1
|
Shih PM, Wang I, Lee YTC, Hsieh SJ, Chen SY, Wang LW, Huang CT, Chien CT, Chang CY, Hsu STD. Random-Coil Behavior of Chemically Denatured Topologically Knotted Proteins Revealed by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:5437-43. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b01984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Min Shih
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute
of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Iren Wang
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Tzai Cloud Lee
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, 1, Section
4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ju Hsieh
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute
of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yu Chen
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Wei Wang
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute
of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, 1, Section
4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ting Huang
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute
of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ta Chien
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yun Chang
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, 1, Section
4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Te Danny Hsu
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute
of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, 1, Section
4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hunke C, Antosch M, Müller V, Grüber G. Binding of subunit E into the A-B interface of the A(1)A(O) ATP synthase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:2111-8. [PMID: 21669184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two of the distinct diversities of the engines A(1)A(O) ATP synthase and F(1)F(O) ATP synthase are the existence of two peripheral stalks and the 24kDa stalk subunit E inside the A(1)A(O) ATP synthase. Crystallographic structures of subunit E have been determined recently, but the epitope(s) and the strength to which this subunit does bind in the enzyme complex are still a puzzle. Using the recombinant A(3)B(3)D complex and the major subunits A and B of the methanogenic A(1)A(O) ATP synthase in combination with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) we demonstrate, that the stalk subunit E does bind to the catalytic headpiece formed by the A(3)B(3) hexamer with an affinity (K(d)) of 6.1±0.2μM. FCS experiments with single A and B, respectively, demonstrated unequivocally that subunit E binds stronger to subunit B (K(d)=18.9±3.7μM) than to the catalytic A subunit (K(d)=53.1±4.4). Based on the crystallographic structures of the three subunits A, B and E available, the arrangement of the peripheral stalk subunit E in the A-B interface has been modeled, shining light into the A-B-E assembly of this enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Hunke
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
AbstractThe rotary ATPase family of membrane protein complexes may have only three members, but each one plays a fundamental role in biological energy conversion. The F1Fo-ATPase (F-ATPase) couples ATP synthesis to the electrochemical membrane potential in bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts, while the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) operates as an ATP-driven proton pump in eukaryotic membranes. In different species of archaea and bacteria, the A1Ao-ATPase (A-ATPase) can function as either an ATP synthase or an ion pump. All three of these multi-subunit complexes are rotary molecular motors, sharing a fundamentally similar mechanism in which rotational movement drives the energy conversion process. By analogy to macroscopic systems, individual subunits can be assigned to rotor, axle or stator functions. Recently, three-dimensional reconstructions from electron microscopy and single particle image processing have led to a significant step forward in understanding of the overall architecture of all three forms of these complexes and have allowed the organisation of subunits within the rotor and stator parts of the motors to be more clearly mapped out. This review describes the emerging consensus regarding the organisation of the rotor and stator components of V-, A- and F-ATPases, examining core similarities that point to a common evolutionary origin, and highlighting key differences. In particular, it discusses how newly revealed variation in the complexity of the inter-domain connections may impact on the mechanics and regulation of these molecular machines.
