1
|
Elias J, Angelini T, Martindale MQ, Gower L. Assessment of Optimal Conditions for Marine Invertebrate Cell-Mediated Mineralization of Organic Matrices. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7030086. [PMID: 35892356 PMCID: PMC9326593 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7030086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular strategies and regulation of their crystallization mechanisms are essential to the formation of biominerals, and harnessing these strategies will be important for the future creation of novel non-native biominerals that recapitulate the impressive properties biominerals possess. Harnessing these biosynthetic strategies requires an understanding of the interplay between insoluble organic matrices, mineral precursors, and soluble organic and inorganic additives. Our long-range goal is to use a sea anemone model system (Nematostella vectensis) to examine the role of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) found in native biomineral systems. Here, we study how ambient temperatures (25–37 °C) and seawater solution compositions (varying NaCl and Mg ratios) will affect the infiltration of organic matrices with calcium carbonate mineral precursors generated through a polymer-induced liquid-precursor (PILP) process. Fibrillar collagen matrices were used to assess whether solution conditions were suitable for intrafibrillar mineralization, and SEM with EDS was used to analyze mineral infiltration. Conditions of temperatures 30 °C and above and with low Mg:Ca ratios were determined to be suitable conditions for calcium carbonate infiltration. The information obtained from these observations may be useful for the manipulation and study of cellular secreted IDPs in our quest to create novel biosynthetic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Elias
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Thomas Angelini
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Mark Q. Martindale
- Whitney Laboratory of Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL 32080, USA;
| | - Laurie Gower
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Novel Insights into Regulation of Human Teeth Biomineralization: Deciphering the Role of Post-Translational Modifications in a Tooth Protein Extract. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164035. [PMID: 31430851 PMCID: PMC6720696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of whole protein extracts from different types of human teeth in modulating the process of teeth biomineralization is reported. There are two crucial features in protein molecules that result in efficient teeth biomineralization. Firstly, the unique secondary structure characteristics within these proteins i.e. the exclusive presence of a large amount of intrinsic disorder and secondly, the presence of post-translational modifications (PTM) like phosphorylation and glycosylation within these protein molecules. The present study accesses the structural implications of PTMs in the tooth proteins through scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The deglycosylated/dephosphorylated protein extracts failed to form higher-order mineralization assemblies. Furthermore, through nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) we have shown that dephosphorylation and deglycosylation significantly impact the biomineralization abilities of the protein extract and resulted in smaller sized clusters. Hence, we propose these post-translational modifications are indispensable for the process of teeth biomineralization. In addition to basic science, this study would be worth consideration while designing of biomimetics architecture for an efficient peptide-based teeth remineralization strategy.
Collapse
|
3
|
Evans JS. The Biomineralization Proteome: Protein Complexity for a Complex Bioceramic Assembly Process. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1900036. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Spencer Evans
- Laboratory for Chemical PhysicsDepartment of Skeletal and Craniofacial BiologyNew York University College of Dentistry New York NY 10010 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Evans JS. Composite Materials Design: Biomineralization Proteins and the Guided Assembly and Organization of Biomineral Nanoparticles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E581. [PMID: 30781347 PMCID: PMC6416723 DOI: 10.3390/ma12040581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There has been much discussion of the role of proteins in the calcium carbonate biomineralization process, particularly with regard to nucleation, amorphous stabilization/transformation, and polymorph selection. However, there has been little if any discussion of the potential role that proteins might play in another important process: the guided assembly and organization of mineral nanoparticles into higher-ordered structures such as mesocrystals. This review discusses particle attachment theory and recent evidence of mineral-associated proteins forming hydrogels that assemble and organize mineral clusters into crystalline phase. From this discussion we postulate a mechanism by which biomineralization protein hydrogel aggregation assists in mineral nanoparticle assembly and organization within calcium carbonate skeletal elements and discuss potentials ways for harnessing this process in materials design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Spencer Evans
