1
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Optical Projection and Spatial Separation of Spin-Entangled Triplet Pairs from the S1 (21 Ag–) State of Pi-Conjugated Systems. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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2
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Excited State Properties of Fucoxanthin Aggregates. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-9097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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3
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Büchel C. Light harvesting complexes in chlorophyll c-containing algae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1861:148027. [PMID: 31153887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Besides the so-called 'green lineage' of eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms that include vascular plants, a huge variety of different algal groups exist that also harvest light by means of membrane intrinsic light harvesting proteins (Lhc). The main taxa of these algae are the Cryptophytes, Haptophytes, Dinophytes, Chromeridae and the Heterokonts, the latter including diatoms, brown algae, Xanthophyceae and Eustigmatophyceae amongst others. Despite the similarity in Lhc proteins between vascular plants and these algae, pigmentation is significantly different since no Chl b is bound, but often replaced by Chl c, and a large diversity in carotenoids functioning in light harvesting and/or photoprotection is present. Due to the presence of Chl c in most of the taxa the name 'Chl c-containing organisms' has become common, however, Chl b-less is more precise since some harbour Lhc proteins that only bind one type of Chl, Chl a. In recent years huge progress has been made about the occurrence and function of Lhc in diatoms, so-called fucoxanthin chlorophyll proteins (FCP), where also the first molecular structure became available recently. In addition, especially energy transfer amongst the unusual pigments bound was intensively studied in many of these groups. This review summarises the present knowledge about the molecular structure, the arrangement of the different Lhc in complexes, the excitation energy transfer abilities and the involvement in photoprotection of the different Lhc systems in the so-called Chl c-containing organisms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Light harvesting, edited by Dr. Roberta Croce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Büchel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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4
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West RG, Fuciman M, Staleva-Musto H, Šebelík V, Bína D, Durchan M, Kuznetsova V, Polívka T. Equilibration Dependence of Fucoxanthin S1 and ICT Signatures on Polarity, Proticity, and Temperature by Multipulse Femtosecond Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:7264-7276. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b04217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. West
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Fuciman
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hristina Staleva-Musto
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Šebelík
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - David Bína
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biological Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Durchan
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biological Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Valentyna Kuznetsova
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biological Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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5
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Niedzwiedzki DM, Blankenship RE. Excited-state properties of the central-cis isomer of the carotenoid peridinin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 649:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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6
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Taffet EJ, Scholes GD. Peridinin Torsional Distortion and Bond-Length Alternation Introduce Intramolecular Charge-Transfer and Correlated Triplet Pair Intermediate Excited States. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:5835-5844. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b02504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elliot J. Taffet
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Gregory D. Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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7
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Shimizu H, Park KH, Otani H, Aoyagi S, Nishinaga T, Aso Y, Kim D, Iyoda M. A Saturn-Like Complex Composed of Macrocyclic Oligothiophene and C 60 Fullerene: Structure, Stability, and Photophysical Properties in Solution and the Solid State. Chemistry 2018; 24:3793-3801. [PMID: 29315942 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A Saturn-like 1:1 complex composed of macrocyclic oligothiophene E-8T7A and C60 fullerene (C60 ) was synthesized to investigate the interaction between macrocyclic oligothiophenes and C60 in solution and the solid state. Because the Saturn-like 1:1 complex E-8T7A⋅C60 is mainly stabilized by van der Waals interactions between C60 and the sulfur atoms of the E-8T7A macrocycle, C60 is rather weakly incorporated inside the macro-ring in solution. However, in the solid state the Saturn-like 1:1 complex preferentially formed single crystals or nanostructured polymorphs. Interestingly, X-ray analysis and theoretical calculations exhibited hindered rotation of C60 in the Saturn-like complex due to interactions between C60 and the sulfur atoms. Furthermore, the photoinduced charge transfer (CT) interaction between E-8T7A and C60 in solution was investigated by using femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. The ultrafast TA spectral changes in the photoinduced absorption bands were attributed to the CT process in the Saturn-like structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kyu Hyung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for, Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Hiroyuki Otani
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Shinobu Aoyagi
- Department of Information and Basic Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8501, Japan
| | - Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yoshio Aso
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 767-0047, Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for, Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Masahiko Iyoda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
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8
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Redeckas K, Voiciuk V, Zigmantas D, Hiller RG, Vengris M. Unveiling the excited state energy transfer pathways in peridinin-chlorophyll a- protein by ultrafast multi-pulse transient absorption spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:297-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Kosumi D, Kajikawa T, Sakaguchi K, Katsumura S, Hashimoto H. Excited state properties of β-carotene analogs incorporating a lactone ring. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:3000-3009. [PMID: 28079227 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06828f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids possessing a carbonyl group along their polyene backbone exhibit unique excited state properties due to the occurrence of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) in the excited state. In fact, the ICT characteristics of naturally occurring carbonyl carotenoids play an essential role in the highly efficient energy transfer that proceeds in aquatic photosynthetic antenna systems. In the present study, we synthesized two short-chain polyene carotenoids incorporating a lactone ring, denoted as BL-7 and BL-8, having seven and eight conjugated double bonds (n = 7 and 8), respectively. The excited state properties of these compounds were directly compared to those of their non-carbonyl counterparts to clarify the role of the carbonyl group in the generation of ICT. The energies of the optically allowed S2 states for BL-7 and BL-8 were found to be more than 0.3 eV (2400 cm-1) below those of non-carbonyl short β-carotene homologs. Ultrafast spectroscopic data demonstrated various solvent polarity-induced effects, including the appearance of stimulated emission in the near-IR region in the case of BL-7, and significant lifetime shortening of the lowest-lying singlet S1 excited states of both BL-7 and BL-8. These results suggest that these compounds exhibit ICT characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kosumi
- Institute of Pulsed Power Science, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Kajikawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sakaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeo Katsumura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Japan.