Collapse
|
4
|
Cano-Estrada A, Vázquez-Acevedo M, Villavicencio-Queijeiro A, Figueroa-Martínez F, Miranda-Astudillo H, Cordeiro Y, Mignaco JA, Foguel D, Cardol P, Lapaille M, Remacle C, Wilkens S, González-Halphen D. Subunit–subunit interactions and overall topology of the dimeric mitochondrial ATP synthase of Polytomella sp. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1797:1439-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2009] [Revised: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
5
|
Crystal and solution structure of the C-terminal part of the Methanocaldococcus jannaschii A1AO ATP synthase subunit E revealed by X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2010; 42:311-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-010-9298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
6
|
Jones RPO, Durose LJ, Phillips C, Keen JN, Findlay JBC, Harrison MA. A site-directed cross-linking approach to the characterization of subunit E-subunit G contacts in the vacuolar H+-ATPase stator. Mol Membr Biol 2010; 27:147-59. [DOI: 10.3109/09687681003796441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
7
|
Balakrishna AM, Hunke C, Grüber G. Purification and crystallization of the entire recombinant subunit E of the energy producer A(1)A(o) ATP synthase. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2010; 66:324-6. [PMID: 20208172 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309110001016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A(1)A(o) ATP synthases are the major energy producers in archaea. Subunit E of the stator domain of the ATP synthase from Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3 was cloned, expressed and purified to homogeneity. The monodispersed protein was crystallized by vapour diffusion. A complete diffraction data set was collected to 3.3 A resolution with 99.4% completeness using a synchrotron-radiation source. The crystals belonged to space group I4, with unit-cell parameters a = 112.51, b = 112.51, c = 96.25 A, and contained three molecules in the asymmetric unit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asha Manikkoth Balakrishna
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee LK, Stewart AG, Donohoe M, Bernal RA, Stock D. The structure of the peripheral stalk of Thermus thermophilus H+-ATPase/synthase. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2010; 17:373-8. [PMID: 20173764 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Proton-translocating ATPases are ubiquitous protein complexes that couple ATP catalysis with proton translocation via a rotary catalytic mechanism. The peripheral stalks are essential components that counteract torque generated from proton translocation during ATP synthesis or from ATP hydrolysis during proton pumping. Despite their essential role, the peripheral stalks are the least conserved component of the complexes, differing substantially between subtypes in composition and stoichiometry. We have determined the crystal structure of the peripheral stalk of the A-type ATPase/synthase from Thermus thermophilus consisting of subunits E and G. The structure contains a heterodimeric right-handed coiled coil, a protein fold never observed before. We have fitted this structure into the 23 A resolution EM density of the intact A-ATPase complex, revealing the precise location of the peripheral stalk and new implications for the function and assembly of proton-translocating ATPases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence K Lee
- Structural and Computational Biology Division, The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hunke C, Tadwal VS, Manimekalai MSS, Roessle M, Grüber G. The effect of NBD-Cl in nucleotide-binding of the major subunit alpha and B of the motor proteins F1FO ATP synthase and A1AO ATP synthase. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2010; 42:1-10. [PMID: 20082212 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-009-9266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Subunit alpha of the Escherichia coli F(1)F(O) ATP synthase has been produced, and its low-resolution structure has been determined. The monodispersity of alpha allowed the studies of nucleotide-binding and inhibitory effect of 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-Cl) to ATP/ADP-binding. Binding constants (K ( d )) of 1.6 microM of bound MgATP-ATTO-647N and 2.9 microM of MgADP-ATTO-647N have been determined from fluorescence correlation spectroscopy data. A concentration of 51 microM and 55 microM of NBD-Cl dropped the MgATP-ATTO-647N and MgADP-ATTO-647N binding capacity to 50% (IC(50)), respectively. In contrast, no effect was observed in the presence of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. As subunit alpha is the homologue of subunit B of the A(1)A(O) ATP synthase, the interaction of NBD-Cl with B of the A-ATP synthase from Methanosarcina mazei Gö1 has also been shown. The data reveal a reduction of nucleotide-binding of B due to NBD-Cl, resulting in IC(50) values of 41 microM and 42 microM for MgATP-ATTO-647N and MgADP-ATTO-647N, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Hunke
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gayen S, Grüber G. Disulfide linkage in the coiled-coil domain of subunit H of A1AO ATP synthase from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii and the NMR structure of the C-terminal segment H(85-104). FEBS Lett 2009; 584:713-8. [PMID: 20026332 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The C-terminal residues 98-104 are important for structure stability of subunit H of A(1)A(O) ATP synthases as well as its interaction with subunit A. Here we determined the structure of the segment H(85-104) of H from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, showing a helix between residues Lys90 to Glu100 and flexible tails at both ends. The helix-helix arrangement in the C-terminus was investigated by exchange of hydrophobic residues to single cysteine in mutants of the entire subunit H (H(I93C), H(L96C) and H(L98C)). Together with the surface charge distribution of H(85-104), these results shine light into the A-H assembly of this enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shovanlal Gayen
