dextran glucosidase (SmDG) belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 13, and catalyzes both the hydrolysis of substrates such as isomaltooligosaccharides and subsequent transglucosylation to form α-(1→6)-glucosidic linkage at the substrate non-reducing ends. Here, we report the 2.4Å resolution crystal structure of glucosyl-enzyme intermediate of SmDG. In the obtained structure, the Trp238 side-chain that constitutes the substrate-binding site turned away from the active pocket, concurrently with conformational changes of the nucleophile and the acid/base residues. Different conformations of Trp238 in each reaction stage indicated its flexibility. Considering the results of kinetic analyses, such flexibility may reflect a requirement for the reaction mechanism of SmDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Wataru Saburi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Daichi Nakatsuka
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hironori Hondoh
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Koji Kato
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masayuki Okuyama
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Haruhide Mori
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kimura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Min Yao
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan; Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-10, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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Syson K, Stevenson CEM, Rashid AM, Saalbach G, Tang M, Tuukkanen A, Svergun DI, Withers SG, Lawson DM, Bornemann S. Structural insight into how Streptomyces coelicolor maltosyl transferase GlgE binds α-maltose 1-phosphate and forms a maltosyl-enzyme intermediate. Biochemistry 2014; 53:2494-504. [PMID: 24689960 PMCID: PMC4048318 DOI: 10.1021/bi500183c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
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GlgE (EC 2.4.99.16) is an α-maltose
1-phosphate:(1→4)-α-d-glucan 4-α-d-maltosyltransferase of the CAZy
glycoside hydrolase 13_3 family. It is the defining enzyme of a bacterial
α-glucan biosynthetic pathway and is a genetically validated
anti-tuberculosis target. It catalyzes the α-retaining transfer
of maltosyl units from α-maltose 1-phosphate to maltooligosaccharides
and is predicted to use a double-displacement mechanism. Evidence
of this mechanism was obtained using a combination of site-directed
mutagenesis of Streptomyces coelicolor GlgE isoform
I, substrate analogues, protein crystallography, and mass spectrometry.
The X-ray structures of α-maltose 1-phosphate bound to a D394A
mutein and a β-2-deoxy-2-fluoromaltosyl-enzyme intermediate
with a E423A mutein were determined. There are few examples of CAZy
glycoside hydrolase family 13 members that have had their glycosyl-enzyme
intermediate structures determined, and none before now have been
obtained with a 2-deoxy-2-fluoro substrate analogue. The covalent
modification of Asp394 was confirmed using mass spectrometry. A similar
modification of wild-type GlgE proteins from S. coelicolor and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was also observed.
Small-angle X-ray scattering of the M. tuberculosis enzyme revealed a homodimeric assembly similar to that of the S. coelicolor enzyme but with slightly differently oriented
monomers. The deeper understanding of the structure–function
relationships of S. coelicolor GlgE will aid the
development of inhibitors of the M. tuberculosis enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Syson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park , Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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26
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Skov LK, Pizzut-Serin S, Remaud-Simeon M, Ernst HA, Gajhede M, Mirza O. The structure of amylosucrase from Deinococcus radiodurans has an unusual open active-site topology. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2013; 69:973-8. [PMID: 23989143 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309113021714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Amylosucrases (ASes) catalyze the formation of an α-1,4-glucosidic linkage by transferring a glucosyl unit from sucrose onto an acceptor α-1,4-glucan. To date, several ligand-bound crystal structures of wild-type and mutant ASes from Neisseria polysaccharea and Deinococcus geothermalis have been solved. These structures all display a very similar overall conformation with a deep pocket leading to the site for transglucosylation, subsite -1. This has led to speculation on how sucrose enters the active site during glucan elongation. In contrast to previous studies, the AS structure from D. radiodurans presented here has a completely empty -1 subsite. This structure is strikingly different from other AS structures, as an active-site-lining loop comprising residues Leu214-Asn225 is found in a previously unobserved conformation. In addition, a large loop harbouring the conserved active-site residues Asp133 and Tyr136 is disordered. The result of the changed loop conformations is that the active-site topology is radically changed, leaving subsite -1 exposed and partially dismantled. This structure provides novel insights into the dynamics of ASes and comprises the first structural support for an elongation mechanism that involves considerable conformational changes to modulate accessibility to the sucrose-binding site and thereby allows successive cycles of glucosyl-moiety transfer to a growing glucan chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars K Skov
- Novozymes A/S, Krogshøjvej 36, DK-2880 Bagsværd, Denmark
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27
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Cloning, expression, properties, and functional amino acid residues of new trehalose synthase from Thermomonospora curvata DSM 43183. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Daudé D, Champion E, Morel S, Guieysse D, Remaud-Siméon M, André I. Probing Substrate Promiscuity of Amylosucrase fromNeisseria polysaccharea. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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29
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Roblin P, Potocki-Véronèse G, Guieysse D, Guerin F, Axelos M, Perez J, Buleon A. SAXS Conformational Tracking of Amylose Synthesized by Amylosucrases. Biomacromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/bm301651y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Roblin