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10
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Šlouf V, Kuznetsova V, Fuciman M, de Carbon CB, Wilson A, Kirilovsky D, Polívka T. Ultrafast spectroscopy tracks carotenoid configurations in the orange and red carotenoid proteins from cyanobacteria. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 131:105-117. [PMID: 27612863 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A quenching mechanism mediated by the orange carotenoid protein (OCP) is one of the ways cyanobacteria protect themselves against photooxidative stress. Here, we present a femtosecond spectroscopic study comparing OCP and RCP (red carotenoid protein) samples binding different carotenoids. We confirmed significant changes in carotenoid configuration upon OCP activation reported by Leverenz et al. (Science 348:1463-1466. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa7234 , 2015) by comparing the transient spectra of OCP and RCP. The most important marker of these changes was the magnitude of the transient signal associated with the carotenoid intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) state. While OCP with canthaxanthin exhibited a weak ICT signal, it increased significantly for canthaxanthin bound to RCP. On the contrary, a strong ICT signal was recorded in OCP binding echinenone excited at the red edge of the absorption spectrum. Because the carbonyl oxygen responsible for the appearance of the ICT signal is located at the end rings of both carotenoids, the magnitude of the ICT signal can be used to estimate the torsion angles of the end rings. Application of two different excitation wavelengths to study OCP demonstrated that the OCP sample contains two spectroscopically distinct populations, none of which is corresponding to the photoactivated product of OCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Šlouf
- Institute of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Valentyna Kuznetsova
- Institute of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Fuciman
- Institute of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Céline Bourcier de Carbon
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay (iBiTec-S), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Adjélé Wilson
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay (iBiTec-S), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Diana Kirilovsky
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay (iBiTec-S), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- Institute of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biological Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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11
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Redeckas K, Voiciuk V, Vengris M. Investigation of the S1/ICT equilibrium in fucoxanthin by ultrafast pump-dump-probe and femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopy. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 128:169-181. [PMID: 26742754 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved multi-pulse spectroscopic methods-pump-dump-probe (PDP) and femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy-were used to investigate the excited state photodynamics of the carbonyl group containing carotenoid fucoxanthin (FX). PDP experiments show that S1 and ICT states in FX are strongly coupled and that the interstate equilibrium is rapidly (<5 ps) reestablished after one of the interacting states is deliberately depopulated. Femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering experiments indicate that S1 and ICT are vibrationally distinct species. Identification of the FSRS modes on the S1 and ICT potential energy surfaces allows us to predict a possible coupling channel for the state interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kipras Redeckas
- Department of Quantum Electronics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio AV. 10, 10223, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Vladislava Voiciuk
- Department of Quantum Electronics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio AV. 10, 10223, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mikas Vengris
- Department of Quantum Electronics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio AV. 10, 10223, Vilnius, Lithuania
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12
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Ghosh S, Bishop MM, Roscioli JD, LaFountain AM, Frank HA, Beck WF. Femtosecond Heterodyne Transient Grating Studies of Nonradiative Deactivation of the S2 (11Bu+) State of Peridinin: Detection and Spectroscopic Assignment of an Intermediate in the Decay Pathway. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:3601-14. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322 United States
| | - Michael M. Bishop
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322 United States
| | - Jerome D. Roscioli
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322 United States
| | - Amy M. LaFountain
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3036 United States
| | - Harry A. Frank
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3036 United States
| | - Warren F. Beck
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322 United States
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13
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Di Donato M, Ragnoni E, Lapini A, Foggi P, Hiller RG, Righini R. Femtosecond transient infrared and stimulated Raman spectroscopy shed light on the relaxation mechanisms of photo-excited peridinin. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:212409. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4915072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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14
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Carbonera D, Di Valentin M, Spezia R, Mezzetti A. The unique photophysical properties of the Peridinin-Chlorophyll-α-Protein. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2015; 15:332-50. [PMID: 24678668 PMCID: PMC4030626 DOI: 10.2174/1389203715666140327111139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peridinin-Chlorophyll-a-Proteins (PCPs) are water-soluble light harvesting complexes from dinoflagellates.
They have unique light-harvesting and energy transfer properties which have been studied in details in the last 15 years.
This review aims to give an overview on all the main aspects of PCPs photophysics, with an emphasis on some aspects
which have not been reviewed in details so far, such as vibrational spectroscopy studies, theoretical calculations, and
magnetic resonance studies. A paragraph on the present development of PCPs towards technological applications is also
included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alberto Mezzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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15
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Büchel C. Evolution and function of light harvesting proteins. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 172:62-75. [PMID: 25240794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic eukaryotes exhibit very different light-harvesting proteins, but all contain membrane-intrinsic light-harvesting complexes (Lhcs), either as additional or sole antennae. Lhcs non-covalently bind chlorophyll a and in most cases another Chl, as well as very different carotenoids, depending on the taxon. The proteins fall into two major groups: The well-defined Lhca/b group of proteins binds typically Chl b and lutein, and the group is present in the 'green lineage'. The other group consists of Lhcr/Lhcf, Lhcz and Lhcx/LhcSR proteins. The former are found in the so-called Chromalveolates, where they mostly bind Chl c and carotenoids very efficient in excitation energy transfer, and in their red algae ancestors. Lhcx/LhcSR are present in most Chromalveolates and in some members of the green lineage as well. Lhcs function in light harvesting, but also in photoprotection, and they influence the organisation of the thylakoid membrane. The different functions of the Lhc subfamilies are discussed in the light of their evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Büchel
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Max von Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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16
