1
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Lopez L, De Waard S, Meudal H, Caumes C, Khakh K, Peigneur S, Oliveira-Mendes B, Lin S, De Waele J, Montnach J, Cestèle S, Tessier A, Johnson JP, Mantegazza M, Tytgat J, Cohen C, Béroud R, Bosmans F, Landon C, De Waard M. Structure-function relationship of new peptides activating human Na v1.1. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115173. [PMID: 37453200 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nav1.1 is an important pharmacological target as this voltage-gated sodium channel is involved in neurological and cardiac syndromes. Channel activators are actively sought to try to compensate for haploinsufficiency in several of these pathologies. Herein we used a natural source of new peptide compounds active on ion channels and screened for drugs capable to inhibit channel inactivation as a way to compensate for decreased channel function. We discovered that JzTx-34 is highly active on Nav1.1 and subsequently performed a full structure-activity relationship investigation to identify its pharmacophore. These experiments will help interpret the mechanism of action of this and formerly identified peptides as well as the future identification of new peptides. We also reveal structural determinants that make natural ICK peptides active against Nav1.1 challenging to synthesize. Altogether, the knowledge gained by this study will help facilitate the discovery and development of new compounds active on this critical ion channel target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Lopez
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France; Smartox Biotechnology, Saint-Egrève, France
| | - Stephan De Waard
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France; LabEx "Ion Channels, Science and Therapeutics", Valbonne, France
| | - Hervé Meudal
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS, rue Charles Sadron, CS 80054, Orléans 45071, France
| | | | - Kuldip Khakh
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Sophia Lin
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jolien De Waele
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Montnach
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Sandrine Cestèle
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Agnès Tessier
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - J P Johnson
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Massimo Mantegazza
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7275, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Jan Tytgat
- University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charles Cohen
- Xenon Pharmaceuticals, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Frank Bosmans
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Céline Landon
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS, rue Charles Sadron, CS 80054, Orléans 45071, France
| | - Michel De Waard
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France; Smartox Biotechnology, Saint-Egrève, France; LabEx "Ion Channels, Science and Therapeutics", Valbonne, France.
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2
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Artificial pore blocker acts specifically on voltage-gated potassium channel isoform K V1.6. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102467. [PMID: 36087839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among voltage-gated potassium channel (KV) isoforms, KV1.6 is one of the most widespread in the nervous system. However, there are little data concerning its physiological significance, in part due to the scarcity of specific ligands. The known high-affinity ligands of KV1.6 lack selectivity, and conversely, its selective ligands show low affinity. Here, we present a designer peptide with both high affinity and selectivity to KV1.6. Previously, we have demonstrated that KV isoform-selective peptides can be constructed based on the simplistic α-hairpinin scaffold, and we obtained a number of artificial Tk-hefu peptides showing selective blockage of KV1.3 in the submicromolar range. We have now proposed amino acid substitutions to enhance their activity. As a result, we have been able to produce Tk-hefu-11 that shows a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of ≈70 nM against KV1.3. Quite surprisingly, Tk-hefu-11 turns out to block KV1.6 with even higher potency, presenting an EC50 of ≈10 nM. Furthermore, we have solved the peptide structure and used molecular dynamics to investigate the determinants of selective interactions between artificial α-hairpinins and KV channels to explain the dramatic increase in KV1.6 affinity. Since KV1.3 is not highly expressed in the nervous system, we hope that Tk-hefu-11 will be useful in studies of KV1.6 and its functions.