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’orme des merisiers, Saint Aubin, BP
48, 91192 Gif sur
Yvette Cedex, France
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères
Interactions Assemblages, F-44300 Nantes, France
| | - G. Potocki-Véronèse
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil,
F-31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des
Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - D. Guieysse
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil,
F-31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des
Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - F. Guerin
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil,
F-31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, F-31400 Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des
Procédés, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - M.A.V. Axelos
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères
Interactions Assemblages, F-44300 Nantes, France
| | - J. Perez
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’orme des merisiers, Saint Aubin, BP
48, 91192 Gif sur
Yvette Cedex, France
| | - A. Buleon
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères
Interactions Assemblages, F-44300 Nantes, France
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30
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Leemhuis H, Pijning T, Dobruchowska JM, van Leeuwen SS, Kralj S, Dijkstra BW, Dijkhuizen L. Glucansucrases: three-dimensional structures, reactions, mechanism, α-glucan analysis and their implications in biotechnology and food applications. J Biotechnol 2012; 163:250-72. [PMID: 22796091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucansucrases are extracellular enzymes that synthesize a wide variety of α-glucan polymers and oligosaccharides, such as dextran. These carbohydrates have found numerous applications in food and health industries, and can be used as pure compounds or even be produced in situ by generally regarded as safe (GRAS) lactic acid bacteria in food applications. Research in the recent years has resulted in big steps forward in the understanding and exploitation of the biocatalytic potential of glucansucrases. This paper provides an overview of glucansucrase enzymes, their recently elucidated crystal structures, their reaction and product specificity, and the structural analysis and applications of α-glucan polymers. Furthermore, we discuss key developments in the understanding of α-glucan polymer formation based on the recently elucidated three-dimensional structures of glucansucrase proteins. Finally we discuss the (potential) applications of α-glucans produced by lactic acid bacteria in food and health related industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Leemhuis
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute-GBB, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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31
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Liu M, Wang S, Sun T, Su J, Zhang Y, Yue J, Sun Z. Insight into the structure, dynamics and the unfolding property of amylosucrases: implications of rational engineering on thermostability. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40441. [PMID: 22792323 PMCID: PMC3391273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amylosucrase (AS) is a kind of glucosyltransferases (E.C. 2.4.1.4) belonging to the Glycoside Hydrolase (GH) Family 13. In the presence of an activator polymer, in vitro, AS is able to catalyze the synthesis of an amylose-like polysaccharide composed of only α-1,4-linkages using sucrose as the only energy source. Unlike AS, other enzymes responsible for the synthesis of such amylose-like polymers require the addition of expensive nucleotide-activated sugars. These properties make AS an interesting enzyme for industrial applications. In this work, the structures and topology of the two AS were thoroughly investigated for the sake of explaining the reason why Deinococcus geothermalis amylosucrase (DgAS) is more stable than Neisseria polysaccharea amylosucrase (NpAS). Based on our results, there are two main factors that contribute to the superior thermostability of DgAS. On the one hand, DgAS holds some good structural features that may make positive contributions to the thermostability. On the other hand, the contacts among residues of DgAS are thought to be topologically more compact than those of NpAS. Furthermore, the dynamics and unfolding properties of the two AS were also explored by the gauss network model (GNM) and the anisotropic network model (ANM). According to the results of GNM and ANM, we have found that the two AS could exhibit a shear-like motion, which is probably associated with their functions. What is more, with the discovery of the unfolding pathway of the two AS, we can focus on the weak regions, and hence designing more appropriate mutations for the sake of thermostability engineering. Taking the results on structure, dynamics and unfolding properties of the two AS into consideration, we have predicted some novel mutants whose thermostability is possibly elevated, and hopefully these discoveries can be used as guides for our future work on rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Genor Biopharma Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Tingguang Sun
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Technology, Liuzhou, China
| | - Jiguo Su
- College of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (ZS) (YZ); (JY) (JY); (YZ) (ZS)
| | - Junjie Yue
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ZS) (YZ); (JY) (JY); (YZ) (ZS)
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ZS) (YZ); (JY) (JY); (YZ) (ZS)
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32
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Leemhuis H, Pijning T, Dobruchowska JM, Dijkstra BW, Dijkhuizen L. Glycosidic bond specificity of glucansucrases: on the role of acceptor substrate binding residues. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2012. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2012.676301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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33
