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Kamada S, Nakajima Y, Shen JR. Structural insights into the action mechanisms of artificial electron acceptors in photosystem II. J Biol Chem 2023:104839. [PMID: 37209822 PMCID: PMC10300377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) utilizes light energy to split water, and the electrons extracted from water are transferred to QB, a plastoquinone (PQ) molecule bound to the D1 subunit of PSII. Many artificial electron acceptors (AEAs) with similar molecular structures to PQ can accept electrons from PSII. However, the molecular mechanism by which AEAs act on PSII is unclear. Here, we solved the crystal structure of PSII treated with three different AEAs, 2,5-dibromo-1,4-benzoquinone, 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone, and 2-phenyl-1,4-benzoquinone, at 1.95-2.10 Å resolution. Our results show that all AEAs substitute for QB and are bound to the QB-binding site (QB site) to receive electrons, but their binding strengths are different, resulting in differences in their efficiencies to accept electrons. The acceptor 2-phenyl-1,4-benzoquinone binds most weakly to the QB site, and showed the highest oxygen-evolving activity, implying a reverse relationship between the binding strength and oxygen-evolving activity. In addition, a novel quinone binding site, designated the QD site, was discovered, which is located in the vicinity of QB site and close to QC site, a binding site reported previously. This QD site is expected to play a role as a channel or a storage site for quinones to be transported to the QB site. These results provide the structural basis for elucidating the actions of AEAs and exchange mechanism of QB in PSII, and also provide information for the design of more efficient electron acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kamada
- Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakajima
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8503, Japan.
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8503, Japan.
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2
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Manoj KM, Gideon DA, Parashar A, Nirusimhan V, Annadurai P, Jacob VD, Manekkathodi A. Validating the predictions of murburn model for oxygenic photosynthesis: Analyses of ligand-binding to protein complexes and cross-system comparisons. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:11024-11056. [PMID: 34328391 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1953607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this second half of our treatise on oxygenic photosynthesis, we provide support for the murburn model of the light reaction of photosynthesis and ratify key predictions made in the first part. Molecular docking and visualization of various ligands of quinones/quinols (and their derivatives) with PS II/Cytochrome b6f complexes did not support chartered 2e-transport role of quinols. A broad variety of herbicides did not show any affinity/binding-based rationales for inhibition of photosynthesis. We substantiate the proposal that disubstituted phenolics (perceived as protonophores/uncouplers or affinity-based inhibitors in the classical purview) serve as interfacial modulators of diffusible reactive (oxygen) species or DR(O)S. The DRS-based murburn model is evidenced by the identification of multiple ADP-binding sites on the extra-membraneous projection of protein complexes and structure/distribution of the photo/redox catalysts. With a panoramic comparison of the redox metabolic machinery across diverse organellar/cellular systems, we highlight the ubiquitous one-electron murburn facets (cofactors of porphyrin, flavin, FeS, other metal centers and photo/redox active pigments) that enable a facile harnessing of the utility of DRS. In the summative analyses, it is demonstrated that the murburn model of light reaction explains the structures of membrane supercomplexes recently observed in thylakoids and also accounts for several photodynamic experimental observations and evolutionary considerations. In toto, the work provides a new orientation and impetus to photosynthesis research. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelath Murali Manoj
- RedOx Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Palakkad District, Kerala, India
| | - Daniel Andrew Gideon
- RedOx Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Palakkad District, Kerala, India
| | - Abhinav Parashar
- RedOx Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Palakkad District, Kerala, India
| | - Vijay Nirusimhan
- RedOx Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Palakkad District, Kerala, India
| | - Pushparaj Annadurai
- RedOx Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Palakkad District, Kerala, India
| | - Vivian David Jacob
- RedOx Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Palakkad District, Kerala, India
| | - Afsal Manekkathodi
- RedOx Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Palakkad District, Kerala, India
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Vasilieva LG, Kaminskaya OP, Yakovlev AG, Shkuropatov AY, Semenov AY, Nadtochenko VA, Krasnovsky AA, Parson WW, Allakhverdiev SI, Govindjee G. In memory of Vladimir Anatolievich Shuvalov (1943-2022): an outstanding biophysicist. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 154:207-223. [PMID: 36070062 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present here a tribute to one of the foremost biophysicists of our time, Vladimir Anatolievich Shuvalov, who made important contributions in bioenergetics, especially on the primary steps of conversion of light energy into charge-separated states in both anoxygenic and oxygenic photosynthesis. For this, he and his research team exploited pico- and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, photodichroism & circular dichroism spectroscopy, light-induced FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopy, and hole-burning spectroscopy. We remember him for his outstanding leadership and for being a wonderful mentor to many scientists in this area. Reminiscences by many [Suleyman Allakhverdiev (Russia); Robert Blankenship (USA); Richard Cogdell (UK); Arvi Freiberg (Estonia); Govindjee Govindjee (USA); Alexander Krasnovsky, jr, (Russia); William Parson (USA); Andrei Razjivin (Russia); Jian- Ren Shen (Japan); Sergei Shuvalov (Russia); Lyudmilla Vasilieva (Russia); and Andrei Yakovlev (Russia)] have included not only his wonderful personal character, but his outstanding scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila G Vasilieva
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino Moscow Region, Pushchino, Russian Federation
| | - Olga P Kaminskaya
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino Moscow Region, Pushchino, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei G Yakovlev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoliy Ya Shkuropatov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino Moscow Region, Pushchino, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Yu Semenov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation
| | - Victor A Nadtochenko
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina St. 4, Moscow, 117977, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A Krasnovsky
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russian Federation
| | - William W Parson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino Moscow Region, Pushchino, Russian Federation.