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics, Center for Skeletal and Craniofacial Biology, New York University, 345 E. 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Elsharkawy S, Mata A. Hierarchical Biomineralization: from Nature's Designs to Synthetic Materials for Regenerative Medicine and Dentistry. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800178. [PMID: 29943412 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Biomineralization is a highly dynamic, yet controlled, process that many living creatures employ to develop functional tissues such as tooth enamel, bone, and others. A major goal in materials science is to create bioinspired functional structures based on the precise organization of building blocks across multiple length scales. Therefore, learning how nature has evolved to use biomineralization could inspire new ways to design and develop synthetic hierarchical materials with enhanced functionality. Toward this goal, this review dissects the current understanding of structure-function relationships of dental enamel and bone using a materials science perspective and discusses a wide range of synthetic technologies that aim to recreate their hierarchical organization and functionality. Insights into how these strategies could be applied for regenerative medicine and dentistry are also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Elsharkawy
- Institute of Bioengineering; Queen Mary University of London; London E1 4NS UK
- School of Engineering and Materials Science; Queen Mary University of London; London E1 4NS UK
- Institute of Dentistry; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London E1 4NS UK
| | - Alvaro Mata
- Institute of Bioengineering; Queen Mary University of London; London E1 4NS UK
- School of Engineering and Materials Science; Queen Mary University of London; London E1 4NS UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Protein disorder–order interplay to guide the growth of hierarchical mineralized structures. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2145. [PMID: 29858566 PMCID: PMC5984621 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A major goal in materials science is to develop bioinspired functional materials based on the precise control of molecular building blocks across length scales. Here we report a protein-mediated mineralization process that takes advantage of disorder–order interplay using elastin-like recombinamers to program organic–inorganic interactions into hierarchically ordered mineralized structures. The materials comprise elongated apatite nanocrystals that are aligned and organized into microscopic prisms, which grow together into spherulite-like structures hundreds of micrometers in diameter that come together to fill macroscopic areas. The structures can be grown over large uneven surfaces and native tissues as acid-resistant membranes or coatings with tuneable hierarchy, stiffness, and hardness. Our study represents a potential strategy for complex materials design that may open opportunities for hard tissue repair and provide insights into the role of molecular disorder in human physiology and pathology. There is evidence that disordered proteins play a role in the mineralization process. Here, the authors report on the development of elastin-like recombinant protein membranes using disordered-ordered interplay to investigate and guide mineralization.
Collapse
|
7
|
Pendola M, Evans JS. Insights into Mollusk Shell Formation: Interlamellar and Lamellar-Specific Nacre Protein Hydrogels Differ in Ion Interaction Signatures. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:1161-1168. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pendola
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics,
Division of Basic Sciences and Center for Skeletal and Craniofacial
Biology, New York University, 345 E. 24th Street, NY, New York 10010 United States
| | - John Spencer Evans
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics,
Division of Basic Sciences and Center for Skeletal and Craniofacial
Biology, New York University, 345 E. 24th Street, NY, New York 10010 United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Risan J, Jain G, Pendola M, Evans JS. Intracrystalline incorporation of nacre protein hydrogels modifies the mechanical properties of calcite crystals: a microcompression study. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:4191-4196. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01156g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The fracture toughness of mollusk shell nacre has been attributed to many factors, one of which is the intracrystalline incorporation of nacre-specific proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared Risan
- Nano Surfaces Division
- Bruker Corporation
- Eden Prairie
- USA
| | - Gaurav Jain
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics
- Division of Basic Sciences and Center for Skeletal and Craniofacial Biology
- New York University College of Dentistry
- NY
- USA
| | - Martin Pendola
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics
- Division of Basic Sciences and Center for Skeletal and Craniofacial Biology
- New York University College of Dentistry
- NY
- USA
| | - John Spencer Evans
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics
- Division of Basic Sciences and Center for Skeletal and Craniofacial Biology
- New York University College of Dentistry
- NY
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pendola M, Davidyants A, Jung YS, Evans JS. Sea Urchin Spicule Matrix Proteins Form Mesoscale "Smart" Hydrogels That Exhibit Selective Ion Interactions. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:6151-6158. [PMID: 31457861 PMCID: PMC6644494 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the sea urchin embryo spicule, there exists a proteome of >200 proteins that are responsible for controlling the mineralization of the spicule and the formation of a fracture-resistant composite. In this report, using recombinant proteins, we identify that two protein components of the spicule, SM30B/C and SM50, are hydrogelators. Because of the presence of intrinsic disorder and aggregation-prone regions, these proteins assemble to form porous mesoscale hydrogel particles in solution. These hydrogel particles change their size, organization, and internal structure in response to pH and ions, particularly Ca(II), which indicates that these behave as ion-responsive or "smart" hydrogels. Using diffusion-ordered spectroscopy NMR, we find that both hydrogels affect the diffusion of water, but only SM50 affects the diffusion of an anionic solute. Thus, the extracellular matrix of the spicule consists of several hydrogelator proteins which are responsive to solution conditions and can control the diffusion of water and solutes, and these proteins will serve as a model system for designing ion-responsive, composite, and smart hydrogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pendola
