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Structural and Functional Characterization of the Interaction of Snapin with the Dopamine Transporter: Differential Modulation of Psychostimulant Actions. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1041-1051. [PMID: 28905875 PMCID: PMC5854797 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The importance of dopamine (DA) neurotransmission is emphasized by its direct implication in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. The DA transporter (DAT), target of psychostimulant drugs, is the key protein that regulates spatial and temporal activity of DA in the synaptic cleft via the rapid reuptake of DA into the presynaptic terminal. There is strong evidence suggesting that DAT-interacting proteins may have a role in its function and regulation. Performing a two-hybrid screening, we identified snapin, a SNARE-associated protein implicated in synaptic transmission, as a new binding partner of the carboxyl terminal of DAT. Our data show that snapin is a direct partner and regulator of DAT. First, we determined the domains required for this interaction in both proteins and characterized the DAT-snapin interface by generating a 3D model. Using different approaches, we demonstrated that (i) snapin is expressed in vivo in dopaminergic neurons along with DAT; (ii) both proteins colocalize in cultured cells and brain and, (iii) DAT and snapin are present in the same protein complex. Moreover, by functional studies we showed that snapin produces a significant decrease in DAT uptake activity. Finally, snapin downregulation in mice produces an increase in DAT levels and transport activity, hence increasing DA concentration and locomotor response to amphetamine. In conclusion, snapin/DAT interaction represents a direct link between exocytotic and reuptake mechanisms and is a potential target for DA transmission modulation.
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Li K, Zhang R, Xu Y, Wu Z, Li J, Zhou X, Jiang J, Liu H, Xiao R. Sortase A-mediated crosslinked short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases as novel biocatalysts with improved thermostability and catalytic efficiency. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3081. [PMID: 28596548 PMCID: PMC5465079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
(S)-carbonyl reductase II (SCRII) from Candida parapsilosis is a short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase. It catalyses the conversion of 2-hydroxyacetophenone to (S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol with low efficiency. Sortase was reported as a molecular “stapler” for site-specific protein conjugation to strengthen or add protein functionality. Here, we describe Staphylococcus aureus sortase A-mediated crosslinking of SCRII to produce stable catalysts for efficient biotransformation. Via a native N-terminal glycine and an added GGGGSLPETGG peptide at C-terminus of SCRII, SCRII subunits were conjugated by sortase A to form crosslinked SCRII, mainly dimers and trimers. The crosslinked SCRII showed over 6-fold and 4-fold increases, respectively, in activity and kcat/Km values toward 2-hydroxyacetophenone compared with wild-type SCRII. Moreover, crosslinked SCRII was much more thermostable with its denaturation temperature (Tm) increased to 60 °C. Biotransformation result showed that crosslinked SCRII gave a product optical purity of 100% and a yield of >99.9% within 3 h, a 16-fold decrease in transformation duration with respect to Escherichia coli/pET-SCRII. Sortase A-catalysed ligation also obviously improved Tms and product yields of eight other short-chain alcohol dehydrogenases/reductases. This work demonstrates a generic technology to improve enzyme function and thermostability through sortase A-mediated crosslinking of oxidoreductases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Rongzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China. .,National Key Laboratory for Food Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China. .,National Key Laboratory for Food Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
| | - Zhimeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.,School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
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Somanath S, Partridge CJ, Marshall C, Rowe T, Turner MD. Snapin mediates insulin secretory granule docking, but not trans-SNARE complex formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:403-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Di Giovanni J, Sheng ZH. Regulation of synaptic activity by snapin-mediated endolysosomal transport and sorting. EMBO J 2015; 34:2059-77. [PMID: 26108535 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201591125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recycling synaptic vesicles (SVs) transit through early endosomal sorting stations, which raises a fundamental question: are SVs sorted toward endolysosomal pathways? Here, we used snapin mutants as tools to assess how