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Catalán-Castorena O, Garibay-Cerdenares OL, Illades-Aguiar B, Castillo-Sánchez R, Zubillaga-Guerrero MI, Leyva-Vazquez MA, Encarnacion-Guevara S, Flores-Alfaro E, Ramirez-Ruano M, del Carmen Alarcón-Romero L. Bioinformatics Analysis of Human Papillomavirus 16 Integration in Cervical Cancer: Changes in MAGI-1 Expression in Premalignant Lesions and Invasive Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2225. [PMID: 38927930 PMCID: PMC11202195 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
HPV 16 integration is crucial for the onset and progression of premalignant lesions to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (ISCC) because it promotes the amplification of proto-oncogenes and the silencing of tumor suppressor genes; some of these are proteins with PDZ domains involved in homeostasis and cell polarity. Through a bioinformatics approach based on interaction networks, a group of proteins associated with HPV 16 infection, PDZ domains, and direct physical interaction with E6 and related to different hallmarks of cancer were identified. MAGI-1 was selected to evaluate the expression profile and subcellular localization changes in premalignant lesions and ISCC with HPV 16 in an integrated state in cervical cytology; the profile expression of MAGI-1 diminished according to lesion grade. Surprisingly, in cell lines CaSki and SiHa, the protein localization was cytoplasmic and nuclear. In contrast, in histological samples, a change in subcellular localization from the cytoplasm in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) to the nucleus in the high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was observed; in in situ carcinomas and ISCC, MAGI-1 expression was absent. In conclusion, MAGI-1 expression could be a potential biomarker for distinguishing those cells with normal morphology but with HPV 16 integrated from those showing morphology-related uterine cervical lesions associated with tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Catalán-Castorena
- Cytopathology and Histochemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39070, Guerrero, Mexico; (O.C.-C.); (M.I.Z.-G.)
| | - Olga Lilia Garibay-Cerdenares
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39070, Guerrero, Mexico; (B.I.-A.); (M.A.L.-V.)
- CONAHCyT-Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39070, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39070, Guerrero, Mexico; (B.I.-A.); (M.A.L.-V.)
| | - Rocio Castillo-Sánchez
- Cell Biology Department, CINVESTAV-IPN Research Institute, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico;
| | - Ma. Isabel Zubillaga-Guerrero
- Cytopathology and Histochemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39070, Guerrero, Mexico; (O.C.-C.); (M.I.Z.-G.)
| | - Marco Antonio Leyva-Vazquez
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39070, Guerrero, Mexico; (B.I.-A.); (M.A.L.-V.)
| | - Sergio Encarnacion-Guevara
- Center for Genomic Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39070, Guerrero, Mexico;
| | - Mónica Ramirez-Ruano
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39070, Guerrero, Mexico;
| | - Luz del Carmen Alarcón-Romero
- Cytopathology and Histochemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo 39070, Guerrero, Mexico; (O.C.-C.); (M.I.Z.-G.)
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2
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Araujo-Arcos LE, Montaño S, Bello-Rios C, Garibay-Cerdenares OL, Leyva-Vázquez MA, Illades-Aguiar B. Molecular insights into the interaction of HPV-16 E6 variants against MAGI-1 PDZ1 domain. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1898. [PMID: 35115618 PMCID: PMC8814009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05995-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic protein E6 from Human Papilloma Virus 16 (HPV-16) mediates the degradation of Membrane-associated guanylate kinase with inverted domain structure-1 (MAGI-1), throughout the interaction of its protein binding motif (PBM) with the Discs-large homologous regions 1 (PDZ1) domain of MAG1-1. Generic variation in the E6 gene that translates to changes in the protein’s amino acidic sequence modifies the interaction of E6 with the cellular protein MAGI-1. MAGI-1 is a scaffolding protein found at tight junctions of epithelial cells, where it interacts with a variety of proteins regulating signaling pathways. MAGI-1 is a multidomain protein containing two WW (rsp-domain-9), one guanylate kinase-like, and six PDZ domains. PDZ domains played an important role in the function of MAGI-1 and served as targets for several viral proteins including the HPV-16 E6. The aim of this work was to evaluate, with an in silico approach, employing molecular dynamics simulation and protein–protein docking, the interaction of the intragenic variants E-G350 (L83V), E-C188/G350 (E29Q/L83V), E-A176/G350 (D25N/L83V), E6-AAa (Q14H/H78Y/83V) y E6-AAc (Q14H/I27RH78Y/L83V) and E6-reference of HPV-16 with MAGI-1. We found that variants E-G350, E-C188/G350, E-A176/G350, AAa and AAc increase their affinity to our two models of MAGI-1 compared to E6-reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Esmeralda Araujo-Arcos
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autonóma de Guerrero, 39090, Chilpancingo, CP, México
| | - Sarita Montaño
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, 80030, Culiacán Sinaloa, CP, México.