- Center for Skeletal Biology and Craniofacial
Medicine, Laboratory for Chemical Physics, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New
York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Anastasia Davidyants
- Center for Skeletal Biology and Craniofacial
Medicine, Laboratory for Chemical Physics, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New
York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Yong Seob Jung
- Center for Skeletal Biology and Craniofacial
Medicine, Laboratory for Chemical Physics, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New
York, New York 10010, United States
| | - John Spencer Evans
- Center for Skeletal Biology and Craniofacial
Medicine, Laboratory for Chemical Physics, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New
York, New York 10010, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jain G, Pendola M, Huang YC, Juan Colas J, Gebauer D, Johnson S, Evans JS. Functional Prioritization and Hydrogel Regulation Phenomena Created by a Combinatorial Pearl-Associated Two-Protein Biomineralization Model System. Biochemistry 2017; 56:3607-3618. [PMID: 28649833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the nacre or aragonitic layer of an oyster pearl, there exists a 12-member proteome that regulates both the early stages of nucleation and nanoscale-to-mesoscale assembly of nacre tablets and calcitic crystals from mineral nanoparticle precursors. Several approaches to understanding protein-associated mechanisms of pearl nacre formation have been developed, yet we still lack insight into how protein ensembles or proteomes manage nucleation and crystal growth. To provide additional insights, we have created a proportionally defined combinatorial model consisting of two pearl nacre-associated proteins, PFMG1 and PFMG2 (shell oyster pearl nacre, Pinctada fucata) whose individual in vitro mineralization functionalities are distinct from one another. Using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Ca(II) potentiometric titrations, and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring quantitative analyses, we find that at 1:1 molar ratios, rPFMG2 and rPFMG1 co-aggregate in specific molecular ratios to form hybrid hydrogels that affect both the early and later stages of in vitro calcium carbonate nucleation. Within these hybrid hydrogels, rPFMG2 plays a role in defining protein co-aggregation and hydrogel dimension, whereas rPFMG1 defines participation in nonclassical nucleation processes; both proteins exhibit synergy with regard to surface and subsurface modifications to existing crystals. The interactions between both proteins are enhanced by Ca(II) ions and may involve Ca(II)-induced conformational events within the EF-hand rPFMG1 protein, as well as putative interactions between the EF-hand domain of rPFMG1 and the calponin-like domain of rPFMG2. Thus, the pearl-associated PFMG1 and PFMG2 proteins interact and exhibit mineralization functionalities in specific ways, which may be relevant for pearl formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Jain
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics, Center for Skeletal and Craniofacial Biology, New York University , 345 East 24th Street, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Martin Pendola
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics, Center for Skeletal and Craniofacial Biology, New York University , 345 East 24th Street, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Yu-Chieh Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Universität Konstanz , Universitätstrasse 10, Konstanz D-78457, Germany
| | - Jose Juan Colas
- Department of Physics, University of York , Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Denis Gebauer
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Universität Konstanz , Universitätstrasse 10, Konstanz D-78457, Germany
| | - Steven Johnson
- Department of Electronics, University of York , Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - John Spencer Evans
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics, Center for Skeletal and Craniofacial Biology, New York University , 345 East 24th Street, New York, New York 10010, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jain G, Pendola M, Huang YC, Gebauer D, Evans JS. A Model Sea Urchin Spicule Matrix Protein, rSpSM50, Is a Hydrogelator That Modifies and Organizes the Mineralization Process. Biochemistry 2017; 56:2663-2675. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Jain
- Laboratory
for Chemical Physics, Center for Skeletal and Craniofacial Biology, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Martin Pendola
- Laboratory
for Chemical Physics, Center for Skeletal and Craniofacial Biology, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Yu-Chieh Huang
- Physical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, Universitätstrasse
10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Denis Gebauer
- Physical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, Universitätstrasse
10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - John Spencer Evans
- Laboratory