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gayen S, Balakrishna AM, Grüber G. NMR solution structure of the N-terminal domain of subunit E (E1–52) of A1AO ATP synthase from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2009; 41:343-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-009-9237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
12
|
Rishikesan S, Thaker YR, Priya R, Gayen S, Manimekalai MSS, Hunke C, Grüber G. Spectroscopical identification of residues of subunit G of the yeast V-ATPase in its connection with subunit E. Mol Membr Biol 2009; 25:400-10. [DOI: 10.1080/09687680802183434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
13
|
Biuković G, Gayen S, Pervushin K, Grüber G. Domain features of the peripheral stalk subunit H of the methanogenic A1AO ATP synthase and the NMR solution structure of H(1-47). Biophys J 2009; 97:286-94. [PMID: 19580766 PMCID: PMC2711374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of truncated forms of subunit H were generated to establish the domain features of that protein. Circular dichroism analysis demonstrated that H is divided at least into a C-terminal coiled-coil domain within residues 54-104, and an N-terminal domain formed by adjacent alpha-helices. With a cysteine at the C-terminus of each of the truncated proteins (H(1-47), H(1-54), H(1-59), H(1-61), H(1-67), H(1-69), H(1-71), H(1-78), H(1-80), H(1-91), and H(47-105)), the residues involved in formation of the coiled-coil interface were determined. Proteins H(1-54), H(1-61), H(1-69), and H(1-80) showed strong cross-link formation, which was weaker in H(1-47), H(1-59), H(1-71), and H(1-91). A shift in disulfide formation between cysteines at positions 71 and 80 reflected an interruption in the periodicity of hydrophobic residues in the region 71AEKILEETEKE81. To understand how the N-terminal domain of H is formed, we determined for the first time, to our knowledge, the solution NMR structure of H(1-47), which revealed an alpha-helix between residues 15-42 and a flexible N-terminal stretch. The alpha-helix includes a kink that would bring the two helices of the C-terminus into the coiled-coil arrangement. H(1-47) revealed a strip of alanines involved in dimerization, which were tested by exchange to single cysteines in subunit H mutants.
Collapse
Key Words
- cd, circular dichroism
- dss, 2, 2-dimethyl-2-silapentane-5-sulphonate
- dtt, dithiothreitol
- edta, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- hsqc, heteronuclear single quantum coherence
- iptg, isopropyl-β-d-thio-galactoside
- nmr, nuclear magnetic resonance
- noe, nuclear overhauser effect
- noesy, noe spectroscopy
- nta, nitrilotriacetic acid
- page, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- pcr, polymerase chain reaction
- pfg, pulsed field gradient
- saxs, small-angle x-ray scattering
- r1, longitudinal relaxation time
- r2, transverse relaxation time
- rmsd, root mean-square deviation
- sds, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- tocsy, total correlation spectroscopy
- tris, tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gerhard Grüber
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vonck J, Pisa KY, Morgner N, Brutschy B, Müller V. Three-dimensional structure of A1A0 ATP synthase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus by electron microscopy. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:10110-9. [PMID: 19203996 PMCID: PMC2665065 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m808498200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The archaeal ATP synthase is a multisubunit complex that consists of a catalytic A(1) part and a transmembrane, ion translocation domain A(0). The A(1)A(0) complex from the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus was isolated. Mass analysis of the complex by laser-induced liquid bead ion desorption (LILBID) indicated a size of 730 +/- 10 kDa. A three-dimensional map was generated by electron microscopy from negatively stained images. The map at a resolution of 2.3 nm shows the A(1) and A(0) domain, connected by a central stalk and two peripheral stalks, one of which is connected to A(0), and both connected to A(1) via prominent knobs. X-ray structures of subunits from related proteins were fitted to the map. On the basis of the fitting and the LILBID analysis, a structural model is presented with the stoichiometry A(3)B(3)CDE(2)FH(2)ac(10).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet Vonck
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 3, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Grüber G, Marshansky V. New insights into structure-function relationships between archeal ATP synthase (A1A0) and vacuolar type ATPase (V1V0). Bioessays 2008; 30:1096-109. [PMID: 18937357 DOI: 10.1002/bies.20827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate, ATP, is the energy currency of living cells. While ATP synthases of archae and ATP synthases of pro- and eukaryotic organisms operate as energy producers by synthesizing ATP, the eukaryotic V-ATPase hydrolyzes ATP and thus functions as energy transducer. These enzymes share features like the hydrophilic catalytic- and the membrane-embedded ion-translocating sector, allowing them to operate as nano-motors and to transform the transmembrane electrochemical ion gradient into ATP or vice versa. Since archaea are rooted close to the origin of life, the A-ATP synthase is probably more similar in its composition and function to the "original" enzyme, invented by Nature billion years ago. On the contrary, the V-ATPases have acquired specific structural, functional and regulatory features during evolution. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the structure, mechanism and regulation of A-ATP synthases and V-ATPases. The importance of V-ATPase in pathophysiology of diseases will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Grüber