endolysosomal sorting and trafficking impact presynaptic activity in wild-type and snapin(-/-) neurons. Snapin acts as a dynein adaptor that mediates the retrograde transport of late endosomes (LEs) and interacts with dysbindin, a subunit of the endosomal sorting complex BLOC-1. Expressing dynein-binding defective snapin mutants induced SV accumulation at presynaptic terminals, mimicking the snapin(-/-) phenotype. Conversely, over-expressing snapin reduced SV pool size by enhancing SV trafficking to the endolysosomal pathway. Using a SV-targeted Ca(2+) sensor, we demonstrate that snapin-dysbindin interaction regulates SV positional priming through BLOC-1/AP-3-dependent sorting. Our study reveals a bipartite regulation of presynaptic activity by endolysosomal trafficking and sorting: LE transport regulates SV pool size, and BLOC-1/AP-3-dependent sorting fine-tunes the Ca(2+) sensitivity of SV release. Therefore, our study provides new mechanistic insights into the maintenance and regulation of SV pool size and synchronized SV fusion through snapin-mediated LE trafficking and endosomal sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Di Giovanni
- Synaptic Functions Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zu-Hang Sheng
- Synaptic Functions Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Chlamydia psittaci inclusion membrane protein IncB associates with host protein Snapin. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:542-53. [PMID: 24751478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia (C.) psittaci, the causative agent of psittacosis in birds and humans, is the most important zoonotic pathogen of the family Chlamydiaceae. During a unique developmental cycle of this obligate intracellular pathogen, the infectious elementary body gains access to the susceptible host cell, where it transforms into the replicative reticulate body. C. psittaci uses dynein motor proteins for optimal early development. Chlamydial proteins that mediate this process are unknown. Two-hybrid screening with the C. psittaci inclusion protein IncB as bait against a HeLa Yeast Two-hybrid (YTH) library revealed that the host protein Snapin interacts with IncB. Snapin is a cytoplasmic protein that plays a multivalent role in intracellular trafficking. Confocal fluorescence microscopy using an IncB-specific antibody demonstrated that IncB, Snapin, and dynein were co-localized near the inclusion of C. psittaci-infected HEp-2 cells. This co-localization was lost when Snapin was depleted by RNAi. The interaction of Snapin with both IncB and dynein has been shown in vitro and in vivo. We propose that Snapin connects chlamydial inclusions with the microtubule network by interacting with both IncB and dynein.
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Zhang Q, Li Y, Zhang L, Yang N, Meng J, Zuo P, Zhang Y, Chen J, Wang L, Gao X, Zhu D. E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF13 involves spatial learning and assembly of the SNARE complex. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:153-65. [PMID: 22890573 PMCID: PMC11113611 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the structure and number of synapses modulate learning, memory and cognitive disorders. Ubiquitin-mediated protein modification is a key mechanism for regulating synaptic activity, though the precise control of this process remains poorly understood. RING finger protein 13 (RNF13) is a recently identified E3 ubiquitin ligase, and its in vivo function remains completely unknown. We show here that genetic deletion of RNF13 in mice leads to a significant deficit in spatial learning as determined by the Morris water maze test and Y-maze learning test. At the ultrastructral level, the synaptic vesicle density was decreased and the area of the active zone was increased at hippocampal synapses of RNF13-null mice compared with those of wild-type littermates. We found no change in the levels of SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptor) complex proteins in the hippocampus of RNF13-null mice, but impaired SNARE complex assembly. RNF13 directly interacted with snapin, a SNAP-25-interacting protein. Interestingly, snapin was ubiquitinated by RNF13 via the lysine-29 conjugated polyubiquitin chain, which in turn promoted the association of snapin with SNAP-25. Consistently, we found an attenuated interaction between snapin and SNAP-25 in the RNF13-null mice. Therefore, these results suggest that RNF13 is involved in the regulation of the SNARE complex, which thereby controls synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Jiao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Pingping Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005 China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Model Animal Research Center and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Research, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061 China
| | - Dahai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005 China
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