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Govindjee Govindjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Plant Biology and Center of Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 289 Morrill Hall, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Cramer WA, Zakharov SD. Concerning the enigmatic cytochrome b-559 of oxygenic photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 153:157-162. [PMID: 35838829 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00936-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although there is an extensive literature on the properties and possible electron transfer pathways of cytochrome b-559, which is a prominent subunit of the multi-subunit photosystem II complex which functions in oxygenic photosynthesis, there is presently no consensus on the function of b-559 in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. The inability in earlier times to define a redox-linked function of this cytochrome was, to a large extent, a consequence of an absence of biochemical and structure information to complement an extensive array of spectrophotometric studies of the cytochrome in situ. Based on the location of hetero-dimeric b-559 in the photosystem II reaction center complex, derived from crystal crystallographic structure analysis, and the absence of a necessary redox function for the cytochrome in PSII, it is proposed that the main function of cytochrome b-559 is linked to its role as a structure component in the PSII reaction center complex. This function resides in the association of b-559 through its heme histidine residues in the trans-membrane domains of the PsbE and PsbF subunits of the PSII reaction center. These subunits, along with PsbJ, are inferred, from the analysis of structure, to define the intra-membrane portal in the PSII reaction center for plastoquinol (PQH2) export which, through the PSII complex, provides the redox link to the cytochrome b6f complex in the electron transfer chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Cramer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - S D Zakharov
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Chiu YF, Chu HA. New Structural and Mechanistic Insights Into Functional Roles of Cytochrome b 559 in Photosystem II. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:914922. [PMID: 35755639 PMCID: PMC9214863 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.914922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome (Cyt) b 559 is a key component of the photosystem II (PSII) complex for its assembly and proper function. Previous studies have suggested that Cytb 559 has functional roles in early assembly of PSII and in secondary electron transfer pathways that protect PSII against photoinhibition. In addition, the Cytb 559 in various PSII preparations exhibited multiple different redox potential forms. However, the precise functional roles of Cytb 559 in PSII remain unclear. Recent site-directed mutagenesis studies combined with functional genomics and biochemical analysis, as well as high-resolution x-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy studies on native, inactive, and assembly intermediates of PSII have provided important new structural and mechanistic insights into the functional roles of Cytb 559. This mini-review gives an overview of new exciting results and their significance for understanding the structural and functional roles of Cytb 559 in PSII.
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Khorobrykh A. Hydrogen Peroxide and Superoxide Anion Radical Photoproduction in PSII Preparations at Various Modifications of the Water-Oxidizing Complex. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8090329. [PMID: 31491946 PMCID: PMC6784185 DOI: 10.3390/plants8090329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The photoproduction of superoxide anion radical (O2−•) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in photosystem II (PSII) preparations depending on the damage to the water-oxidizing complex (WOC) was investigated. The light-induced formation of O2−• and H2O2 in the PSII preparations rose with the increased destruction of the WOC. The photoproduction of superoxide both in the PSII preparations holding intact WOC and the samples with damage to the WOC was approximately two times higher than H2O2. The rise of O2−• and H2O2 photoproduction in the PSII preparations in the course of the disassembly of the WOC correlated with the increase in the fraction of the low-potential (LP) Cyt b559. The restoration of electron flow in the Mn-depleted PSII preparations by exogenous electron donors (diphenylcarbazide, Mn2+) suppressed the light-induced formation of O2−• and H2O2. The decrease of O2−• and H2O2 photoproduction upon the restoration of electron transport in the Mn-depleted PSII preparations could be due to the re-conversion of the LP Cyt b559 into higher potential forms. It is supposed that the conversion of the high potential Cyt b559 into its LP form upon damage to the WOC leads to the increase of photoproduction of O2−• and H2O2 in PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Khorobrykh
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, FRC PSCBR RAS, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia.
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7
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Endo K, Kobayashi K, Wang HT, Chu HA, Shen JR, Wada H. Site-directed mutagenesis of two amino acid residues in cytochrome b 559 α subunit that interact with a phosphatidylglycerol molecule (PG772) induces quinone-dependent inhibition of photosystem II activity. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 139:267-279. [PMID: 30039358 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0555-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
X-ray crystallographic analysis (1.9-Å resolution) of the cyanobacterial photosystem II (PSII) dimer showed the presence of five phosphatidylglycerol (PG) molecules per reaction center. One of the PG molecules, PG772, is located in the vicinity of the QB-binding site. To investigate the role of PG772 in PSII, we performed site-directed mutagenesis in the cytochrome (Cyt) b559 α subunit of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to change two amino acids, Thr-5 and Ser-11, which interact with PG772. The photosynthetic activity of intact cells was slightly lower in all mutants than that of cells in the control strain; however, the oxygen-evolving PSII activity was decreased markedly in cells of mutants, as measured using artificial quinones (such as p-benzoquinone). Furthermore, electron transport from QA to QB was inhibited in mutants incubated with quinones, particularly under high-intensity light conditions. Lipid analysis of purified PSII showed approximately one PG molecule per reaction center, presumably PG772, was lost in the PSII dimer from the T5A and S11A mutants compared with that in the PSII dimer from the control strain. In addition, protein analysis of monomer and dimer showed decreased levels of PsbV and PsbU extrinsic proteins in the PSII monomer purified from T5A and S11A mutants. These results suggest that site-directed mutagenesis of Thr-5 and Ser-11, which presumably causes the loss of PG772, induces quinone-dependent inhibition of PSII activity under high-intensity light conditions and destabilizes the binding of extrinsic proteins to PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichiro Endo
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Koichi Kobayashi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hsing-Ting Wang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsiu-An Chu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hajime Wada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
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Takagi D, Ifuku K, Nishimura T, Miyake C. Antimycin A inhibits cytochrome b 559-mediated cyclic electron flow within photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 139:487-498. [PMID: 29790043 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0519-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The light reactions of photosynthesis are known to comprise both linear and cyclic electron flow in order to convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP. Antimycin A (AA) has been proposed as an inhibitor of ferredoxin-dependent cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (CEF-PSI) in photosynthesis research. However, its precise inhibitory mechanism and target site had not been elucidated yet. Here we show that AA inhibits the cyclic (alternative) electron flow via cytochrome b559 (Cyt b559) within photosystem II (CEF-PSII). When AA was applied to thylakoid membranes isolated from spinach leaves, the high potential form of Cyt b559, which was reduced in the dark, was transformed into the lower potential forms and readily oxidized by molecular oxygen. In the absence of AA, the reduced Cyt b559 was oxidized by P680+ upon light illumination and re-reduced in the dark, mainly by the electron from the QB site on the acceptor side of PSII. In contrast, AA suppressed the oxidation of Cyt b559 and induced its reduction under the illumination. This inhibition of Cyt b559 oxidation by AA enhanced photoinhibition of PSII. Based on the above results, we propose caution regarding the use of AA for evaluating CEF-PSI per se and concurrently propose that AA provides for new insights into, and interpretations of, the physiological importance of Cyt b559, rather than that of CEF-PSI in photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takagi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, 657-8511, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Ifuku
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Taishi Nishimura
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, 657-8511, Japan
