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Mir SS, Bhat HF, Bhat ZF. Dynamic actin remodeling in response to lysophosphatidic acid. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 38:5253-5265. [PMID: 31920158 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1696230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a multifunctional regulator of actin cytoskeleton that exerts a dramatic impact on the actin cytoskeleton to build a platform for diverse cellular processes including growth cone guidance, neurite retraction and cell motility. It has been implicated in the formation and dissociation of complexes between actin and actin binding proteins, supporting its role in actin remodeling. Several studies point towards its ability to facilitate formation of special cellular structures including focal adhesions and actin stress fibres by phosphoregulation of several actin associated proteins and their multiple regulatory kinases and phosphatases. In addition, multiple levels of crosstalk among the signaling cascades activated by LPA, affect actin cytoskeleton-mediated cell migration and chemotaxis which in turn play a crucial role in cancer metastasis. In the current review, we have attempted to highlight the role of LPA as an actin modulator which functions by controlling activities of specific cellular proteins that underlie mechanisms employed in cytoskeletal and pathophysiological events within the cell. Further studies on the actin affecting/remodeling activity of LPA in different cell types will no doubt throw up many surprises essential to gain a full understanding of its contribution in physiological processes as well as in diseases.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima S Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu And Kashmir, India.,Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, Jammu And Kashmir, India
| | - Hina F Bhat
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, Jammu And Kashmir, India
| | - Zuhaib F Bhat
- Department of Wine, Food & Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand.,Division of Livestock Products and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu (SKUAST-J), R.S. Pora, Jammu And Kashmir, India
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Rustgi S, Springer A, Kang C, von Wettstein D, Reinbothe C, Reinbothe S, Pollmann S. ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE and HYDROPEROXIDE LYASE, Two Non-Canonical Cytochrome P450s in Arabidopsis thaliana and Their Different Roles in Plant Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3064. [PMID: 31234561 PMCID: PMC6627107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The channeling of metabolites is an essential step of metabolic regulation in all living organisms. Multifunctional enzymes with defined domains for metabolite compartmentalization are rare, but in many cases, larger assemblies forming multimeric protein complexes operate in defined metabolic shunts. In Arabidopsis thaliana, a multimeric complex was discovered that contains a 13-lipoxygenase and allene oxide synthase (AOS) as well as allene oxide cyclase. All three plant enzymes are localized in chloroplasts, contributing to the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA). JA and its derivatives act as ubiquitous plant defense regulators in responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. AOS belongs to the superfamily of cytochrome P450 enzymes and is named CYP74A. Another CYP450 in chloroplasts, hydroperoxide lyase (HPL, CYP74B), competes with AOS for the common substrate. The products of the HPL reaction are green leaf volatiles that are involved in the deterrence of insect pests. Both enzymes represent non-canonical CYP450 family members, as they do not depend on O2 and NADPH-dependent CYP450 reductase activities. AOS and HPL activities are crucial for plants to respond to different biotic foes. In this mini-review, we aim to summarize how plants make use of the LOX2-AOS-AOC2 complex in chloroplasts to boost JA biosynthesis over volatile production and how this situation may change in plant communities during mass ingestion by insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Rustgi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Florence, SC 29506, USA.
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Armin Springer
- Medizinische Biologie und Elektronenmikroskopisches Zentrum (EMZ), Universitätsmedizin Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
| | - ChulHee Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Biomolecular Crystallography Center, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Diter von Wettstein
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Christiane Reinbothe
- Biologie Environnementale et Systémique (BEEeSy), Université Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, CEDEX, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
| | - Steffen Reinbothe
- Biologie Environnementale et Systémique (BEEeSy), Université Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, CEDEX, F-38041 Grenoble, France.
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
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Anthocyanins from Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx attenuate in vitro and in vivo melanoma cancer metastasis. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Ryu JM, Han HJ. Autotaxin-LPA axis regulates hMSC migration by adherent junction disruption and cytoskeletal rearrangement via LPAR1/3-dependent PKC/GSK3β/β-catenin and PKC/Rho GTPase pathways. Stem Cells 2015; 33:819-32. [PMID: 25376707 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive molecules and stem cell-based regenerative engineering is emerging a promising approach for regenerating tissues. Autotaxin (ATX) is a key enzyme that regulates lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) levels in biological fluids, which exerts a wide range of cellular functions. However, the biological role of ATX in human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) migration remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, we observed that hMSCs, which were stimulated with LPA, accelerated wound healing, and LPA increased the migration of hMSCs into a wound site in a mouse skin wound healing model. In an experiment to investigate the effect of LPA on hMSC migration, ATX and LPA increased hMSC migration in a dose-dependent manner, and LPA receptor 1/3 siRNA transfections inhibited the ATX-induced cell migration. Furthermore, LPA increased Ca(2+) influx and PKC phosphorylation, which were blocked by Gαi and Gαq knockdown as well as by Ptx pretreatment. LPA increased GSK3β phosphorylation and β-catenin activation. LPA induced the cytosol to nuclear translocation of β-catenin, which was inhibited by PKC inhibitors. LPA stimulated the binding of β-catenin on the E-box located in the promoter of the CDH-1 gene and decreased CDH-1 promoter activity. In addition, the ATX and LPA-induced increase in hMSC migration was blocked by β-catenin siRNA transfection. LPA-induced PKC phosphorylation is also involved in Rac1 and CDC42 activation, and Rac1 and CDC42 knockdown abolished LPA-induced F-actin reorganization. In conclusion, ATX/LPA stimulates the migration of hMSCs through LPAR1/3-dependent E-cadherin reduction and cytoskeletal rearrangement via PKC/GSK3β/β-catenin and PKC/Rho GTPase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Ryu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; BK21 PLUS Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Liu C, Huang D, Yang T, Cremer PS. Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Proteins that Bind to the Identical Ligand in Supported Lipid Bilayers. Anal Chem 2015; 87:7163-70. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Da Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Tinglu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Paul S. Cremer