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Matsumura K, Yokogawa M, Osawa M. Peptide Toxins Targeting KV Channels. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 267:481-505. [PMID: 34117930 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A number of peptide toxins isolated from animals target potassium ion (K+) channels. Many of them are particularly known to inhibit voltage-gated K+ (KV) channels and are mainly classified into pore-blocking toxins or gating-modifier toxins. Pore-blocking toxins directly bind to the ion permeation pores of KV channels, thereby physically occluding them. In contrast, gating-modifier toxins bind to the voltage-sensor domains of KV channels, modulating their voltage-dependent conformational changes. These peptide toxins are useful molecular tools in revealing the structure-function relationship of KV channels and have potential for novel treatments for diseases related to KV channels. This review focuses on the inhibition mechanism of pore-blocking and gating-modifier toxins that target KV channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Matsumura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Yokogawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Osawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Wang Y, Luo Z, Lei S, Li S, Li X, Yuan C. Effects and mechanism of gating modifier spider toxins on the hERG channel. Toxicon 2020; 189:56-64. [PMID: 33212100 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Jingzhaotoxin-I, -III, -IV, -XIII, and -35 (JZTX-I, -III, -IV, -XIII, and -35), gating modifier toxins isolated from the venom of the Chinese tarantula Chilobrachys Jingzhao, were reported to act on cardiac sodium channels and Kv channels. JZTX-I and JZTX-XIII inhibited the hERG channel with the IC50 value of 626.9 nM and 612.6 nM, respectively. JZTX-III, -IV, and -35 share high sequence similarity with JZTX-I and JZTX-XIII, but they showed much lower affinity on the hERG channel compared with JZTX-I and JZTX-XIII. The inhibitory potency of the above five toxins on the hERG channel was not in accordance with their affinity on the Nav1.5 and Kv2.1 channels, indicating that the bioactive surfaces of the five toxins interacting with hERG, Nav1.5 and Kv2.1 are at least in part different. Structure-function analysis of the gating modifier toxins suggested that the functional bioactive surface binding to the hERG channel consists of a conserved hydrophobic patch, surrounding acidic residues (Glu10 in JZTX-XIII, Glu11 in JZTX-I), and basic residues which may be different from residues binding to the Kv2.1 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhengyi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Sheng Lei
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shuji Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Chunhua Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Deng M, Jiang L, Luo X, Tao H, Liang S. Jingzhaotoxin-X, a gating modifier of Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 potassium channels purified from the venom of the Chinese tarantula Chilobrachys jingzhao. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2020; 26:e20190043. [PMID: 32536941 PMCID: PMC7269146 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2019-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tarantula Chilobrachys jingzhao is one of the largest venomous spiders in China. In previous studies, we purified and characterized at least eight peptides from C. jingzhao venom. In this report, we describe the purification and characterization of Jingzhaotoxin-X (JZTX-X), which selectively blocks Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 potassium channels. Methods JZTX-X was purified using a combination of cation-exchange HPLC and reverse-phase HPLC. The amino-acid sequence was determined by automated Edman degradation and confirmed by mass spectrometry (MS). Voltage-gated ion channel currents were recorded in HEK293t cells transiently transfected with a variety of ion channel constructs. In addition, the hyperalgesic activity of JZTX-X and the toxin´s effect on motor function were assessed in mice. Results JZTX-X contained 31 amino acids, with six cysteine residues that formed three disulfide bonds within an inhibitory cysteine knot (ICK) topology. In whole-cell voltage-clamp experiments, JZTX-X inhibited Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 potassium channels in a concentration- and voltage-dependent manner, without affecting other ion channels (Kv1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, delayed rectifier potassium channels, high- and low-voltage-activated Ca2+ channels, and voltage-gated sodium channels Nav1.5 and 1.7). JZTX-X also shifted the voltage-dependent channel activation to more depolarized potentials, whereas extreme depolarization caused reversible toxin binding to Kv4.2 channels. JZTX-X shifted the Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 activities towards a resting state, since at the resting potential the toxin completely inhibited the channels, even in the absence of an applied physical stimulus. Intrathecal or intraplantar injection of JZTX-X caused a long-lasting decrease in the mechanical nociceptive threshold (hyperalgesia) but had no effect on motor function as assessed in the rotarod test. Conclusions JZTX-X selectively suppresses Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 potassium channel activity in a concentration- and voltage-dependent manner and causes long-lasting mechanical hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichun Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Huai Tao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Songping Liang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
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6
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Deng M, Jiang L, Luo X, Tao H, Liang S. Jingzhaotoxin-X, a gating modifier of Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 potassium channels purified from the venom of the Chinese tarantula Chilobrachys jingzhao. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1590//1678-9199-jvatitd-2019-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huai Tao
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, China
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7
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Bajaj S, Han J. Venom-Derived Peptide Modulators of Cation-Selective Channels: Friend, Foe or Frenemy. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:58. [PMID: 30863305 PMCID: PMC6399158 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion channels play a key role in our body to regulate homeostasis and conduct electrical signals. With the help of advances in structural biology, as well as the discovery of numerous channel modulators derived from animal toxins, we are moving toward a better understanding of the function and mode of action of ion channels. Their ubiquitous tissue distribution and the physiological relevancies of their opening and closing suggest that cation channels are particularly attractive drug targets, and years of research has revealed a variety of natural toxins that bind to these channels and alter their function. In this review, we provide an introductory overview of the major cation ion channels: potassium channels, sodium channels and calcium channels, describe their venom-derived peptide modulators, and how these peptides provide great research and therapeutic value to both basic and translational medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Bajaj
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingyao Han
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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8
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Hu Z, Chen B, Xiao Z, Zhou X, Liu Z. Transcriptomic Analysis of the Spider Venom Gland Reveals Venom Diversity and Species Consanguinity. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11020068. [PMID: 30682870 PMCID: PMC6409621 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenocosmia jiafu (S. jiafu) has been recently identified as a new species of spider in China. It lives in the same habitat as various other venomous spiders, including Chilobrachys jingzhao (C. jingzhao), Selenocosmia huwena (S. huwena), and Macrothele raveni (M. raveni). The venom from these different species of spiders exhibits some similarities and some differences in terms of their biochemical and electrophysiological properties. With the objective to illustrate the diversity in venom peptide toxins and to establish the evolutionary relationship between different spider species, we first performed transcriptomic analysis on a cDNA library from the venom gland of S. jiafu. We identified 146 novel toxin-like sequences, which were classified into eighteen different superfamilies. This transcriptome was then compared with that of C. jingzhao, which revealed that the putative toxins from both spider venoms may have originated from the same ancestor, although novel toxins evolved independently in the two species. A BLAST search and pharmacological analysis revealed that the two venoms have similar sodium channel modulation activity. This study provides insights into the venom of two closely related species of spider, which will prove useful towards understanding the structure and function of their toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaotun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China.