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Yao M, Liu Y, Fei L, Zhou Y, Wang F, Chen J. Self-Adaptable Quinone-Quinol Exchange Mechanism of Photosystem II. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:10478-10489. [PMID: 30380868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b09641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The step of plastoquinone (PQ) reduction to plastoquinol (PQH2) can regulate the photoreaction rate of photosystem II (PSII). To experimentally unravel the PQ-PQH2 exchange mechanism of PSII, we investigate the reaction kinetics of plant PSII membranes and the subunits-trimmed PSII core complexes with various PQ analogues and directly probe the reductions of PQ and other quinones by 257 nm resonance Raman scattering. Two phases of quinone concentration effect on the reaction rate originate from the quinone-quinol exchange mechanism. The results indicate that high concentrations of quinone, more than one movable quinone molecule per PSII reaction center, could trigger quinone-quinol exchange adapting to the unidirectional route: quinones enter through channel I and/or III, and quinols leave through channel II. A weak quinone binding site near QB probably plays a crucial role in pushing quinone-quinol exchange forward in the unidirectional route. Our work provides experimental proofs demonstrating a self-adaptable quinone-quinol exchange mechanism of PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics , Mianyang 621907 , China
| | - Liping Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Fangjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Jun Chen
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory , Jiangyou 621908 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
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Kaminskaya OP, Shuvalov VA. Analysis of the transformation effect in cytochrome b559 of photosystem II in terms of the model of the heme-quinone redox interaction. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:1161-1172. [PMID: 32314739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Transformation of three-component redox pattern of cytochrome (Cyt) b559 in PS II membrane fragments upon various treatments is manifested in decrease of the relative content (R) of the high potential (HP) redox form of Cyt b559 and concomitant increase in the fractions of the two lower potential forms. Redox titration of Cyt b559 in different types of PS II membrane preparations was performed and revealed that (1) alteration of redox titration curve of Cyt b559 upon treatment of a sample is not specific to the type of treatment; (2) each value of RHP defines the individual shape of the redox titration curve; (3) population of Cyt b559 may exist in several stable forms with multicomponent redox pattern: three types of three-component redox pattern and one type of two-component redox pattern as well as in the form with a single Em; (4) transformation of Cyt b559 proceeds as successive conversion between the stable forms with multicomponent redox pattern; (5) upon harsh treatments, Cyt b559 abruptly converts into the state with a single Em which value is intermediate between the Em values of the two lower potential forms. Analysis of the data using the model of Cyt b559-quinone redox interaction revealed that diminution of RHP in a range from 80 to 10% reflects a shift in redox equilibrium between the heme group of Cyt b559 and the interacting quinone, due to a gradual decrease of 90 mV in Em of the heme group at the virtually unchanged Em of the quinone component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga P Kaminskaya
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
| | - Vladimir A Shuvalov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
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11
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Han PP, Guo RJ, Shen SG, Yan RR, Wu YK, Yao SY, Wang HY, Jia SR. Proteomic profiling of Nostoc flagelliforme reveals the common mechanism in promoting polysaccharide production by different light qualities. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Van Eerden FJ, Melo MN, Frederix PWJM, Periole X, Marrink SJ. Exchange pathways of plastoquinone and plastoquinol in the photosystem II complex. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15214. [PMID: 28489071 PMCID: PMC5436218 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastoquinone (PLQ) acts as an electron carrier between photosystem II (PSII) and the cytochrome b6f complex. To understand how PLQ enters and leaves PSII, here we show results of coarse grained molecular dynamics simulations of PSII embedded in the thylakoid membrane, covering a total simulation time of more than 0.5 ms. The long time scale allows the observation of many spontaneous entries of PLQ into PSII, and the unbinding of plastoquinol (PLQol) from the complex. In addition to the two known channels, we observe a third channel for PLQ/PLQol diffusion between the thylakoid membrane and the PLQ binding sites. Our simulations point to a promiscuous diffusion mechanism in which all three channels function as entry and exit channels. The exchange cavity serves as a PLQ reservoir. Our simulations provide a direct view on the exchange of electron carriers, a key step of the photosynthesis machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris J Van Eerden
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute &Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel N Melo
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute &Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pim W J M Frederix
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute &Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xavier Periole
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute &Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute &Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Gates C, Ananyev G, Dismukes GC. The strontium inorganic mutant of the water oxidizing center (CaMn4O5) of PSII improves WOC efficiency but slows electron flux through the terminal acceptors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1550-1560. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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14
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von Sydow L, Schwenkert S, Meurer J, Funk C, Mamedov F, Schröder WP. The PsbY protein of Arabidopsis Photosystem II is important for the redox control of cytochrome b559. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1524-1533. [PMID: 27220875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II is a protein complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane of photosynthetic organisms and performs the light driven water oxidation into electrons and molecular oxygen that initiate the photosynthetic process. This important complex is composed of more than two dozen of intrinsic and peripheral subunits, of those half are low molecular mass proteins. PsbY is one of those low molecular mass proteins; this 4.7-4.9kDa intrinsic protein seems not to bind any cofactors. Based on structural data from cyanobacterial and red algal Photosystem II PsbY is located closely or in direct contact with cytochrome b559. Cytb559 consists of two protein subunits (PsbE and PsbF) ligating a heme-group in-between them. While the exact function of this component in Photosystem II has not yet been clarified, a crucial role for assembly and photo-protection in prokaryotic complexes has been suggested. One unique feature of Cytb559 is its redox-heterogeneity, forming high, medium and low potential, however, neither origin nor mechanism are known. To reveal the function of PsbY within Photosystem II of Arabidopsis we have analysed PsbY knock-out plants and compared them to wild type and to complemented mutant lines. We show that in the absence of PsbY protein Cytb559 is only present in its oxidized, low potential form and plants depleted of PsbY were found to be more susceptible to photoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta von Sydow
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Serena Schwenkert
- Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jörg Meurer
- Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christiane Funk
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fikret Mamedov
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Box 523, Uppsala University, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Huang JY, Chiu YF, Ortega JM, Wang HT, Tseng TS, Ke SC, Roncel M, Chu HA. Mutations of Cytochrome b559 and PsbJ on and near the QC Site in Photosystem II Influence the Regulation of Short-Term Light Response and Photosynthetic Growth of the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Biochemistry 2016; 55:2214-26. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jine-Yung Huang
- Institute
of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Chiu
- Institute
of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - José M. Ortega
- Instituto
de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Hsing-Ting Wang
- Institute
of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Sheng Tseng
- Institute
of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shyue-Chu Ke
- Department
of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Mercedes Roncel
- Instituto
de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Hsiu-An Chu
- Institute
of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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16
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Kaminskaya OP, Shuvalov VA. New interpretation of the redox properties of cytochrome b559 in photosystem II. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2016; 466:39-42. [PMID: 27025485 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672916010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A model of heme-quinone redox interaction has been developed for cytochrome b559 in photosystem II. The quinone QC in the singly protonated form may function as an interacting quinone. The electrostatic effect between the charges on the heme iron of the cytochrome and QCH leads to appearance of three forms of the cytochrome with different redox potentials. A simple and effective mechanism of redox regulation of the electron transfer pathways in photosystem II is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O P Kaminskaya
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Institutskaya 2, Pushchino, Moscow oblast, 142290, Russia.