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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RNAi-mediated knockdown of protein kinase C-alpha inhibits cell migration in MM-RU human metastatic melanoma cell line. Melanoma Res 2010; 20:171-8. [PMID: 20216103 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0b013e32832f1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a multigene family of serine/threonine protein kinases involved in cell signaling pathways of proliferation and motility. PKC interacts with Rho GTPases in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. The PKC-alpha isozyme binds the Rho GTPase cdc42, and both are coordinated with the Rac-phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway in melanoma cell invasion and migration on extracellular matrix proteins. To further define the role of PKC-alpha in melanoma cell migration, we tested the effect of PDBu and Ca dependent activation of PKC-alpha as well as treatment with the PKC-alpha inhibitors calphostin C and Go6976. Furthermore, we transfected siRNA targeted against PKC-alpha into human melanoma cells and performed time-lapse analysis of cell migration followed by western immunoblotting. We found that significant enhancement of cell migration at 0.5 h after PDBu treatment directly correlated with Ca dependent activation of PKC-alpha and was inhibited by the PKC-alpha inhibitor calphostin C. PKC-alpha siRNA transfection nearly abrogated PKC-alpha expression and significantly reduced melanoma cell migration compared with siRNA controls. These findings provide further evidence that PKC-alpha plays an important role in melanoma cell migration and may have implications in therapies designed to disrupt melanoma cell motility by alteration of PKC-alpha signaling.
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Gilbert NC, Niebuhr M, Tsuruta H, Bordelon T, Ridderbusch O, Dassey A, Brash AR, Bartlett SG, Newcomer ME. A covalent linker allows for membrane targeting of an oxylipin biosynthetic complex. Biochemistry 2008; 47:10665-76. [PMID: 18785758 PMCID: PMC2665874 DOI: 10.1021/bi800751p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A naturally occurring bifunctional protein from Plexaura homomalla links sequential catalytic activities in an oxylipin biosynthetic pathway. The C-terminal lipoxygenase (LOX) portion of the molecule catalyzes the transformation of arachidonic acid (AA) to the corresponding 8 R-hydroperoxide, and the N-terminal allene oxide synthase (AOS) domain promotes the conversion of the hydroperoxide intermediate to the product allene oxide (AO). Small-angle X-ray scattering data indicate that in the absence of a covalent linkage the two catalytic domains that transform AA to AO associate to form a complex that recapitulates the structure of the bifunctional protein. The SAXS data also support a model for LOX and AOS domain orientation in the fusion protein inferred from a low-resolution crystal structure. However, results of membrane binding experiments indicate that covalent linkage of the domains is required for Ca (2+)-dependent membrane targeting of the sequential activities, despite the noncovalent domain association. Furthermore, membrane targeting is accompanied by a conformational change as monitored by specific proteolysis of the linker that joins the AOS and LOX domains. Our data are consistent with a model in which Ca (2+)-dependent membrane binding relieves the noncovalent interactions between the AOS and LOX domains and suggests that the C2-like domain of LOX mediates both protein-protein and protein-membrane interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcia E. Newcomer
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, Tel : (225)578-7383, Fax: (225)578-7258, E-Mail:
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Ho C, Shanmugasundararaj S, Miller KW, Malinowski SA, Cook AC, Slater SJ. Interaction of anesthetics with the Rho GTPase regulator Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor. Biochemistry 2008; 47:9540-52. [PMID: 18702520 DOI: 10.1021/bi800544d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The physiological effects of anesthetics have been ascribed to their interaction with hydrophobic sites within functionally relevant CNS proteins. Studies have shown that volatile anesthetics compete for luciferin binding to the hydrophobic substrate binding site within firefly luciferase and inhibit its activity (Franks, N. P., and Lieb, W. R. (1984) Nature 310, 599-601). To assess whether anesthetics also compete for ligand binding to a mammalian signal transduction protein, we investigated the interaction of the volatile anesthetic, halothane, with the Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDIalpha), which binds the geranylgeranyl moiety of GDP-bound Rho GTPases. Consistent with the existence of a discrete halothane binding site, the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of RhoGDIalpha was quenched by halothane (2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) in a saturable, concentration-dependent manner. Bromine quenching of tryptophan fluorescence is short-range and W192 and W194 of the RhoGDIalpha are located within the geranylgeranyl binding pocket, suggesting that halothane binds within this region. Supporting this, N-acetyl-geranylgeranyl cysteine reversed tryptophan quenching by halothane. Short chain n-alcohols ( n < 6) also reversed tryptophan quenching, suggesting that RhoGDIalpha may also bind n-alkanols. Consistent with this, E193 was photolabeled by 3-azibutanol. This residue is located in the vicinity of, but outside, the geranylgeranyl chain binding pocket, suggesting that the alcohol binding site is distinct from that occupied by halothane. Supporting this, N-acetyl-geranylgeranyl cysteine enhanced E193 photolabeling by 3-azibutanol. Overall, the results suggest that halothane binds to a site within the geranylgeranyl chain binding pocket of RhoGDIalpha, whereas alcohols bind to a distal site that interacts allosterically with this pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cojen Ho
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Survey of the year 2006 commercial optical biosensor literature. J Mol Recognit 2007; 20:300-66. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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