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Groer GJ, Haslbeck M, Roessle M, Gessner A. Structural characterization of soluble E-Syt2. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:3941-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
17
|
Priya R, Tadwal VS, Roessle MW, Gayen S, Hunke C, Peng WC, Torres J, Grüber G. Low resolution structure of subunit b (b (22-156)) of Escherichia coli F(1)F(O) ATP synthase in solution and the b-delta assembly. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2008; 40:245-55. [PMID: 18668355 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-008-9154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first low resolution solution structure of the soluble domain of subunit b (b (22-156)) of the Escherichia coli F(1)F(O) ATPsynthase was determined from small-angle X-ray scattering data. The dimeric protein has a boomerang-like shape with a total length of 16.2 +/- 0.3 nm. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) shows that the protein binds effectively to the subunit delta, confirming their described neighborhood. Using the recombinant C-terminal domain (delta(91-177)) of subunit delta and the C-terminal peptides of subunit b, b (120-140) and b (140-156), FCS titration experiments were performed to assign the segments involved in delta-b assembly. These data identify the very C-terminal tail b (140-156) to interact with delta(91-177). The novel 3D structure of this peptide has been determined by NMR spectroscopy. The molecule adopts a stable helix formation in solution with a flexible tail between amino acid 140 to 145.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ragunathan Priya
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gayen S, Balakrishna AM, Biuković G, Yulei W, Hunke C, Grüber G. Identification of critical residues of subunit H in its interaction with subunit E of the A-ATP synthase from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii. FEBS J 2008; 275:1803-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06338.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
19
|
Esteban O, Bernal RA, Donohoe M, Videler H, Sharon M, Robinson CV, Stock D. Stoichiometry and localization of the stator subunits E and G in Thermus thermophilus H+-ATPase/synthase. J Biol Chem 2007; 283:2595-603. [PMID: 18055467 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m704941200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton-translocating ATPases are central to biological energy conversion. Although eukaryotes contain specialized F-ATPases for ATP synthesis and V-ATPases for proton pumping, eubacteria and archaea typically contain only one enzyme for both tasks. Although many eubacteria contain ATPases of the F-type, some eubacteria and all known archaea contain ATPases of the A-type. A-ATPases are closely related to V-ATPases but simpler in design. Although the nucleotide-binding and transmembrane rotor subunits share sequence homology between A-, V-, and F-ATPases, the peripheral stalk is strikingly different in sequence, composition, and stoichiometry. We have analyzed the peripheral stalk of Thermus thermophilus A-ATPase by using phage display-derived single-domain antibody fragments in combination with electron microscopy and tandem mass spectrometry. Our data provide the first direct evidence for the existence of two peripheral stalks in the A-ATPase, each one composed of heterodimers of subunits E and G arranged symmetrically around the soluble A(1) domain. To our knowledge, this is the first description of phage display-derived antibody selection against a multi-subunit membrane protein used for purification and single particle analysis by electron microscopy. It is also the first instance of the derivation of subunit stoichiometry by tandem mass spectrometry to an intact membrane protein complex. Both approaches could be applicable to the structural analysis of other membrane protein complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Esteban
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Hills Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kish-Trier E, Briere LAK, Dunn SD, Wilkens S. The stator complex of the A1A0-ATP synthase--structural characterization of the E and H subunits. J Mol Biol 2007; 375:673-85. [PMID: 18036615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Archaeal ATP synthase (A-ATPase) is the functional homolog to the ATP synthase found in bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts, but the enzyme is structurally more related to the proton-pumping vacuolar ATPase found in the endomembrane system of eukaryotes. We have cloned, overexpressed and characterized the stator-forming subunits E and H of the A-ATPase from the thermoacidophilic Archaeon, Thermoplasma acidophilum. Size exclusion chromatography, CD, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopic experiments indicate that both polypeptides have a tendency to form dimers and higher oligomers in solution. However, when expressed together or reconstituted, the two individual polypeptides interact with high affinity to form a stable heterodimer. Analyses by gel filtration chromatography and analytical ultracentrifugation show the heterodimer to have an elongated shape, and the preparation to be monodisperse. Thermal denaturation analyses by CD and differential scanning calorimetry revealed the more cooperative unfolding transitions of the heterodimer in comparison to those of the individual polypeptides. The data are consistent with the EH heterodimer forming the peripheral stalk(s) in the A-ATPase in a fashion analogous to that of the related vacuolar ATPase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Kish-Trier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|