| | - V A Shuvalov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Institutskaya 2, Pushchino, Moscow oblast, 142290, Russia
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17
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Plöchinger M, Schwenkert S, von Sydow L, Schröder WP, Meurer J. Functional Update of the Auxiliary Proteins PsbW, PsbY, HCF136, PsbN, TerC and ALB3 in Maintenance and Assembly of PSII. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:423. [PMID: 27092151 PMCID: PMC4823308 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of Photosystem (PS) II in plants has turned out to be a highly complex process which, at least in part, occurs in a sequential order and requires many more auxiliary proteins than subunits present in the complex. Owing to the high evolutionary conservation of the subunit composition and the three-dimensional structure of the PSII complex, most plant factors involved in the biogenesis of PSII originated from cyanobacteria and only rarely evolved de novo. Furthermore, in chloroplasts the initial assembly steps occur in the non-appressed stroma lamellae, whereas the final assembly including the attachment of the major LHCII antenna proteins takes place in the grana regions. The stroma lamellae are also the place where part of PSII repair occurs, which very likely also involves assembly factors. In cyanobacteria initial PSII assembly also occurs in the thylakoid membrane, in so-called thylakoid centers, which are in contact with the plasma membrane. Here, we provide an update on the structures, localisations, topologies, functions, expression and interactions of the low molecular mass PSII subunits PsbY, PsbW and the auxiliary factors HCF136, PsbN, TerC and ALB3, assisting in PSII complex assembly and protein insertion into the thylakoid membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Plöchinger
- Department Biologie I, Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik), Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätPlanegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Serena Schwenkert
- Department Biologie I, Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätPlanegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lotta von Sydow
- Umeå Plant Science Center and Department of Chemistry, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang P. Schröder
- Umeå Plant Science Center and Department of Chemistry, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Wolfgang P. Schröder,
| | - Jörg Meurer
- Department Biologie I, Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (Botanik), Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätPlanegg-Martinsried, Germany
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18
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Kaminskaya OP, Shuvalov VA. Towards an understanding of redox heterogeneity of the photosystem II cytochrome b559 in the native membrane. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2015; 45:129-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-015-1082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Kimura Y, Kawakami T, Yu LJ, Yoshimura M, Kobayashi M, Wang-Otomo ZY. Characterization of the quinones in purple sulfur bacteriumThermochromatium tepidum. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:1761-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Laisk A, Eichelmann H, Oja V. Oxidation of plastohydroquinone by photosystem II and by dioxygen in leaves. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:565-75. [PMID: 25800682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In sunflower leaves linear electron flow LEF=4O2 evolution rate was measured at 20 ppm O2 in N2. PSII charge separation rate CSRII=aII∙PAD∙(Fm-F)/Fm, where aII is excitation partitioning to PSII, PAD is photon absorption density, Fm and F are maximum and actual fluorescence yields. Under 630 nm LED+720 nm far-red light (FRL), LEF was equal to CSRII with aII=0.51 to 0.58. After FRL was turned off, plastoquinol (PQH2) accumulated, but LEF decreased more than accountable by F increase, indicating PQH2-oxidizing cyclic electron flow in PSII (CEFII). CEFII was faster under conditions requiring more ATP, consistent with CEFII being coupled with proton translocation. We propose that PQH2 bound to the QC site is oxidized, one e- moving to P680+, the other e- to Cyt b559. From Cyt b559 the e- reduces QB- at the QB site, forming PQH2. About 10-15% electrons may cycle, causing misses in the period-4 flash O2 evolution and lower quantum yield of photosynthesis under stress. We also measured concentration dependence of PQH2 oxidation by dioxygen, as indicated by post-illumination decrease of Chl fluorescence yield. After light was turned off, F rapidly decreased from Fm to 0.2 Fv, but further decrease to F0 was slow and O2 concentration dependent. The rate constant of PQH2 oxidation, determined from this slow phase, was 0.054 s(-1) at 270 μM (21%) O2, decreasing with Km(O2) of 60 μM (4.6%) O2. This eliminates the interference of O2 in the measurements of CEFII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agu Laisk
- Tartu Ülikooli Tehnoloogia Instituut, Nooruse tn. 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia.
| | - Hillar Eichelmann
- Tartu Ülikooli Tehnoloogia Instituut, Nooruse tn. 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Vello Oja
- Tartu Ülikooli Tehnoloogia Instituut, Nooruse tn. 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
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21
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Lambreva MD, Russo D, Polticelli F, Scognamiglio V, Antonacci A, Zobnina V, Campi G, Rea G. Structure/function/dynamics of photosystem II plastoquinone binding sites. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2015; 15:285-95. [PMID: 24678671 PMCID: PMC4030317 DOI: 10.2174/1389203715666140327104802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII)
continuously attracts the attention of researchers aiming to unravel the riddle
of its functioning and efficiency fundamental for all life on Earth. Besides, an
increasing number of biotechnological applications have been envisaged
exploiting and mimicking the unique properties of this macromolecular
pigment-protein complex. The PSII organization and working principles have
inspired the design of electrochemical water splitting schemes and charge
separating triads in energy storage systems as well as biochips and sensors for
environmental, agricultural and industrial screening of toxic compounds. An
intriguing opportunity is the development of sensor devices, exploiting native
or manipulated PSII complexes or ad hoc synthesized polypeptides
mimicking the PSII reaction centre proteins as bio-sensing elements. This review
offers a concise overview of the recent improvements in the understanding of
structure and function of PSII donor side, with focus on the interactions of the
plastoquinone cofactors with the surrounding environment and operational
features. Furthermore, studies focused on photosynthetic proteins
structure/function/dynamics and computational analyses aimed at rational design
of high-quality bio-recognition elements in biosensor devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giuseppina Rea
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, Monterotondo, Italy.
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22
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Chu HA, Chiu YF. The Roles of Cytochrome b 559 in Assembly and Photoprotection of Photosystem II Revealed by Site-Directed Mutagenesis Studies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1261. [PMID: 26793230 PMCID: PMC4709441 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome b 559 (Cyt b 559) is one of the essential components of the Photosystem II reaction center (PSII). Despite recent accomplishments in understanding the structure and function of PSII, the exact physiological function of Cyt b 559 remains unclear. Cyt b 559 is not involved in the primary electron transfer pathway in PSII but may participate in secondary electron transfer pathways that protect PSII against photoinhibition. Site-directed mutagenesis studies combined with spectroscopic and functional analysis have been used to characterize Cyt b 559 mutant strains and their mutant PSII complex in higher plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria. These integrated studies have provided important in vivo evidence for possible physiological roles of Cyt b 559 in the assembly and stability of PSII, protecting PSII against photoinhibition, and modulating photosynthetic light harvesting. This mini-review presents an overview of recent important progress in site-directed mutagenesis studies of Cyt b 559 and implications for revealing the physiological functions of Cyt b 559 in PSII.