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Kosumi D, Fujii R, Sugisaki M, Oka N, Iha M, Hashimoto H. Characterization of the intramolecular transfer state of marine carotenoid fucoxanthin by femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 121:61-68. [PMID: 24676808 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-9995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin, containing a carbonyl group in conjugation with its polyene backbone, is a naturally occurring pigment in marine organisms and is essential to the photosynthetic light-harvesting function in brown alga and diatom. Fucoxanthin exhibits optical characteristics attributed to an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state that arises in polar environments due to the presence of the carbonyl group. In this study, we report the spectroscopic properties of fucoxanthin in methanol (polar and protic solvent) observed by femtosecond pump-probe measurements in the near-infrared region, where transient absorption associated with the optically allowed S2 (1(1)B u (+) ) state and stimulated emission from the strongly coupled S1/ICT state were observed following one-photon excitation to the S2 state. The results showed that the amplitude of the stimulated emission of the S1/ICT state increased with decreasing excitation energy, demonstrating that the fucoxanthin form associated with the lower energy of the steady-state absorption exhibits stronger ICT character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kosumi
- The Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan,
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17
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Niedzwiedzki DM, Jiang J, Lo CS, Blankenship RE. Spectroscopic properties of the Chlorophyll a-Chlorophyll c 2-Peridinin-Protein-Complex (acpPC) from the coral symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 120:125-139. [PMID: 23361658 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9794-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy was performed on the chlorophyll a-chlorophyll c 2-peridinin-protein-complex (acpPC), a major light-harvesting complex of the coral symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium. The measurements were carried out on the protein as well on the isolated pigments in the visible and the near-infrared region at 77 K. The data were globally fit to establish inter-pigment energy transfer paths within the scaffold of the complex. In addition, microsecond flash photolysis analysis was applied to reveal photoprotective capabilities of carotenoids (peridinin and diadinoxanthin) in the complex, especially the ability to quench chlorophyll a triplet states. The results demonstrate that the majority of carotenoids and other accessory light absorbers such as chlorophyll c 2 are very well suited to support chlorophyll a in light harvesting. However, their performance in photoprotection in the acpPC is questionable. This is unusual among carotenoid-containing light-harvesting proteins and may explain the low resistance of the acpPC complex against photoinduced damage under even moderate light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz M Niedzwiedzki
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1138, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA,
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18
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Gottlieb SM, Chang CW, Martin SS, Rockwell NC, Lagarias JC, Larsen DS. Optically Guided Photoactivity: Coordinating Tautomerization, Photoisomerization, Inhomogeneity, and Reactive Intermediates within the RcaE Cyanobacteriochrome. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:1527-1533. [PMID: 26270091 DOI: 10.1021/jz500378n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The RcaE cyanobacteriochrome uses a linear tetrapyrrole chromophore to sense the ratio of green and red light to enable the Fremyella diplosiphon cyanobacterium to control the expression of the photosynthetic infrastructure for efficient utilization of incident light. The femtosecond photodynamics of the embedded phycocyanobilin chromophore within RcaE were characterized with dispersed femtosecond pump-dump-probe spectroscopy, which resolved a complex interplay of excited-state proton transfer, photoisomerization, multilayered inhomogeneity, and reactive intermediates. These reactions were integrated within a central model that incorporated a rapid (200 fs) excited-state Le Châtelier redistribution between parallel evolving populations ascribed to different tautomers. Three photoproducts were resolved and originates from four independent subpopulations, each with different dump-induced behavior: Lumi-Go was depleted, Lumi-Gr was unaffected, and Lumi-Gf was enhanced. This suggests that RcaE may be engineered to act either as an in vivo fluorescent probe (after single-pump excitation) or as an in vivo optogenetic sample (after pump and dump excitation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Gottlieb
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Che-Wei Chang
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Shelley S Martin
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Nathan C Rockwell
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - J Clark Lagarias
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Delmar S Larsen
- †Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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19
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Pavlovich VS. Gas-phase energy of the S2←S0 transition and electrostatic properties of the S2 state of carotenoid peridinin via a solvatochromic shift and orientation broadening of the absorption spectrum. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:1444-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00124a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The solvent effect on the position and the shape of the absorption spectrum of peridinin for 12 protic and aprotic solvents as well as the temperature effect for methanol were studied using a solvatochromic theory based on the Onsager sphere cavity model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir S. Pavlovich
- Division of Higher Mathematics and Physics
- Military Academy of Belarus
- Minsk 220057, Belarus
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20
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Berera R, Gwizdala M, van Stokkum IHM, Kirilovsky D, van Grondelle R. Excited States of the Inactive and Active Forms of the Orange Carotenoid Protein. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:9121-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp307420p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Berera
- Division of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biophysics, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Gwizdala
- Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique, Institute de Biologie et Tecnologie de Saclay
- Centre National de la Recherce Scientifique, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Ivo H. M. van Stokkum
- Division of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biophysics, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Kirilovsky
- Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique, Institute de Biologie et Tecnologie de Saclay
- Centre National de la Recherce Scientifique, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Division of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Biophysics, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Chang CW, Gottlieb SM, Kim PW, Rockwell NC, Lagarias JC, Larsen DS. Reactive Ground-State Pathways Are Not Ubiquitous in Red/Green Cyanobacteriochromes. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:11229-38. [DOI: 10.1021/jp402112u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Che-Wei Chang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California
95616
| | - Sean M. Gottlieb
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California
95616
| | - Peter W. Kim
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California
95616
| | - Nathan C. Rockwell
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California
95616
| | - J. Clark Lagarias
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California
95616
| | - Delmar S. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California
95616
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22