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Brison Y, Pijning T, Malbert Y, Fabre É, Mourey L, Morel S, Potocki-Véronèse G, Monsan P, Tranier S, Remaud-Siméon M, Dijkstra BW. Functional and structural characterization of α-(1->2) branching sucrase derived from DSR-E glucansucrase. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:7915-24. [PMID: 22262856 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.305078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ΔN(123)-glucan-binding domain-catalytic domain 2 (ΔN(123)-GBD-CD2) is a truncated form of the bifunctional glucansucrase DSR-E from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-1299. It was constructed by rational truncation of GBD-CD2, which harbors the second catalytic domain of DSR-E. Like GBD-CD2, this variant displays α-(1→2) branching activity when incubated with sucrose as glucosyl donor and (oligo-)dextran as acceptor, transferring glucosyl residues to the acceptor via a ping-pong bi-bi mechanism. This allows the formation of prebiotic molecules containing controlled amounts of α-(1→2) linkages. The crystal structure of the apo α-(1→2) branching sucrase ΔN(123)-GBD-CD2 was solved at 1.90 Å resolution. The protein adopts the unusual U-shape fold organized in five distinct domains, also found in GTF180-ΔN and GTF-SI glucansucrases of glycoside hydrolase family 70. Residues forming subsite -1, involved in binding the glucosyl residue of sucrose and catalysis, are strictly conserved in both GTF180-ΔN and ΔN(123)-GBD-CD2. Subsite +1 analysis revealed three residues (Ala-2249, Gly-2250, and Phe-2214) that are specific to ΔN(123)-GBD-CD2. Mutation of these residues to the corresponding residues found in GTF180-ΔN showed that Ala-2249 and Gly-2250 are not directly involved in substrate binding and regiospecificity. In contrast, mutant F2214N had lost its ability to branch dextran, although it was still active on sucrose alone. Furthermore, three loops belonging to domains A and B at the upper part of the catalytic gorge are also specific to ΔN(123)-GBD-CD2. These distinguishing features are also proposed to be involved in the correct positioning of dextran acceptor molecules allowing the formation of α-(1→2) branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Brison
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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34
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Guérin F, Barbe S, Pizzut-Serin S, Potocki-Véronèse G, Guieysse D, Guillet V, Monsan P, Mourey L, Remaud-Siméon M, André I, Tranier S. Structural investigation of the thermostability and product specificity of amylosucrase from the bacterium Deinococcus geothermalis. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:6642-54. [PMID: 22210773 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.322917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Amylosucrases are sucrose-utilizing α-transglucosidases that naturally catalyze the synthesis of α-glucans, linked exclusively through α1,4-linkages. Side products and in particular sucrose isomers such as turanose and trehalulose are also produced by these enzymes. Here, we report the first structural and biophysical characterization of the most thermostable amylosucrase identified so far, the amylosucrase from Deinoccocus geothermalis (DgAS). The three-dimensional structure revealed a homodimeric quaternary organization, never reported before for other amylosucrases. A sequence signature of dimerization was identified from the analysis of the dimer interface and sequence alignments. By rigidifying the DgAS structure, the quaternary organization is likely to participate in the enhanced thermal stability of the protein. Amylosucrase specificity with respect to sucrose isomer formation (turanose or trehalulose) was also investigated. We report the first structures of the amylosucrases from Deinococcus geothermalis and Neisseria polysaccharea in complex with turanose. In the amylosucrase from N. polysaccharea (NpAS), key residues were found to force the fructosyl moiety to bind in an open state with the O3' ideally positioned to explain the preferential formation of turanose by NpAS. Such residues are either not present or not similarly placed in DgAS. As a consequence, DgAS binds the furanoid tautomers of fructose through a weak network of interactions to enable turanose formation. Such topology at subsite +1 is likely favoring other possible fructose binding modes in agreement with the higher amount of trehalulose formed by DgAS. Our findings help to understand the inter-relationships between amylosucrase structure, flexibility, function, and stability and provide new insight for amylosucrase design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Guérin
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France
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35
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Crystal structure of glucansucrase from the dental caries pathogen Streptococcus mutans. J Mol Biol 2011; 408:177-86. [PMID: 21354427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucansucrase (GSase) from Streptococcus mutans is an essential agent in dental caries pathogenesis. Here, we report the crystal structure of S. mutans glycosyltransferase (GTF-SI), which synthesizes soluble and insoluble glucans and is a glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 70 GSase in the free enzyme form and in complex with acarbose and maltose. Resolution of the GTF-SI structure confirmed that the domain order of GTF-SI is circularly permuted as compared to that of GH family 13 α-amylases. As a result, domains A, B and IV of GTF-SI are each composed of two separate polypeptide chains. Structural comparison of GTF-SI and amylosucrase, which is closely related to GH family 13 amylases, indicated that the two enzymes share a similar transglycosylation mechanism via a glycosyl-enzyme intermediate in subsite -1. On the other hand, novel structural features were revealed in subsites +1 and +2 of GTF-SI. Trp517 provided the platform for glycosyl acceptor binding, while Tyr430, Asn481 and Ser589, which are conserved in family 70 enzymes but not in family 13 enzymes, comprised subsite +1. Based on the structure of GTF-SI and amino acid comparison of GTF-SI, GTF-I and GTF-S, Asp593 in GTF-SI appeared to be the most critical point for acceptor sugar orientation, influencing the transglycosylation specificity of GSases, that is, whether they produced insoluble glucan with α(1-3) glycosidic linkages or soluble glucan with α(1-6) linkages. The structural information derived from the current study should be extremely useful in the design of novel inhibitors that prevent the biofilm formation by GTF-SI.