for Chemical Physics, Center for Skeletal and Craniofacial Biology, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, New York 10010, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Jain G, Pendola M, Rao A, Cölfen H, Evans JS. A Model Sea Urchin Spicule Matrix Protein Self-Associates To Form Mineral-Modifying Protein Hydrogels. Biochemistry 2016; 55:4410-21. [PMID: 27426695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, the formation and mineralization of fracture-resistant skeletal elements such as the embryonic spicule require the combinatorial participation of numerous spicule matrix proteins such as the SpSM30A-F isoforms. However, because of limited abundance, it has been difficult to pursue extensive biochemical studies of the SpSM30 proteins and deduce their role in spicule formation and mineralization. To circumvent these problems, we expressed a model recombinant spicule matrix protein, rSpSM30B/C, which possesses the key sequence attributes of isoforms "B" and "C". Our findings indicate that rSpSM30B/C is expressed in insect cells as a single polypeptide containing variations in glycosylation that create microheterogeneity in rSpSM30B/C molecular masses. These post-translational modifications incorporate O- and N-glycans and anionic mono- and bisialylated and mono- and bisulfated monosaccharides on the protein molecules and enhance its aggregation propensity. Bioinformatics and biophysical experiments confirm that rSpSM30B/C is an intrinsically disordered, aggregation-prone protein that forms porous protein hydrogels that control the in vitro mineralization process in three ways: (1) increase the time interval for prenucleation cluster formation and transiently stabilize an ACC polymorph, (2) promote and organize single-crystal calcite nanoparticles, and (3) promote faceted growth and create surface texturing of calcite crystals. These features are also common to mollusk shell nacre proteins, and we conclude that rSpSM30B/C is a spiculogenesis protein that exhibits traits found in other calcium carbonate mineral modification proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Jain
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics, Center for Skeletal and Craniofacial Biology, New York University , 345 East 24th Street, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Martin Pendola
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics, Center for Skeletal and Craniofacial Biology, New York University , 345 East 24th Street, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Ashit Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Universität Konstanz , Universitätstrasse 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Universität Konstanz , Universitätstrasse 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - John Spencer Evans
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics, Center for Skeletal and Craniofacial Biology, New York University , 345 East 24th Street, New York, New York 10010, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chang EP, Roncal-Herrero T, Morgan T, Dunn KE, Rao A, Kunitake JAMR, Lui S, Bilton M, Estroff LA, Kröger R, Johnson S, Cölfen H, Evans JS. Synergistic Biomineralization Phenomena Created by a Combinatorial Nacre Protein Model System. Biochemistry 2016; 55:2401-10. [PMID: 27072850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the nacre or aragonite layer of the mollusk shell, proteomes that regulate both the early stages of nucleation and nano-to-mesoscale assembly of nacre tablets from mineral nanoparticle precursors exist. Several approaches have been developed to understand protein-associated mechanisms of nacre formation, yet we still lack insight into how protein ensembles or proteomes manage nucleation and crystal growth. To provide additional insights, we have created a proportionally defined combinatorial model consisting of two nacre-associated proteins, C-RING AP7 (shell nacre, Haliotis rufescens) and pseudo-EF hand PFMG1 (oyster pearl nacre, Pinctada fucata), whose individual in vitro mineralization functionalities are well-documented and distinct from one another. Using scanning electron microscopy, flow cell scanning transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Ca(II) potentiometric titrations, and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring quantitative analyses, we find that both nacre proteins are functionally active within the same mineralization environments and, at 1:1 molar ratios, synergistically create calcium carbonate mesoscale structures with ordered intracrystalline nanoporosities, extensively prolong nucleation times, and introduce an additional nucleation event. Further, these two proteins jointly create nanoscale protein aggregates or phases that under mineralization conditions further assemble into protein-mineral polymer-induced liquid precursor-like phases with enhanced ACC stabilization capabilities, and there is evidence of intermolecular interactions between AP7 and PFMG1 under these conditions. Thus, a combinatorial model system consisting of more than one defined biomineralization protein dramatically changes the outcome of the in vitro biomineralization process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Chang
- Center for Skeletal Biology, Laboratory for Chemical Physics, New York University College of Dentistry , New York, New York 10010, United States
| | | | - Tamara Morgan
- Department of Electronics, University of York , Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine E Dunn
- Department of Electronics, University of York , Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Ashit Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Konstanz , Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jennie A M R Kunitake
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853-1501, United States
| | - Susan Lui
- Center for Skeletal Biology, Laboratory for Chemical Physics, New York University College of Dentistry , New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Matthew Bilton
- Department of Physics, University of York , Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Lara A Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853-1501, United States
| | - Roland Kröger
- Department of Physics, University of York , Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Johnson
- Department of Electronics, University of York , Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Konstanz , Konstanz, Germany
| | - John Spencer Evans