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23
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Yadav DK, Prasad A, Kruk J, Pospíšil P. Evidence for the involvement of loosely bound plastosemiquinones in superoxide anion radical production in photosystem II. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115466. [PMID: 25541694 PMCID: PMC4277363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has indicated the presence of novel plastoquinone-binding sites, QC and QD, in photosystem II (PSII). Here, we investigated the potential involvement of loosely bound plastosemiquinones in superoxide anion radical (O2•−) formation in spinach PSII membranes using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-trapping spectroscopy. Illumination of PSII membranes in the presence of the spin trap EMPO (5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide) resulted in the formation of O2•−, which was monitored by the appearance of EMPO-OOH adduct EPR signal. Addition of exogenous short-chain plastoquinone to PSII membranes markedly enhanced the EMPO-OOH adduct EPR signal. Both in the unsupplemented and plastoquinone-supplemented PSII membranes, the EMPO-OOH adduct EPR signal was suppressed by 50% when the urea-type herbicide DCMU (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) was bound at the QB site. However, the EMPO-OOH adduct EPR signal was enhanced by binding of the phenolic-type herbicide dinoseb (2,4-dinitro-6-sec-butylphenol) at the QD site. Both in the unsupplemented and plastoquinone-supplemented PSII membranes, DCMU and dinoseb inhibited photoreduction of the high-potential form of cytochrome b559 (cyt b559). Based on these results, we propose that O2•− is formed via the reduction of molecular oxygen by plastosemiquinones formed through one-electron reduction of plastoquinone at the QB site and one-electron oxidation of plastoquinol by cyt b559 at the QC site. On the contrary, the involvement of a plastosemiquinone formed via the one-electron oxidation of plastoquinol by cyt b559 at the QD site seems to be ambiguous. In spite of the fact that the existence of QC and QD sites is not generally accepted yet, the present study provided more spectroscopic data on the potential functional role of these new plastoquinone-binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ankush Prasad
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jerzy Kruk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Pavel Pospíšil
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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24
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Hamilton ML, Franco E, Deák Z, Schlodder E, Vass I, Nixon PJ. Investigating the photoprotective role of cytochrome b-559 in photosystem II in a mutant with altered ligation of the haem. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:1276-85. [PMID: 24850839 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite many years of study, the physiological role of cytochrome b-559 (Cyt b-559) within the photosystem II (PSII) complex still remains unclear. Here we describe the analysis of a mutant of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in which the His ligand to the haem, provided by the alpha subunit, has been replaced by a Cys residue. The mutant is unable to grow photoautotrophically but can assemble oxygen-evolving PSII supercomplexes to 15-20% of the levels found in the wild-type control. Haem is still detected in the isolated PSII supercomplexes but at sub-stoichiometric levels consistent with weaker binding to the mutated cytochrome. Analysis of PSII activity in cells indicates slowed electron transfer in the mutant between plastoquinones QA and QB. We show that PSII activity in the mutant is more sensitive to chronic photoinhibition than the WT control because of two effects: a faster rate of damage and an impaired PSII repair cycle at the level of synthesis and/or incorporation of D1 into PSII. We also demonstrate that Cyt b-559 plays a role during the critical stage of assembling the Mn4CaO5 cluster. Overall we conclude that Cyt b-559 optimises electron transfer on the acceptor side of PSII and plays physiologically important roles in the assembly, repair and maintenance of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Hamilton
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Imperial College London, S. Kensington campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UKPresent address: Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Emanuel Franco
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Imperial College London, S. Kensington campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Zsuzsanna Deák
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eberhard Schlodder
- Max-Volmer-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Imre Vass
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Peter J Nixon
- Department of Life Sciences, Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Imperial College London, S. Kensington campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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25
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Guerrero F, Zurita JL, Roncel M, Kirilovsky D, Ortega JM. The role of the high potential form of the cytochrome b559: Study of Thermosynechococcus elongatus mutants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:908-19. [PMID: 24613347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome b559 is an essential component of the photosystem II reaction center in photosynthetic oxygen-evolving organisms, but its function still remains unclear. The use of photosystem II preparations from Thermosynechococcus elongatus of high integrity and activity allowed us to measure for the first time the influence of cytochrome b559 mutations on its midpoint redox potential and on the reduction of the cytochrome b559 by the plastoquinone pool (or QB). In this work, five mutants having a mutation in the α-subunit (I14A, I14S, R18S, I27A and I27T) and one in the β-subunit (F32Y) of cytochrome b559 have been investigated. All the mutations led to a destabilization of the high potential form of the cytochrome b559. The midpoint redox potential of the high potential form was significantly altered in the αR18S and αI27T mutant strains. The αR18S strain also showed a high sensitivity to photoinhibitory illumination and an altered oxidase activity. This was suggested by measurements of light induced oxidation and dark re-reduction of the cytochrome b559 showing that under conditions of a non-functional water oxidation system, once the cytochrome is oxidized by P680(+), the yield of its reduction by QB or the PQ pool was smaller and the kinetic slower in the αR18S mutant than in the wild-type strain. Thus, the extremely positive redox potential of the high potential form of cytochrome b559 could be necessary to ensure efficient oxidation of the PQ pool and to function as an electron reservoir replacing the water oxidation system when it is not operating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Guerrero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Seville, Spain; Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Moléculaire et Photosynthèse, Institut de Biologie et de Technologies de Saclay (iBiTec-S), CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
| | - Jorge L Zurita
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Seville, Spain; Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Moléculaire et Photosynthèse, Institut de Biologie et de Technologies de Saclay (iBiTec-S), CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
| | - Mercedes Roncel
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Seville, Spain.
| | - Diana Kirilovsky
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Moléculaire et Photosynthèse, Institut de Biologie et de Technologies de Saclay (iBiTec-S), CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France.
| | - José M Ortega
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Seville, Spain.