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Niedzwiedzki DM, Kajikawa T, Aoki K, Katsumura S, Frank HA. Excited States Energies and Dynamics of Peridinin Analogues and the Nature of the Intramolecular Charge Transfer State in Carbonyl-Containing Carotenoids. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:6874-87. [DOI: 10.1021/jp400038k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz M. Niedzwiedzki
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research
Center, Washington University in St Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Takayuki Kajikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Kwansei Gakuin University, 669-1337, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Aoki
- Department of Chemistry, Kwansei Gakuin University, 669-1337, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Katsumura
- Department of Chemistry, Kwansei Gakuin University, 669-1337, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Harry A. Frank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U-3060, 55 North Eagleville
Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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23
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Kennis JTM, van Stokkum IHM, Peterson DS, Pandit A, Wachter RM. Ultrafast proton shuttling in Psammocora cyan fluorescent protein. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:11134-43. [PMID: 23534404 DOI: 10.1021/jp401114e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyan, green, yellow, and red fluorescent proteins (FPs) homologous to green fluorescent protein (GFP) are used extensively as model systems to study fundamental processes in photobiology, such as the capture of light energy by protein-embedded chromophores, color tuning by the protein matrix, energy conversion by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), and excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) reactions. Recently, a novel cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) termed psamFP488 was isolated from the genus Psammocora of reef building corals. Within the cyan color class, psamFP488 is unusual because it exhibits a significantly extended Stokes shift. Here, we applied ultrafast transient absorption and pump-dump-probe spectroscopy to investigate the mechanistic basis of psamFP488 fluorescence, complemented with fluorescence quantum yield and dynamic light scattering measurements. Transient absorption spectroscopy indicated that, upon excitation at 410 nm, the stimulated cyan emission rises in 170 fs. With pump-dump-probe spectroscopy, we observe a very short-lived (110 fs) ground-state intermediate that we assign to the deprotonated, anionic chromophore. In addition, a minor fraction (14%) decays with 3.5 ps to the ground state. Structural analysis of homologous proteins indicates that Glu-167 is likely positioned in sufficiently close vicinity to the chromophore to act as a proton acceptor. Our findings support a model where unusually fast ESPT from the neutral chromophore to Glu-167 with a time constant of 170 fs and resulting emission from the anionic chromophore forms the basis of the large psamFP488 Stokes shift. When dumped to the ground state, the proton on neutral Glu is very rapidly shuttled back to the anionic chromophore in 110 fs. Proton shuttling in excited and ground states is a factor of 20-4000 faster than in GFP, which probably results from a favorable hydrogen-bonding geometry between the chromophore phenolic oxygen and the glutamate acceptor, possibly involving a short hydrogen bond. At any time in the reaction, the proton is localized on either the chromophore or Glu-167, which implies that most likely no low-barrier hydrogen bond exists between these molecular groups. This work supports the notion that proton transfer in biological systems, be it in an electronic excited or ground state, can be an intrinsically fast process that occurs on a 100 fs time scale. PsamFP488 represents an attractive model system that poses an ultrafast proton transfer regime in discrete steps. It constitutes a valuable model system in addition to wild type GFP, where proton transfer is relatively slow, and the S65T/H148D GFP mutant, where the effects of low-barrier hydrogen bonds dominate.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T M Kennis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit , De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Wagner NL, Greco JA, Enriquez MM, Frank HA, Birge RR. The nature of the intramolecular charge transfer state in peridinin. Biophys J 2013; 104:1314-25. [PMID: 23528091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical evidence is presented that supports the theory that the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state of peridinin is an evolved state formed via excited-state bond-order reversal and solvent reorganization in polar media. The ICT state evolves in <100 fs and is characterized by a large dipole moment (~35 D). The charge transfer character involves a shift of electron density within the polyene chain, and it does not involve participation of molecular orbitals localized in either of the β-rings. Charge is moved from the allenic side of the polyene into the furanic ring region and is accompanied by bond-order reversal in the central portion of the polyene chain. The electronic properties of the ICT state are generated via mixing of the "1(1)Bu(+)" ionic state and the lowest-lying "2(1)Ag(-)" covalent state. The resulting ICT state is primarily (1)Bu(+)-like in character and exhibits not only a large oscillator strength but an unusually large doubly excited character. In most solvents, two populations exist in equilibrium, one with a lowest-lying ICT ionic state and a second with a lowest-lying "2(1)Ag(-)" covalent state. The two populations are separated by a small barrier associated with solvent relaxation and cavity formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Wagner
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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25
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Durchan M, Fuciman M, Šlouf V, Keşan G, Polívka T. Excited-State Dynamics of Monomeric and Aggregated Carotenoid 8′-Apo-β-carotenal. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:12330-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp310140k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Durchan
- Institute
of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská
31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Fuciman
- Institute
of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská
31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Šlouf
- Institute
of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská
31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Gürkan Keşan
- Institute
of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská
31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- Institute
of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská
31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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26
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Šlouf V, Fuciman M, Dulebo A, Kaftan D, Koblížek M, Frank HA, Polívka T. Carotenoid charge transfer states and their role in energy transfer processes in LH1-RC complexes from aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs. J Phys Chem B 2012; 117:10987-99. [PMID: 23130956 DOI: 10.1021/jp309278y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Light-harvesting complexes ensure necessary flow of excitation energy into photosynthetic reaction centers. In the present work, transient absorption measurements were performed on LH1-RC complexes isolated from two aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs (AAPs), Roseobacter sp. COL2P containing the carotenoid spheroidenone, and Erythrobacter sp. NAP1 which contains the carotenoids zeaxanthin and bacteriorubixanthinal. We show that the spectroscopic data from the LH1-RC complex of Roseobacter sp. COL2P are very similar to those previously reported for Rhodobacter sphaeroides, including the transient absorption spectrum originating from the intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) state of spheroidenone. Although the ICT state is also populated in LH1-RC complexes of Erythrobacter sp. NAP1, its appearance is probably related to the polarity of the bacteriorubixanthinal environment rather than to the specific configuration of the carotenoid, which we hypothesize is responsible for populating the ICT state of spheroidenone in LH1-RC of Roseobacter sp. COL2P. The population of the ICT state enables efficient S1/ICT-to-bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) energy transfer which would otherwise be largely inhibited for spheroidenone and bacteriorubixanthinal due to their low energy S1 states. In addition, the triplet states of these carotenoids appear well-tuned for efficient quenching of singlet oxygen or BChl-a triplets, which is of vital importance for oxygen-dependent organisms such as AAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Šlouf