- Center for Skeletal Biology, Laboratory for Chemical Physics, New York University College of Dentistry , New York, New York 10010, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chang EP, Perovic I, Rao A, Cölfen H, Evans JS. Insect Cell Glycosylation and Its Impact on the Functionality of a Recombinant Intracrystalline Nacre Protein, AP24. Biochemistry 2016; 55:1024-35. [PMID: 26784838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of glycosylation on biomineralization protein function are largely unknown. This is certainly true for the mollusk shell, where glycosylated intracrystalline proteins such as AP24 (Haliotis rufescens) exist but their functions and the role of glycosylation remain elusive. To assess the effect of glycosylation on protein function, we expressed two recombinant variants of AP24: an unglycosylated bacteria-expressed version (rAP24N) and a glycosylated insect cell-expressed version (rAP24G). Our findings indicate that rAP24G is expressed as a single polypeptide containing variations in glycosylation that create microheterogeneity in rAP24G molecular masses. These post-translational modifications incorporate O- and N-glycans and anionic monosialylated and bisialylated, and monosulfated and bisulfated monosaccharides on the protein molecules. AFM and DLS experiments confirm that both rAP24N and rAP24G aggregate to form protein phases, with rAP24N exhibiting a higher degree of aggregation, compared to rAP24G. With regard to functionality, we observe that both recombinant proteins exhibit similar behavior within in vitro calcium carbonate mineralization assays and potentiometric titrations. However, rAP24G modifies crystal growth directions and is a stronger nucleation inhibitor, whereas rAP24N exhibits higher mineral phase stabilization and nanoparticle containment. We believe that the post-translational addition of anionic groups (via sialylation and sulfation), along with modifications to the protein surface topology, may explain the changes in glycosylated rAP24G aggregation and mineralization behavior, relative to rAP24N.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Chang
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics, Division of Basic Sciences and Center for Skeletal Biology, New York University , 345 E. 24th Street, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Iva Perovic
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics, Division of Basic Sciences and Center for Skeletal Biology, New York University , 345 E. 24th Street, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Ashit Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Universität Konstanz , Universitätstrasse 10, Konstanz D-78457, Germany
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Universität Konstanz , Universitätstrasse 10, Konstanz D-78457, Germany
| | - John Spencer Evans
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics, Division of Basic Sciences and Center for Skeletal Biology, New York University , 345 E. 24th Street, New York, New York 10010, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Boskey AL, Villarreal-Ramirez E. Intrinsically disordered proteins and biomineralization. Matrix Biol 2016; 52-54:43-59. [PMID: 26807759 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In vertebrates and invertebrates, biomineralization is controlled by the cell and the proteins they produce. A large number of these proteins are intrinsically disordered, gaining some secondary structure when they interact with their binding partners. These partners include the component ions of the mineral being deposited, the crystals themselves, the template on which the initial crystals form, and other intrinsically disordered proteins and peptides. This review speculates why intrinsically disordered proteins are so important for biomineralization, providing illustrations from the SIBLING (small integrin binding N-glycosylated) proteins and their peptides. It is concluded that the flexible structure, and the ability of the intrinsically disordered proteins to bind to a multitude of surfaces is crucial, but details on the precise-interactions, energetics and kinetics of binding remain to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adele L Boskey
- Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pendola M, Jain G, Davidyants A, Huang YC, Gebauer D, Evans JS. A nacre protein forms mesoscale hydrogels that “hijack” the biomineralization process within a seawater environment. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01887d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
18
|
Chang EP, Evans JS. Pif97, a von Willebrand and Peritrophin Biomineralization Protein, Organizes Mineral Nanoparticles and Creates Intracrystalline Nanochambers. Biochemistry 2015; 54:5348-55. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric P. Chang
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics,
Division of Basic Sciences and Center for Skeletal Biology, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - John Spencer Evans
- Laboratory for Chemical Physics,
Division of Basic Sciences and Center for Skeletal Biology, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, New York 10010, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Perovic I, Verch A, Chang EP, Rao A, Cölfen H, Kröger R, Evans JS. An Oligomeric C-RING Nacre Protein Influences Prenucleation Events and Organizes Mineral Nanoparticles. Biochemistry 2014; 53:7259-68. [DOI: 10.1021/bi5008854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Perovic
- Laboratory for
Chemical Physics,
Division of Basic Sciences, and Center for Skeletal Biology, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Andreas Verch
- Department
of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K
| | - Eric P. Chang
- Laboratory for
Chemical Physics,
Division of Basic Sciences, and Center for Skeletal Biology, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Ashit Rao
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, Universitätstrasse
10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Universität Konstanz, Universitätstrasse
10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Roland Kröger
- Department
of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K
| | - John Spencer Evans
- Laboratory for
Chemical Physics,
Division of Basic Sciences, and Center for Skeletal Biology, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, New York 10010, United States
| |
Collapse
|