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26
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Gabdulkhakov AG, Dontsova MV. Structural studies on photosystem II of cyanobacteria. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 78:1524-38. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913130105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A G Gabdulkhakov
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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27
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Kaminskaya OP, Shuvalov VA. Towards an understanding of the nature of the redox forms of cytochrome b559 in photosystem II. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2013; 450:151-4. [PMID: 23824458 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672913030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Chiu YF, Chen YH, Roncel M, Dilbeck PL, Huang JY, Ke SC, Ortega JM, Burnap RL, Chu HA. Spectroscopic and functional characterization of cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 mutants on the cytoplasmic-side of cytochrome b559 in photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1827:507-19. [PMID: 23399490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We performed spectroscopic and functional characterization on cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 with mutations of charged residues of the cytoplasmic side of cytochrome (Cyt) b559 in photosystem II (PSII). All of the mutant cells grew photoautotrophically and assembled stable PSII. However, R7Eα, R17Eα and R17Lβ mutant cells grew significantly slower and were more susceptible to photoinhibition than wild-type cells. The adverse effects of the arginine mutations on the activity and the stability of PSII were in the following order (R17Lβ>R7Eα>R17Eα and R17Aα). All these arginine mutants exhibited normal period-four oscillation in oxygen yield. Thermoluminescence characteristics indicated a slight decrease in the stability of the S3QB(-)/S2QB(-) charge pairs in the R7Eα and R17Lβ mutant cells. R7Eα and R17Lβ PSII core complexes contained predominantly the low potential form of Cyt b559. EPR results indicated the displacement of one of the two axial ligands to the heme of Cyt b559 in R7Eα and R17Lβ mutant reaction centers. Our results demonstrate that the electrostatic interactions between these arginine residues and the heme propionates of Cyt b559 are important to the structure and redox properties of Cyt b559. In addition, the blue light-induced nonphotochemical quenching was significantly attenuated and its recovery was accelerated in the R7Lα and R17Lβ mutant cells. Furthermore, ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry results showed that the PQ pool was more reduced in the R7Eα and R17Lβ mutant cells than wild-type cells in the dark. Our data support a functional role of Cyt b559 in protection of PSII under photoinhibition conditions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fang Chiu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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29
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Kaminskaya OP, Shuvalov VA. Biphasic reduction of cytochrome b559 by plastoquinol in photosystem II membrane fragments: evidence for two types of cytochrome b559/plastoquinone redox equilibria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1827:471-83. [PMID: 23357332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In photosystem II membrane fragments with oxidized cytochrome (Cyt) b559 reduction of Cyt b559 by plastoquinol formed in the membrane pool under illumination and by exogenous decylplastoquinol added in the dark was studied. Reduction of oxidized Cyt b559 by plastoquinols proceeds biphasically comprising a fast component with a rate constant higher than (10s)(-1), named phase I, followed by a slower dark reaction with a rate constant of (2.7min)(-1) at pH6.5, termed phase II. The extents of both components of Cyt b559 reduction increased with increasing concentrations of the quinols, with that, maximally a half of oxidized Cyt b559 can be photoreduced or chemically reduced in phase I at pH6.5. The photosystem II herbicide dinoseb but not 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) competed with the quinol reductant in phase I. The results reveal that the two components of the Cyt b559 redox reaction reflect two redox equilibria attaining in different time domains. One-electron redox equilibrium between oxidized Cyt b559 and the photosystem II-bound plastoquinol is established in phase I of Cyt b559 reduction. Phase II is attributed to equilibration of Cyt b559 redox forms with the quinone pool. The quinone site involved in phase I of Cyt b559 reduction is considered to be the site regulating the redox potential of Cyt b559 which can accommodate quinone, semiquinone and quinol forms. The properties of this site designated here as QD clearly suggest that it is distinct from the site QC found in the photosystem II crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga P Kaminskaya
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
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Kaminskaya OP, Erokhina LG, Shuvalov VA. Study of the nature of biphasic reduction of cytochrome b559 by plastoquinol in photosystem II membrane fragments. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2013; 447:273-6. [DOI: 10.1134/s1607672912060026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Oja V, Laisk A. Photosystem II antennae are not energetically connected: evidence based on flash-induced O2 evolution and chlorophyll fluorescence in sunflower leaves. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 114:15-28. [PMID: 22890327 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-012-9775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen evolution was measured in sunflower leaves in steady-state and during multiple-turnover pulses (MTP) of different light (630 nm LED plus far-red light) intensity and duration. In parallel, Chl fluorescence yields F(0) (minimum), F(s) (steady-state), and F(m) (pulse-saturated), as well as fluorescence induction during MTPs were recorded. Extra O(2) evolution was measured in response to a saturating single-turnover Xe flash (STF) applied immediately subsequently to the actinic light in the steady-state and to each MTP. Under the used anaerobic conditions and randomized S-states electron transport per STF was calculated as 4O(2) evolution. The STF-induced electron transport (=the number of open PSII) was maximal at the low background light, but decreased with progressing light saturation in steady-state and with the increasing duration of MTP. The quantum yield (effective antenna size) of open PSII centers remained constant when adjacent centers became closed. The photochemical quenching of fluorescence q(P) = (F(m) - F(s))/(F(m) - F(0)) was proportional with the portion of open PSII centers in the steady-state (variable non-photochemical quenching, NPQ) and with increasing MTP duration (NPQ absent). Comparison of experimental responses to a model based on PSII dimers with well-connected antennae showed no energetic connectivity between PSII antennae in intact leaves, suggesting that in vivo PSII exist as monomers, or dimers with energetically disconnected antennae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vello Oja
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia St 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
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Laisk A, Oja V, Eichelmann H. Oxygen evolution and chlorophyll fluorescence from multiple turnover light pulses: charge recombination in photosystem II in sunflower leaves. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 113:145-155. [PMID: 22644479 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-012-9751-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen evolution and Chl fluorescence induction were measured during multiple turnover light pulses (MTP) of 630-nm wavelength, intensities from 250 to 8,000 μmol quanta m(-2) s(-1) and duration from 0.3 to 200 ms in sunflower leaves at 22 °C. The ambient O(2) concentration was 10-30 ppm and MTP were applied after pre-illumination under far-red light (FRL), which oxidized plastoquinone (PQ) and randomized S-states because of the partial excitation of PSII. Electron (e ( - )) flow was calculated as 4·O(2) evolution. Illumination with MTP of increasing length resulted in increasing O(2) evolution per pulse, which was differentiated against pulse length to find the time course of O(2) evolution rate with sub-millisecond resolution. Comparison of the quantum yields, Y (IIO) = e ( - )/hν from O(2) evolution and Y (IIF) = (F (m) - F)/F (m) from Chl fluorescence, detected significant losses not accompanied by fluorescence emission. These quantum losses are discussed to be caused by charge recombination between Q (A) (-) and oxidized TyrZ at a rate of about 1,000 s(-1), either directly or via the donor side equilibrium complex Q(A) → P (D1) (+) ↔ TyrZ(ox), or because of cycling facilitated by Cyt b (559). Predicted from the suggested mechanism, charge recombination is enhanced by damage to the water-oxidizing complex and by restricted PSII acceptor side oxidation. The rate of PSII charge recombination/cycling is fast enough for being important in photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agu Laisk
- Tartu Ülikooli Molekulaar-ja Rakubioloogia Instituut, Riia tn. 23, Tartu, 51010, Estonia.