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36
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Wildberger P, Luley-Goedl C, Nidetzky B. Aromatic interactions at the catalytic subsite of sucrose phosphorylase: Their roles in enzymatic glucosyl transfer probed with Phe52
→ Ala and Phe52
→ Asn mutants. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:499-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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37
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Crystal structure of a 117 kDa glucansucrase fragment provides insight into evolution and product specificity of GH70 enzymes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:21406-11. [PMID: 21118988 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1007531107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucansucrases are large enzymes belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 70, which catalyze the cleavage of sucrose into fructose and glucose, with the concomitant transfer of the glucose residue to a growing α-glucan polymer. Among others, plaque-forming oral bacteria secrete these enzymes to produce α-glucans, which facilitate the adhesion of the bacteria to the tooth enamel. We determined the crystal structure of a fully active, 1,031-residue fragment encompassing the catalytic and C-terminal domains of GTF180 from Lactobacillus reuteri 180, both in the native state, and in complexes with sucrose and maltose. These structures show that the enzyme has an α-amylase-like (β/α)(8)-barrel catalytic domain that is circularly permuted compared to the catalytic domains of members of glycoside hydrolase families 13 and 77, which belong to the same GH-H superfamily. In contrast to previous suggestions, the enzyme has only one active site and one nucleophilic residue. Surprisingly, in GTF180 the peptide chain follows a "U"-path, such that four of the five domains are made up from discontiguous N- and C-terminal stretches of the peptide chain. Finally, the structures give insight into the factors that determine the different linkage types in the polymeric product.
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38
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Schneider J, Fricke C, Overwin H, Hofer B. High level expression of a recombinant amylosucrase gene and selected properties of the enzyme. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:1821-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-3000-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Lipski A, Rhimi M, Haser R, Aghajari N. Structure/Function Relationships of Sucrose Isomerases with Different Product Specificity. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2010. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.57.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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40
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André I, Potocki-Véronèse G, Morel S, Monsan P, Remaud-Siméon M. Sucrose-Utilizing Transglucosidases for Biocatalysis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2010; 294:25-48. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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41
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Zhang R, Li C, Williams LK, Rempel BP, Brayer GD, Withers SG. Directed "in situ" inhibitor elongation as a strategy to structurally characterize the covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate of human pancreatic alpha-amylase. Biochemistry 2009; 48:10752-64. [PMID: 19803533 DOI: 10.1021/bi901400p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While covalent catalytic intermediates of retaining alpha-transglycosylases have been structurally characterized previously, no such information for a hydrolytic alpha-amylase has been obtained. This study presents a new "in situ" enzymatic elongation methodology that, for the first time, has allowed the isolation and structural characterization of a catalytically competent covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate with human pancreatic alpha-amylase. This has been achieved by the use of a 5-fluoro-beta-l-idosyl fluoride "warhead" in conjunction with either alpha-maltotriosyl fluoride or 4'-O-methyl-alpha-maltosyl fluoride as elongation agents. This generates an oligosaccharyl-5-fluoroglycosyl fluoride that then reacts with the free enzyme. The resultant covalent intermediates are extremely stable, with hydrolytic half-lives on the order of 240 h for the trisaccharide complex. In the presence of maltose, however, they undergo turnover via transglycosylation according to a half-life of less than 1 h. Structural studies of intermediate complexes unambiguously show the covalent attachment of a 5-fluoro-alpha-l-idosyl moiety in the chair conformation to the side chain of the catalytic nucleophile D197. The elongated portions of the intermediate complexes are found to bind in the high-affinity -2 and -3 binding subsites, forming extensive hydrogen-bonding interactions. Comparative structural analyses with the related noncovalent complex formed by acarbose highlight the structural rigidity of the enzyme surface during catalysis and the key role that substrate conformational flexibility must play in this process. Taken together, the structural data provide atomic details of several key catalytic steps. The scope of this elongation approach to probe the active sites and catalytic mechanisms of alpha-amylases is further demonstrated through preliminary experiments with porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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42
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Synthesis of dextrans with controlled amounts of α-1,2 linkages using the transglucosidase GBD–CD2. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 86:545-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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43