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia , Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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27
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Macernis M, Sulskus J, Duffy CDP, Ruban AV, Valkunas L. Electronic Spectra of Structurally Deformed Lutein. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:9843-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jp304363q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mindaugas Macernis
- Theoretical Physics Department,
Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University,
Saulėtekio al. 9, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, LT-02300
Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Sulskus
- Theoretical Physics Department,
Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University,
Saulėtekio al. 9, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Christopher D. P. Duffy
- School
of Biological and Chemical
Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4TN, U.K
| | - Alexander V. Ruban
- School
of Biological and Chemical
Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4TN, U.K
| | - Leonas Valkunas
- Theoretical Physics Department,
Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University,
Saulėtekio al. 9, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, LT-02300
Vilnius, Lithuania
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28
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Enriquez MM, Hananoki S, Hasegawa S, Kajikawa T, Katsumura S, Wagner NL, Birge RR, Frank HA. Effect of Molecular Symmetry on the Spectra and Dynamics of the Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) state of peridinin. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:10748-56. [PMID: 22889055 DOI: 10.1021/jp305804q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The spectroscopic properties and dynamics of the excited states of two different synthetic analogues of peridinin were investigated as a function of solvent polarity using steady-state absorption, fluorescence, and ultrafast time-resolved optical spectroscopy. The analogues are denoted S-1- and S-2-peridinin and differ from naturally occurring peridinin in the location of the lactone ring and its associated carbonyl group, known to be obligatory for the observation of a solvent dependence of the lifetime of the S(1) state of carotenoids. Relative to peridinin, S-1- and S-2-peridinin have their lactone rings two and four carbons more toward the center of the π-electron system of conjugated carbon-carbon double bonds, respectively. The present experimental results show that as the polarity of the solvent increases, the steady-state spectra of the molecules broaden, and the lowest excited state lifetime of S-1-peridinin changes from ∼155 to ∼17 ps which is similar to the magnitude of the effect reported for peridinin. The solvent-induced change in the lowest excited state lifetime of S-2-peridinin is much smaller and changes only from ∼90 to ∼67 ps as the solvent polarity is increased. These results are interpreted in terms of an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state that is formed readily in peridinin and S-1-peridinin, but not in S-2-peridinin. Quantum mechanical computations reveal the critical factors required for the formation of the ICT state and the associated solvent-modulated effects on the spectra and dynamics of these molecules and other carbonyl-containing carotenoids and polyenes. The factors are the magnitude and orientation of the ground- and excited-state dipole moments which must be suitable to generate sufficient mixing of the lowest two excited singlet states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam M Enriquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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29
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Fuciman M, Enriquez MM, Kaligotla S, Niedzwiedzki DM, Kajikawa T, Aoki K, Katsumura S, Frank HA. Singlet and Triplet State Spectra and Dynamics of Structurally Modified Peridinins. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:4436-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jp110092c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Fuciman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U-3060, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Miriam M. Enriquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U-3060, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Shanti Kaligotla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U-3060, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Dariusz M. Niedzwiedzki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U-3060, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Takayuki Kajikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Kwansei Gakuin University, 669-1337, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Aoki
- Department of Chemistry, Kwansei Gakuin University, 669-1337, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Katsumura
- Department of Chemistry, Kwansei Gakuin University, 669-1337, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Harry A. Frank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U-3060, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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30
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Hill MP, Freer LH, Vang MC, Carroll EC, Larsen DS. Multiphoton Manipulations of Enzymatic Photoactivity in Aspartate Aminotransferase. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:4474-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jp112400g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa P. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Lucy H. Freer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Mai C. Vang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Delmar S. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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31
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Jailaubekov AE, Vengris M, Song SH, Kusumoto T, Hashimoto H, Larsen DS. Deconstructing the Excited-State Dynamics of β-Carotene in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:3905-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1082906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Askat E. Jailaubekov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Mikas Vengris
- Quantum Electronics Department, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 10, LT10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sang-Hun Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Toshiyuki Kusumoto
- Department of Physics and CREST/JST, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Department of Physics and CREST/JST, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Delmar S. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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32
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Novoderezhkin VI, Cohen Stuart TA, van Grondelle R. Dynamics of Exciton Relaxation in LH2 Antenna Probed by Multipulse Nonlinear Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:3834-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jp108187m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I. Novoderezhkin
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Thomas A. Cohen Stuart
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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33
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Kosumi D, Kusumoto T, Fujii R, Sugisaki M, Iinuma Y, Oka N, Takaesu Y, Taira T, Iha M, Frank HA, Hashimoto H. Ultrafast excited state dynamics of fucoxanthin: excitation energy dependent intramolecular charge transfer dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:10762-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02568b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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34