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Luján MA, Martínez JI, Alonso PJ, Guerrero F, Roncel M, Ortega JM, Yruela I, Picorel R. Reconstitution, spectroscopy, and redox properties of the photosynthetic recombinant cytochrome b(559) from higher plants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 112:193-204. [PMID: 22855209 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-012-9772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A study of the in vitro reconstitution of sugar beet cytochrome b(559) of the photosystem II is described. Both α and β cytochrome subunits were first cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. In vitro reconstitution of this cytochrome was carried out with partially purified recombinant subunits from inclusion bodies. Reconstitution with commercial heme of both (αα) and (ββ) homodimers and (αβ) heterodimer was possible, the latter being more efficient. The absorption spectra of these reconstituted samples were similar to that of the native heterodimer cytochrome b(559) form. As shown by electron paramagnetic resonance and potentiometry, most of the reconstituted cytochrome corresponded to a low spin form with a midpoint redox potential +36 mV, similar to that from the native purified cytochrome b(559). Furthermore, during the expression of sugar beet and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cytochrome b(559) subunits, part of the protein subunits were incorporated into the host bacterial inner membrane, but only in the case of the β subunit from the cyanobacterium the formation of a cytochrome b(559)-like structure with the bacterial endogenous heme was observed. The reason for that surprising result is unknown. This in vivo formed (ββ) homodimer cytochrome b(559)-like structure showed similar absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectral properties as the native purified cytochrome b(559). A higher midpoint redox potential (+126 mV) was detected in the in vivo formed protein compared to the in vitro reconstituted form, most likely due to a more hydrophobic environment imposed by the lipid membrane surrounding the heme.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Luján
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Carretera Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
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Rutherford AW, Osyczka A, Rappaport F. Back-reactions, short-circuits, leaks and other energy wasteful reactions in biological electron transfer: redox tuning to survive life in O(2). FEBS Lett 2012; 586:603-16. [PMID: 22251618 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The energy-converting redox enzymes perform productive reactions efficiently despite the involvement of high energy intermediates in their catalytic cycles. This is achieved by kinetic control: with forward reactions being faster than competing, energy-wasteful reactions. This requires appropriate cofactor spacing, driving forces and reorganizational energies. These features evolved in ancestral enzymes in a low O(2) environment. When O(2) appeared, energy-converting enzymes had to deal with its troublesome chemistry. Various protective mechanisms duly evolved that are not directly related to the enzymes' principal redox roles. These protective mechanisms involve fine-tuning of reduction potentials, switching of pathways and the use of short circuits, back-reactions and side-paths, all of which compromise efficiency. This energetic loss is worth it since it minimises damage from reactive derivatives of O(2) and thus gives the organism a better chance of survival. We examine photosynthetic reaction centres, bc(1) and b(6)f complexes from this view point. In particular, the evolution of the heterodimeric PSI from its homodimeric ancestors is explained as providing a protective back-reaction pathway. This "sacrifice-of-efficiency-for-protection" concept should be generally applicable to bioenergetic enzymes in aerobic environments.
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Shinopoulos KE, Brudvig GW. Cytochrome b₅₅₉ and cyclic electron transfer within photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1817:66-75. [PMID: 21864501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome b₅₅₉ (Cyt b₅₅₉), β-carotene (Car), and chlorophyll (Chl) cofactors participate in the secondary electron-transfer pathways in photosystem II (PSII), which are believed to protect PSII from photodamage under conditions in which the primary electron-donation pathway leading to water oxidation is inhibited. Among these cofactors, Cyt b₅₅₉ is preferentially photooxidized under conditions in which the primary electron-donation pathway is blocked. When Cyt b₅₅₉ is preoxidized, the photooxidation of several of the 11 Car and 35 Chl molecules present per PSII is observed. In this review, the discovery of the secondary electron donors, their structures and electron-transfer properties, and progress in the characterization of the secondary electron-transfer pathways are discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosystem II.
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Cardona T, Sedoud A, Cox N, Rutherford AW. Charge separation in photosystem II: a comparative and evolutionary overview. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1817:26-43. [PMID: 21835158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Our current understanding of the PSII reaction centre owes a great deal to comparisons to the simpler and better understood, purple bacterial reaction centre. Here we provide an overview of the similarities with a focus on charge separation and the electron acceptors. We go on to discuss some of the main differences between the two kinds of reaction centres that have been highlighted by the improving knowledge of PSII. We attempt to relate these differences to functional requirements of water splitting. Some are directly associated with that function, e.g. high oxidation potentials, while others are associated with regulation and protection against photodamage. The protective and regulatory functions are associated with the harsh chemistry performed during its normal function but also with requirements of the enzyme while it is undergoing assembly and repair. Key aspects of PSII reaction centre evolution are also addressed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanai Cardona
- Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay, URA 2096 CNRS, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Lipids in photosystem II: Multifunctional cofactors. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 104:19-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Enzymatic function of cytochrome b559 in photosystem II. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 104:341-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Müh F, Glöckner C, Hellmich J, Zouni A. Light-induced quinone reduction in photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1817:44-65. [PMID: 21679684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The photosystem II core complex is the water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase of oxygenic photosynthesis situated in the thylakoid membrane of cyanobacteria, algae and plants. It catalyzes the light-induced transfer of electrons from water to plastoquinone accompanied by the net transport of protons from the cytoplasm (stroma) to the lumen, the production of molecular oxygen and the release of plastoquinol into the membrane phase. In this review, we outline our present knowledge about the "acceptor side" of the photosystem II core complex covering the reaction center with focus on the primary (Q(A)) and secondary (Q(B)) quinones situated around the non-heme iron with bound (bi)carbonate and a comparison with the reaction center of purple bacteria. Related topics addressed are quinone diffusion channels for plastoquinone/plastoquinol exchange, the newly discovered third quinone Q(C), the relevance of lipids, the interactions of quinones with the still enigmatic cytochrome b559 and the role of Q(A) in photoinhibition and photoprotection mechanisms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Müh