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Generation of amylosucrase variants that terminate catalysis of acceptor elongation at the di- or trisaccharide stage. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:7453-60. [PMID: 19801480 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01194-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An amylosucrase gene was subjected to high-rate segmental random mutagenesis, which was directed toward a segment encoding amino acids that influence the interaction with substrate molecules in subsites -1 to +3. A screen was used to identify enzyme variants with compromised glucan chain elongation. With an average mutation rate of about one mutation per targeted codon, a considerable fraction (82%) of the clones that retained catalytic activity were deficient in this trait. A detailed characterization of selected variants revealed that elongation terminated when chains reached lengths of only two or three glucose moieties. Sequencing showed that the amylosucrase derivatives had an average of no more than two amino acid substitutions and suggested that predominantly exchanges of Asp394 or Gly396 were crucial for the novel properties. Structural models of the variants indicated that steric interference between the amino acids introduced at these sites and the growing oligosaccharide chain are mainly responsible for the limitation of glucosyl transfers. The variants generated may serve as biocatalysts for limited addition of glucose moieties to acceptor molecules, using sucrose as a readily available donor substrate.
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44
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Skov LK, Mirza O, Sprogøe D, van der Veen BA, Remaud-Simeon M, Albenne C, Monsan P, Gajhede M. Crystal structure of the Glu328Gln mutant ofNeisseria polysacchareaamylosucrase in complex with sucrose and maltoheptaose. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420500538100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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45
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Ravaud S, Robert X, Watzlawick H, Laurent S, Haser R, Mattes R, Aghajari N. Insights into sucrose isomerization from crystal structures of thePseudomonas mesoacidophilaMX-45 sucrose isomerase, MutB. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420701788694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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46
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Kuntz DA, Liu H, Bols M, Rose DR. The role of the active site Zn in the catalytic mechanism of the GH38 Golgi α-mannosidase II: Implications from noeuromycin inhibition. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420500533242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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47
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Champion E, André I, Mulard LA, Monsan P, Remaud-Siméon M, Morel S. Synthesis of L-Rhamnose andN-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine Derivatives Entering in the Composition of Bacterial Polysaccharides by Use of Glucansucrases. J Carbohydr Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/07328300902755796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Champion
- a Université de Toulouse , INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077, Toulouse, France
- b CNRS , UMR5504, F-31400, Toulouse, France
- c INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés , F-31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle André
- a Université de Toulouse , INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077, Toulouse, France
- b CNRS , UMR5504, F-31400, Toulouse, France
- c INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés , F-31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence A. Mulard
- d Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules , CNRS URA 2128, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Monsan
- a Université de Toulouse , INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077, Toulouse, France
- b CNRS , UMR5504, F-31400, Toulouse, France
- c INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés , F-31400, Toulouse, France
- e Institut Universitaire de France , 103 Boulevard Saint-Michel, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Magali Remaud-Siméon
- a Université de Toulouse , INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077, Toulouse, France
- b CNRS , UMR5504, F-31400, Toulouse, France
- c INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés , F-31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Morel
- a Université de Toulouse , INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077, Toulouse, France
- b CNRS , UMR5504, F-31400, Toulouse, France
- c INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés , F-31400, Toulouse, France
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48
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Vocadlo DJ, Davies GJ. Mechanistic insights into glycosidase chemistry. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2009; 12:539-55. [PMID: 18558099 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond continues to gain importance, reflecting the critically important roles complex glycans play in health and disease as well as the rekindled interest in enzymatic biomass conversion. Recent advances include the broadening of our understanding of enzyme reaction coordinates, through both computational and structural studies, improved understanding of enzyme inhibition through transition state mimicry and fascinating insights into mechanism yielded by physical organic chemistry approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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49
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50
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Dextransucrase and the mechanism for dextran biosynthesis. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:3039-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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