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Enriquez MM, Fuciman M, LaFountain AM, Wagner NL, Birge RR, Frank HA. The intramolecular charge transfer state in carbonyl-containing polyenes and carotenoids. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:12416-26. [PMID: 20825184 PMCID: PMC2950165 DOI: 10.1021/jp106113h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Numerous femtosecond time-resolved optical spectroscopic experiments have reported that the lifetime of the low-lying S(1) state of carbonyl-containing polyenes and carotenoids decreases with increasing solvent polarity. The effect becomes even more pronounced as the number of double bonds in the conjugated π-electron system decreases. The effect has been attributed to an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state coupled to S(1), but it is still not clear what the precise molecular nature of this state is, and how it is able to modulate the spectral and dynamic properties of polyenes and carotenoids. In this work, we examine the nature of the ICT state in three substituted polyenes: crocetindial, which contains two terminal, symmetrically substituted carbonyl groups in conjugation with the π-electron system, 8,8'-diapocarotene-8'-ol-8-al, which has one terminal conjugated carbonyl group and one hydroxyl group, and 8,8'-diapocarotene-8,8'-diol, which has two terminal, symmetrically positioned, hydroxyl groups but no carbonyls. Femtosecond time-resolved optical spectroscopic experiments on these molecules reveal that only the asymmetrically substituted 8,8'-diapocarotene-8'-ol-8-al exhibits any substantial effect of solvent on the excited state spectra and dynamics. The data are interpreted using molecular orbital theory which shows that the ICT state develops via mixing of the low-lying S(1) (2(1)A(g)-like) and S(2) (1(1)B(u)-like) excited singlet states to form a resultant state that preferentially evolves in polar solvent and exhibits a very large (∼25 D) dipole moment. Molecular dynamics calculations demonstrate that the features of the ICT state are present in ∼20 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam M. Enriquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U-3060, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
| | - Marcel Fuciman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U-3060, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
| | - Amy M. LaFountain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U-3060, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
| | - Nicole L. Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U-3060, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
| | - Robert R. Birge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U-3060, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
| | - Harry A. Frank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U-3060, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
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35
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36
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Kusumoto T, Horibe T, Kajikawa T, Hasegawa S, Iwashita T, Cogdell RJ, Birge RR, Frank HA, Katsumura S, Hashimoto H. Stark Absorption Spectroscopy of Peridinin and Allene-Modified Analogues. Chem Phys 2010; 373:71-79. [PMID: 21339887 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2010.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Stark absorption spectra of peridinin (Per) and five allene-modified analogues and their angular dependence as a function of an externally applied electric field were measured in methyl methacrylate polymer at 77K. In all cases, the energetically lowest absorption band has a significant change of static dipole moment upon photoexcitation (Δμ). In particular, Per has the largest value of |Δμ|. The angles between Δμ and the transition dipole moment of all the analogues were determined. It is suggested that the allene group in Per plays a key role as the electron donor in the charge transfer process following photoexcitation. The results of MNDO-PSDCI calculations support this idea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Kusumoto
- Department of Physics and CREST-JST, Graduated School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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37
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Jailaubekov AE, Song SH, Vengris M, Cogdell RJ, Larsen DS. Using narrowband excitation to confirm that the S∗ state in carotenoids is not a vibrationally-excited ground state species. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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Bonetti C, Alexandre MTA, van Stokkum IHM, Hiller RG, Groot ML, van Grondelle R, Kennis JTM. Identification of excited-state energy transfer and relaxation pathways in the peridinin–chlorophyll complex: an ultrafast mid-infrared study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:9256-66. [DOI: 10.1039/b923695c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Kosumi D, Kusumoto T, Fujii R, Sugisaki M, Iinuma Y, Oka N, Takaesu Y, Taira T, Iha M, Frank HA, Hashimoto H. One- and two-photon pump–probe optical spectroscopic measurements reveal the S1 and intramolecular charge transfer states are distinct in fucoxanthin. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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Niedzwiedzki DM, Chatterjee N, Enriquez MM, Kajikawa T, Hasegawa S, Katsumura S, Frank HA. Spectroscopic investigation of peridinin analogues having different pi-electron conjugated chain lengths: exploring the nature of the intramolecular charge transfer state. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:13604-12. [PMID: 19775150 PMCID: PMC2763307 DOI: 10.1021/jp903923r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The lifetime of the lowest excited singlet (S(1)) state of peridinin and many other carbonyl-containing carotenoids and polyenes has been reported to depend on the polarity of the solvent. This effect has been attributed to the presence of an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state in the manifold of excited states for these molecules. The nature of this ICT state has yet to be elucidated. In the present work, steady-state and ultrafast time-resolved optical spectroscopy have been performed on peridinin and three synthetic analogues, C(33)-peridinin, C(35)-peridinin, and C(39)-peridinin, which have different numbers of conjugated carbon-carbon double bonds. Otherwise, the molecules are structurally similar in that they possess the same functional groups. The trends in the positions of the steady-state and transient spectral profiles for this systematic series of molecules allow an assignment of the spectral features to transitions involving the S(0), S(1), S(2), and ICT states. A kinetics analysis reveals the lifetimes of the excited states and the dynamics of their excited state deactivation pathways. The most striking observation in the data is that the lifetime of the ICT state converges to the same value of 10.0 +/- 2.0 ps in the polar solvent, methanol, for all the peridinin analogues, regardless of the extent of pi-electron conjugation. This suggests that the ICT state is highly localized on the lactone ring, which is a common structural feature in all the molecules. The data further suggest that the S(1) and ICT states behave independently and that the ICT state is populated from both S(1) and S(2), the rate and efficiency from S(1) being dependent on the length of the pi-electron chain of the carotenoid and the solvent polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz M. Niedzwiedzki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U-3060, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
| | - Nirmalya Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U-3060, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
| | - Miriam M. Enriquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U-3060, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
| | - Takayuki Kajikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Kwansei Gakuin University, 669-1337, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shinji Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Kwansei Gakuin University, 669-1337, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Katsumura
- Department of Chemistry, Kwansei Gakuin University, 669-1337, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Harry A. Frank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U-3060, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
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41