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Bo Chen
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Zhen Xiao
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Xi Zhou
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
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Abstract
Gating pore currents through the voltage-sensing domains (VSDs) of the skeletal muscle voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.4 underlie hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP) type 2. Gating modifier toxins target ion channels by modifying the function of the VSDs. We tested the hypothesis that these toxins could function as blockers of the pathogenic gating pore currents. We report that a crab spider toxin Hm-3 from Heriaeus melloteei can inhibit gating pore currents due to mutations affecting the second arginine residue in the S4 helix of VSD-I that we have found in patients with HypoPP and describe here. NMR studies show that Hm-3 partitions into micelles through a hydrophobic cluster formed by aromatic residues and reveal complex formation with VSD-I through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with the S3b helix and the S3-S4 extracellular loop. Our data identify VSD-I as a specific binding site for neurotoxins on sodium channels. Gating modifier toxins may constitute useful hits for the treatment of HypoPP.
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Yao M, Wang J, Wu L, Min L, Li WY, Zhu LY, Meng E, Zhang DY. An efficient strategy for the expression of Jingzhaotoxin-III in Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1304182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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11
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Tao H, Chen X, Deng M, Xiao Y, Wu Y, Liu Z, Zhou S, He Y, Liang S. Interaction site for the inhibition of tarantula Jingzhaotoxin-XI on voltage-gated potassium channel Kv2.1. Toxicon 2016; 124:8-14. [PMID: 27810559 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Jingzhaotoxin-XI (JZTX-XI) is a 34-residue peptide from the Chinese tarantula Chilobrachys jingzhao venom that potently inhibits both voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.5 and voltage-gated potassium channel Kv2.1. In the present study, we further showed that JZTX-XI blocked Kv2.1 currents with the IC50 value of 0.39 ± 0.06 μM. JZTX-XI significantly shifted the current-voltage (I-V) curves and normalized conductance-voltage (G-V) curves of Kv2.1 channel to more depolarized voltages. Ala-scanning mutagenesis analyses demonstrated that mutants I273A, F274A, and E277A reduced toxin binding affinity by 10-, 16-, and 18-fold, respectively, suggesting that three common residues (I273, F274, E277) in the Kv2.1 S3b segment contribute to the formation of JZTX-XI receptor site, and the acidic residue Glu at the position 277 in Kv2.1 is the most important residue for JZTX-XI sensitivity. A single replacement of E277 with Asp(D) increased toxin inhibitory activity. These results establish that JZTX-XI inhibits Kv2.1 activation by trapping the voltage sensor in the rested state through a similar mechanism to that of HaTx1, but these two toxins have small differences in the most crucial molecular determinant. Furthermore, the in-depth investigation of the subtle differences in molecular determinants may be useful for increasing our understanding of the molecular details regarding toxin-channel interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Tao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Meichun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yucheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Sainan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Yingchun He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Songping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
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Deng M, Hu Z, Cai T, Liu K, Wu W, Luo X, Jiang L, Wang M, Yang J, Xiao Y, Liang S. Characterization of ion channels on subesophageal ganglion neurons from Chinese tarantula Ornithoctonus huwena: Exploring the myth of the spider insensitive to its venom. Toxicon 2016; 120:61-8. [PMID: 27452932 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chinese tarantula Ornithoctonus huwena is one of the most venomous spiders distributing in the hilly areas of southern China. In this study, using whole-cell patch-clamp technique we investigated electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of ion channels from tarantula subesophageal ganglion neurons. It was found that the neurons express multiple kinds of ion channels at least including voltage-gated calcium channels, TTX-sensitive sodium channels and two types of potassium channels. They exhibit pharmacological properties similar to mammalian subtypes. Spider calcium channels were sensitive to ω-conotoxin GVIA and diltiazem, two well-known inhibitors of mammalian neuronal high-voltage-activated (HVA) subtypes. 4-Aminopyridine and tetraethylammonium could inhibit spider outward transient and delayed-rectifier potassium channels, respectively. Huwentoxin-I and huwentoxin-IV are two abundant toxic components in the venom of Ornithoctonus huwena. Interestingly, although in our previous work they inhibit HVA calcium channels and TTX-sensitive sodium channels from mammalian sensory neurons, respectively, they fail to affect the subtypes from spider neurons. Moreover, the crude venom has no effect on delayed-rectifier potassium channels and only slightly reduces transient outward potassium channels with an IC50 value of ∼51.3 mg/L. Therefore, our findings provide important evidence for ion channels from spiders having an evolution as self-defense and prey mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China; Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.
| | - Zhaotun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, School of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua College, Huaihua, Hunan, 418008, China; Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.
| | - Tianfu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Wenfang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Meichi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Yucheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Songping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.