- Max-Volmer-Laboratorium für Biophysikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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Chen G, Allahverdiyeva Y, Aro EM, Styring S, Mamedov F. Electron paramagnetic resonance study of the electron transfer reactions in photosystem II membrane preparations from Arabidopsis thaliana. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1807:205-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Effects of formate binding on the quinone–iron electron acceptor complex of photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2011; 1807:216-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sugiura M, Iwai E, Hayashi H, Boussac A. Differences in the interactions between the subunits of photosystem II dependent on D1 protein variants in the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:30008-18. [PMID: 20630865 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.136945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The main cofactors involved in the oxygen evolution activity of Photosystem II (PSII) are located in two proteins, D1 (PsbA) and D2 (PsbD). In Thermosynechococcus elongatus, a thermophilic cyanobacterium, the D1 protein is encoded by either the psbA(1) or the psbA(3) gene, the expression of which is dependent on environmental conditions. It has been shown that the energetic properties of the PsbA1-PSII and those of the PsbA3-PSII differ significantly (Sugiura, M., Kato, Y., Takahashi, R., Suzuki, H., Watanabe, T., Noguchi, T., Rappaport, F., and Boussac, A. (2010) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1797, 1491-1499). In this work the structural stability of PSII upon a PsbA1/PsbA3 exchange was investigated. Two deletion mutants lacking another PSII subunit, PsbJ, were constructed in strains expressing either PsbA1 or PsbA3. The PsbJ subunit is a 4-kDa transmembrane polypeptide that is surrounded by D1 (i.e. PsbA1), PsbK, and cytochrome b(559) (Cyt b(559)) in existing three-dimensional models. It is shown that the structural properties of the PsbA3/ΔPsbJ-PSII are not significantly affected. The polypeptide contents, the Cyt b(559) properties, and the proportion of PSII dimer were similar to those found for PsbA3-PSII. In contrast, in PsbA1/ΔPsbJ-PSII the stability of the dimer is greatly diminished, the EPR properties of the Cyt b(559) likely indicates a decrease in its redox potential, and many other PSII subunits are lacking. These results shows that the 21-amino acid substitutions between PsbA1 and PsbA3, which appear to be mainly conservative, must include side chains that are involved in a network of interactions between PsbA and the other PSII subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Sugiura
- Department of Chemistry, Venture Business Laboratory, Cell-Free Science and Technology Research Center, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
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Kaminskaya OP, Erokhina LG, Shuvalov VA. Properties of photoreduction reaction of cytochrome b559 in photosystem II membrane fragments. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2010; 432:133-6. [DOI: 10.1134/s1607672910030117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ohad I, Raanan H, Keren N, Tchernov D, Kaplan A. Light-induced changes within photosystem II protects Microcoleus sp. in biological desert sand crusts against excess light. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11000. [PMID: 20544016 PMCID: PMC2882322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous cyanobacterium Microcoleus vaginatus, a major primary producer in desert biological sand crusts, is exposed to frequent hydration (by early morning dew) followed by desiccation during potentially damaging excess light conditions. Nevertheless, its photosynthetic machinery is hardly affected by high light, unlike “model” organisms whereby light-induced oxidative stress leads to photoinactivation of the oxygen-evolving photosystem II (PSII). Field experiments showed a dramatic decline in the fluorescence yield with rising light intensity in both drying and artificially maintained wet plots. Laboratory experiments showed that, contrary to “model” organisms, photosynthesis persists in Microcoleus sp. even at light intensities 2–3 times higher than required to saturate oxygen evolution. This is despite an extensive loss (85–90%) of variable fluorescence and thermoluminescence, representing radiative PSII charge recombination that promotes the generation of damaging singlet oxygen. Light induced loss of variable fluorescence is not inhibited by the electron transfer inhibitors 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropylbenzoquinone (DBMIB), nor the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), thus indicating that reduction of plastoquinone or O2, or lumen acidification essential for non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) are not involved. The rate of QA− re-oxidation in the presence of DCMU is enhanced with time and intensity of illumination. The difference in temperatures required for maximal thermoluminescence emissions from S2/QA− (Q band, 22°C) and S2,3/QB− (B band, 25°C) charge recombinations is considerably smaller in Microcoleus as compared to “model” photosynthetic organisms, thus indicating a significant alteration of the S2/QA− redox potential. We propose that enhancement of non-radiative charge recombination with rising light intensity may reduce harmful radiative recombination events thereby lowering 1O2 generation and oxidative photodamage under excess illumination. This effective photo-protective mechanism was apparently lost during the evolution from the ancestor cyanobacteria to the higher plant chloroplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzhak Ohad
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Irael
| | - Hagai Raanan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nir Keren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dan Tchernov
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aaron Kaplan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Guskov A, Gabdulkhakov A, Broser M, Glöckner C, Hellmich J, Kern J, Frank J, Müh F, Saenger W, Zouni A. Recent Progress in the Crystallographic Studies of Photosystem II. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:1160-71. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Bondarava N, Gross CM, Mubarakshina M, Golecki JR, Johnson GN, Krieger-Liszkay A. Putative function of cytochrome b559 as a plastoquinol oxidase. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2010; 138:463-73. [PMID: 19947963 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2009.01312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The function of cytochrome b559 (cyt b559) in photosystem II (PSII) was studied in a tobacco mutant in which the conserved phenylalanine at position 26 in the beta-subunit was changed to serine. Young leaves of the mutant showed no significant difference in chloroplast ultra structure or in the amount and activity of PSII, while in mature leaves the size of the grana stacks and the amount of PSII were significantly reduced. Mature leaves of the mutant showed a higher susceptibility to photoinhibition and a higher production of singlet oxygen, as shown by spin trapping electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Oxygen consumption and superoxide production were studied in thylakoid membranes in which the Mn cluster was removed to ensure that all the cyt b559 was present in its low potential form. In thylakoid membranes, from wild-type plants, the larger fraction of superoxide production was 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea-sensitive. This type of superoxide formation was absent in thylakoid membranes from the mutant. The physiological importance of the plastoquinol oxidation by cyt b559 for photosynthesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natallia Bondarava
- Institut für Biologie II , Universität Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Pospíšil P, Tiwari A. Differential mechanism of light-induced and oxygen-dependent restoration of the high-potential form of cytochrome b559 in Tris-treated Photosystem II membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1797:451-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Revised: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hung CH, Hwang HJ, Chen YH, Chiu YF, Ke SC, Burnap RL, Chu HA. Spectroscopic and functional characterizations of cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 mutants on and near the heme axial ligand of cytochrome b559 in photosystem II. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:5653-63. [PMID: 20007972 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.044719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional role of cytochrome (cyt) b(559) in photosystem II (PSII) was investigated in H22K alpha and Y18S alpha cyt b(559) mutants of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. H22K alpha and Y18S alpha cyt b(559) mutant carries one amino acid substitution on and near one of heme axial ligands of cyt b(559) in PSII, respectively. Both mutants grew photoautotrophically, assembled stable PSII, and exhibited the normal period-four oscillation in oxygen yield. However, both mutants showed several distinct chlorophyll a fluorescence properties and were more susceptible to photoinhibition than wild type. EPR results indicated the displacement of one of the two axial ligands to the heme of cyt b(559) in H22K alpha mutant reaction centers, at least in isolated reaction centers. The maximum absorption of cyt b(559) in Y18S alpha mutant PSII core complexes was shifted to 561 nm. Y18S alpha and H22K alpha mutant PSII core complexes contained predominately the low potential form of cyt b(559). The findings lend support to the concept that the redox properties of cyt b(559) are strongly influenced by the hydrophobicity and ligation environment of the heme. When the cyt b(559) mutations placed in a D1-D170A genetic background that prevents assembly of the manganese cluster, accumulation of PSII is almost completely abolished. Overall, our data support a functional role of cyt b(559) in protection of PSII under photoinhibition conditions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsien Hung
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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