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Berera R, van Grondelle R, Kennis JTM. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy: principles and application to photosynthetic systems. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2009; 101:105-18. [PMID: 19578970 PMCID: PMC2744833 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-009-9454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The photophysical and photochemical reactions, after light absorption by a photosynthetic pigment-protein complex, are among the fastest events in biology, taking place on timescales ranging from tens of femtoseconds to a few nanoseconds. The advent of ultrafast laser systems that produce pulses with femtosecond duration opened up a new area of research and enabled investigation of these photophysical and photochemical reactions in real time. Here, we provide a basic description of the ultrafast transient absorption technique, the laser and wavelength-conversion equipment, the transient absorption setup, and the collection of transient absorption data. Recent applications of ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy on systems with increasing degree of complexity, from biomimetic light-harvesting systems to natural light-harvesting antennas, are presented. In particular, we will discuss, in this educational review, how a molecular understanding of the light-harvesting and photoprotective functions of carotenoids in photosynthesis is accomplished through the application of ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Berera
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology and Technology of Saclay, CEA (Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique), URA 2096 CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), 91191 Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John T. M. Kennis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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42
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Inter-pigment interactions in the peridinin chlorophyll protein studied by global and target analysis of time resolved absorption spectra. Chem Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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43
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Chatterjee N, Niedzwiedzki DM, Kajikawa T, Hasegawa S, Katsumura S, Frank HA. Effect of pi-electron conjugation length on the solvent-dependent S(1) lifetime of peridinin. Chem Phys Lett 2008; 463:219-224. [PMID: 19777053 DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Peridinin exhibits an anomalous solvent dependence of its S(1) excited state lifetime attributed to the presence of an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state. The nature of this state has yet to be elucidated. Ultrafast time-resolved optical spectroscopy has been performed on a synthetic analog, C(35)-peridinin, having one less conjugated double bond than peridinin. The data reveal the lifetime decreases from 1.5 ns in n-hexane to 9.2 ps in methanol, an order of magnitude larger than peridinin. This is the strongest solvent dependence on the lifetime of an S(1) state of a carotenoid yet reported. The data support the view that the S(1) and ICT states are strongly coupled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalya Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3060, USA
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44
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Energy transfer in the peridinin-chlorophyll protein complex reconstituted with mixed chlorophyll sites. Biophys J 2008; 94:3198-207. [PMID: 18192358 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.107.123430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We use femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to study chlorophyll (Chl)-Chl energy transfer in the peridinin-chlorophyll protein (PCP) reconstituted with mixtures of either chlorophyll b (Chlb) and Chld or Chla and bacteriochlorophyll a (BChla). Analysis of absorption and transient absorption spectra demonstrated that reconstitution with chlorophyll mixtures produces a significant fraction of PCP complexes that contains a different Chl in each domain of the PCP monomer. The data also suggest that binding affinity of Chla is less than that of the other three Chl species. By exciting the Chl species lying at higher energy, we obtained energy transfer times of 40 +/- 5 ps (Chlb-Chld) and 59 +/- 3 ps (Chla-BChla). The experimental values match those obtained from the Förster equation, 36 and 50 ps, respectively, showing that energy transfer proceeds via the Förster mechanism. Excitation of peridinin in the PCP complex reconstituted with Chla/BChla mixture provided time constants of 2.6 and 0.4 ps for the peridinin-Chla and peridinin-BChla energy transfer, matching those obtained from studies of PCP complexes reconstituted with single chlorophyll species.
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45
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Stalke S, Wild DA, Lenzer T, Kopczynski M, Lohse PW, Oum K. Solvent-dependent ultrafast internal conversion dynamics of n′-apo-β-carotenoic-n′-acids (n = 8, 10, 12). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:2180-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b720037d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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46
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Akemann W, Laage D, Plaza P, Martin MM, Blanchard-Desce M. Photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer in push-pull polyenes: effects of solvation, electron-donor group, and polyenic chain length. J Phys Chem B 2007; 112:358-68. [PMID: 17997542 DOI: 10.1021/jp075418z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Subpicosecond absorption spectroscopy is used to characterize the primary photoinduced processes in a class of push-pull polyenes bearing a julolidine end group as the electron donor and a diethylthiobarbituric acid end group as the electron acceptor. The excited-state decay time and relaxation pathway have been studied for four polyenes of increasing chain length (n = 2-5 double bonds) in aprotic solvents of different solvation time, polarity, and viscosity. Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) leading to a transient state of cyanine-like structure (fully conjugated with no bond length alternation) is observed in all polar solvents at a solvent dependent rate, but the reaction is not observed in cyclohexane, a nonpolar solvent. In polar solvents, the reaction time increases with the average solvation time but remains slightly larger, except in the viscous solvent triacetin. These facts are interpreted as an indication that both solvent reorganization and internal restructuring are involved in the ICT-state formation. The observed photodynamics resemble those we previously found for another class of polyenes bearing a dibutylaniline group as the donor, including a similar charge-transfer rate in spite of the larger electron donor character of the julolidine group. This observation brings further support to the proposal that an intramolecular coordinate is involved in the charge-transfer reaction, possibly a torsional motion of the donor end group. On the other hand, relaxation of the ICT state leads to cis-trans isomerization or crossing to the triplet state, depending on the length of the polyenic chain. In dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, and triacetin, the ICT state of the shorter chains (n = 2, 3) relaxes to the isomer with a viscosity-dependent rate, while that of the longer ones (n = 4, 5) leads to the triplet state with a viscosity-independent rate, as expected. In acetonitrile, the ICT-state lifetime is generally much shorter. A change from photoisomerization to intersystem crossing at n = 4 is also proposed in this solvent, but the formation of a photoproduct at n = 2 is not clear. In cyclohexane, where the ICT state is not formed, the relaxation pathway of the initially excited state is found to lead to an isomer for n = 2. As in polar solvents, a change to intersystem crossing at n = 4 is proposed. The direct relaxation to the ground state found at n = 3 for the series bearing a dibutylaniline group is not observed with the julolidine group. The results clearly illustrate that photoinduced reaction trajectories in push-pull polyenes are controlled by the static and dynamic properties of the solvent, the chemical nature and size of the end groups, and the conjugated-chain length and flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walther Akemann