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13
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Tao H, Chen X, Lu M, Wu Y, Deng M, Zeng X, Liu Z, Liang S. Molecular determinant for the tarantula toxin Jingzhaotoxin-I slowing the fast inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels. Toxicon 2015; 111:13-21. [PMID: 26721415 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Peptide toxins often have divergent pharmacological functions and are powerful tools for a deep review on the current understanding of the structure-function relationships of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). However, knowing about the interaction of site 3 toxins from tarantula venoms with VGSCs is not sufficient. In the present study, using whole-cell patch clamp technique, we determined the effects of Jingzhaotoxin-I (JZTX-I) on five VGSC subtypes expressed in HEK293 cells. The results showed that JZTX-I could inhibit the inactivation of rNav1.2, rNav1.3, rNav1.4, hNav1.5 and hNav1.7 channels with the IC50 of 870 ± 8 nM, 845 ± 4 nM, 339 ± 5 nM, 335 ± 9 nM, and 348 ± 6 nM, respectively. The affinity of the toxin interaction with subtypes (rNav1.4, hNav1.5, and hNav1.7) was only 2-fold higher than that for subtypes (rNav1.2 and rNav1.3). The toxin delayed the inactivation of VGSCs without affecting the activation and steady-state inactivation kinetics in the physiological range of voltages. Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that the toxin interacted with site 3 located at the extracellular S3-S4 linker of domain IV, and the acidic residue Asp at the position1609 in hNav1.5 was crucial for JZTX-I activity. Our results provide new insights in single key residue that allows toxins to recognize distinct ion channels with similar potency and enhance our understanding of the structure-function relationships of toxin-channel interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Tao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China.
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Min Lu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Meichun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiongzhi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Songping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China.
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14
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Jingzhaotoxin-35, a novel gating-modifier toxin targeting both Nav1.5 and Kv2.1 channels. Toxicon 2014; 92:90-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Berkut AA, Peigneur S, Myshkin MY, Paramonov AS, Lyukmanova EN, Arseniev AS, Grishin EV, Tytgat J, Shenkarev ZO, Vassilevski AA. Structure of membrane-active toxin from crab spider Heriaeus melloteei suggests parallel evolution of sodium channel gating modifiers in Araneomorphae and Mygalomorphae. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:492-504. [PMID: 25352595 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.595678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a structural and functional study of a sodium channel activation inhibitor from crab spider venom. Hm-3 is an insecticidal peptide toxin consisting of 35 amino acid residues from the spider Heriaeus melloteei (Thomisidae). We produced Hm-3 recombinantly in Escherichia coli and determined its structure by NMR spectroscopy. Typical for spider toxins, Hm-3 was found to adopt the so-called "inhibitor cystine knot" or "knottin" fold stabilized by three disulfide bonds. Its molecule is amphiphilic with a hydrophobic ridge on the surface enriched in aromatic residues and surrounded by positive charges. Correspondingly, Hm-3 binds to both neutral and negatively charged lipid vesicles. Electrophysiological studies showed that at a concentration of 1 μm Hm-3 effectively inhibited a number of mammalian and insect sodium channels. Importantly, Hm-3 shifted the dependence of channel activation to more positive voltages. Moreover, the inhibition was voltage-dependent, and strong depolarizing prepulses attenuated Hm-3 activity. The toxin is therefore concluded to represent the first sodium channel gating modifier from an araneomorph spider and features a "membrane access" mechanism of action. Its amino acid sequence and position of the hydrophobic cluster are notably different from other known gating modifiers from spider venom, all of which are described from mygalomorph species. We hypothesize parallel evolution of inhibitor cystine knot toxins from Araneomorphae and Mygalomorphae suborders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina A Berkut
- From the M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 117303 Moscow, Russia, and
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mikhail Yu Myshkin
- From the M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 117303 Moscow, Russia, and
| | - Alexander S Paramonov
- From the M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N Lyukmanova
- From the M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Arseniev
- From the M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 117303 Moscow, Russia, and
| | - Eugene V Grishin
- From the M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zakhar O Shenkarev
- From the M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Vassilevski
- From the M. M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia,
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