- UMR CNRS 8640, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
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Kühn O, Wöste L. Biological systems: Applications and perspectives. ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF ULTRAFAST PHOTOINDUCED REACTIONS 2007. [PMCID: PMC7122019 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-68038-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kühn
- Institut f. Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ludger Wöste
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Kopczynski M, Ehlers F, Lenzer T, Oum K. Evidence for an Intramolecular Charge Transfer State in 12‘-Apo-β-caroten-12‘-al and 8‘-Apo-β-caroten-8‘-al: Influence of Solvent Polarity and Temperature. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:5370-81. [PMID: 17550237 DOI: 10.1021/jp0672252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ultrafast excited-state dynamics of two carbonyl-containing carotenoids, 12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al and 8'-apo-beta-caroten-8'-al, have been investigated by transient absorption spectroscopy in a systematic variation of solvent polarity and temperature. In most of the experiments, 12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al was excited at 430 nm and 8'-apo-beta-caroten-8'-al at 445 or 450 nm via the S0 --> S2 (11Ag- --> 11Bu+) transition. The excited-state dynamics were then probed at 860 nm for 12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al and at 890 or 900 nm for 8'-apo-beta-caroten-8'-al. The temporal evolution of all transient signals measured in this work can be characterized by an ultrafast decay of the S2 --> SN absorption at early times followed by the formation of a stimulated emission (SE) signal, which subsequently decays on a much slower time scale. We assign the SE signal to a low-lying electronic state of the apocarotenals with intramolecular charge-transfer character (ICT --> S0). This is the first time that the involvement of an ICT state has been detected in the excited-state dynamics of a carbonyl carotenoid in nonpolar solvents such as n-hexane or i-octane. The amplitude ratio of ICT-stimulated emission to S2 absorption was weaker in nonpolar solvents than in polar solvents. We interpret the results in terms of a kinetic model, where the S1 and ICT states are populated from S2 through an ultrafast excited-state branching reaction (tau2 < 120 fs). Delayed formation of a part of the stimulated emission is due to the transition S1 --> ICT (tau3 = 0.5-4.1 ps, depending on the solvent), which possibly involves a slower backward reaction ICT --> S1. Determinations of tau1 were carried out for a large set of solvents. Especially in 12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al, the final SE decay, assigned to the nonradiative relaxation ICT --> S0, was strongly dependent on solvent polarity, varying from tau1 = 200 ps in n-hexane to 6.6 ps in methanol. In the case of 8'-apo-beta-caroten-8'-al, corresponding values were 24.8 and 7.6 ps, respectively. This indicates an increasing stabilization of the ICT state with increasing solvent polarity, resulting in a decreasing ICT-S0 energy gap. Tuning the pump wavelength from the blue wing to the maximum of the S0 --> S2 absorption band resulted in no change of tau1 in acetone and methanol. Additional measurements in methanol after excitation in the red edge of the S0 --> S2 band (480-525 nm) also show an almost constant tau1 with only a 10% reduction at the largest probe wavelengths. The temperature dependence of the tau1 value of 12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al was well described by Arrhenius-type behavior. The extracted apparent activation energies for the ICT --> S0 transitions were in general small (on the order of a few times RT), which is in the range expected for a radiationless process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthäus Kopczynski
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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49
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Ehlers F, Wild DA, Lenzer T, Oum K. Investigation of the S1/ICT → S0 Internal Conversion Lifetime of 4‘-apo-β-caroten-4‘-al and 8‘-apo-β-caroten-8‘-al: Dependence on Conjugation Length and Solvent Polarity. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:2257-65. [PMID: 17388322 DOI: 10.1021/jp0676888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast internal conversion (IC) dynamics of aldehyde-substituted apocarotenoids (n'-apo-beta-caroten-n'-als with n=4, 8 and 12) have been investigated in a systematic variation of conjugation length and solvent polarity using time-resolved femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. After excitation to the S2 state with different excess energies, the subsequent intramolecular dynamics were investigated at several probe wavelengths covering the S0-->S2 and S1/ICT-->Sn absorption bands. Time constants tau1 for the internal conversion process S1/ICT-->S0 of 4'-apo-beta-caroten-4'-al and 8'-apo-beta-caroten-8'-al have been newly measured. We compared these results with our earlier measurements for 12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al (D.A. Wild, K. Winkler, S. Stalke, K. Oum, T. Lenzer Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2006, 8, 2499). In the case of the aldehyde with the longest conjugation (4'-apo-beta-caroten-4'-al), tau1 is almost independent of solvent polarity (4-5 ps), whereas a significant reduction of tau1 from 22.7 to 8.6 ps for the shorter 8'-apo-beta-caroten-8'-al and an even more pronounced reduction from 220 to 8.0 ps for 12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al were observed when the solvent medium was changed from n-hexane to methanol, respectively. In n-hexane, tau1 of the apocarotenals is strongly dependent on the conjugation length and this can be well understood in terms of an energy gap law description where the S1-S0 energy differences were estimated from their steady-state fluorescence spectra. In highly polar solvents, the IC to S0 is very fast, irrespective of the conjugation length. This is probably due to the stabilization of an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state in 12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al and 8'-apo-beta-caroten-8'-al. In the case of 4'-apo-beta-caroten-4'-al, such an influence of an ICT state is presumably less important than for the other two apocarotenals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ehlers
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Abt. Spektroskopie und Photochemische Kinetik (10100), Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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50
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Polívka T, Hiller RG, Frank HA. Spectroscopy of the peridinin–chlorophyll-a protein: Insight into light-harvesting strategy of marine algae. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 458:111-20. [PMID: 17098207 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2006.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Revised: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An important component of the photosynthetic apparatus is a light-harvesting system that captures light energy and transfers it efficiently to the reaction center. Depending on environmental conditions, photosynthetic antennae have adopted various strategies for this function. Peridinin-chlorophyll-a protein (PCP) represents a unique situation because, unlike other antenna systems which have a preponderance of chlorophyll, it has the carotenoid, peridinin, as its major pigment. The key structural feature of peridinin is a conjugated carbonyl group. Owing to the presence of this group, an intramolecular charge-transfer excited state is formed in peridinin which exhibits different excited state spectra and dynamics depending on the polarity of the environment. The charge-transfer state also facilitates energy transfer between peridinin and chlorophyll-a in PCP. This review summarizes results of spectroscopic investigations of PCP in the past few years, emphasizing the specific light-harvesting strategy developed by marine photosynthetic organisms utilizing carbonyl-containing carotenoids in their antenna complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Polívka
- Institute of Physical Biology, University of South Bohemia, Zamek 136, CZ-373 33 Nove Hrady, Czech Republic.
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