| | - Ciresthel Bello-Rios
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autonóma de Guerrero, 39090, Chilpancingo, CP, México
| | - Olga Lilia Garibay-Cerdenares
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autonóma de Guerrero, 39090, Chilpancingo, CP, México.,CONACyT-Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, 39087, Chilpancingo, CP, México
| | - Marco Antonio Leyva-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autonóma de Guerrero, 39090, Chilpancingo, CP, México
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autonóma de Guerrero, 39090, Chilpancingo, CP, México.
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3
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Theisen FF, Staby L, Tidemand FG, O'Shea C, Prestel A, Willemoës M, Kragelund BB, Skriver K. Quantification of Conformational Entropy Unravels Effect of Disordered Flanking Region in Coupled Folding and Binding. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14540-14550. [PMID: 34473923 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic disorder (ID) constitutes a new dimension to the protein structure-function relationship. The ability to undergo conformational changes upon binding is a key property of intrinsically disordered proteins and remains challenging to study using conventional methods. A 1994 paper by R. S. Spolar and M. T. Record presented a thermodynamic approach for estimating changes in conformational entropy based on heat capacity changes, allowing quantification of residues folding upon binding. Here, we adapt the method for studies of intrinsically disordered proteins. We integrate additional data to provide a broader experimental foundation for the underlying relations and, based on >500 protein-protein complexes involving disordered proteins, reassess a key relation between polar and nonpolar surface area changes, previously determined using globular protein folding. We demonstrate the improved suitability of the adapted method to studies of the folded αα-hub domain RST from radical-induced cell death 1, whose interactome is characterized by ID. From extensive thermodynamic data, quantifying the conformational entropy changes upon binding, and comparison to the NMR structure, the adapted method improves accuracy for ID-based studies. Furthermore, we apply the method, in conjunction with NMR, to reveal hitherto undetected effects of interaction-motif context. Thus, inclusion of the disordered context of the DREB2A RST-binding motif induces structuring of the binding motif, resulting in major enthalpy-entropy compensation in the interaction interface. This study, also evaluating additional interactions, demonstrates the strength of the ID-adapted Spolar-Record thermodynamic approach for dissection of structural features of ID-based interactions, easily overlooked in traditional studies, and for translation of these into mechanistic knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frederik Grønbæk Tidemand
- Structural Biophysics, X-ray and Neutron Science, The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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4
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Bernacchi S, Ennifar E. Analysis of the HIV-1 Genomic RNA Dimerization Initiation Site Binding to Aminoglycoside Antibiotics Using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2113:237-250. [PMID: 32006318 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0278-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) provides a sensitive, powerful, and accurate tool to suitably analyze the thermodynamic of RNA binding events. This approach does not require any modification or labeling of the system under analysis and is performed in solution. ITC is a very convenient technique that provides an accurate determination of binding parameters, as well as a complete thermodynamic profile of the molecular interactions. Here we show how this approach can be used to characterize the interactions between the dimerization initiation site (DIS) RNA localized within the HIV-1 viral genome and aminoglycoside antibiotics. Our ITC study showed that the 4,5-disubstituted 2-desoxystreptamine (2-DOS) aminoglycosides can bind the DIS with a nanomolar affinity and a high specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bernacchi
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN - CNRS UPR 9002, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Eric Ennifar
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN - CNRS UPR 9002, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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5
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Structural Insights in Multifunctional Papillomavirus Oncoproteins. Viruses 2018; 10:v10010037. [PMID: 29342959 PMCID: PMC5795450 DOI: 10.3390/v10010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery in the mid-eighties, the main papillomavirus oncoproteins E6 and E7 have been recalcitrant to high-resolution structure analysis. However, in the last decade a wealth of three-dimensional information has been gained on both proteins whether free or complexed to host target proteins. Here, we first summarize the diverse activities of these small multifunctional oncoproteins. Next, we review the available structural data and the new insights they provide about the evolution of E6 and E7, their multiple interactions and their functional variability across human papillomavirus (HPV) species.
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6
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Mendes LFS, Basso LGM, Kumagai PS, Fonseca-Maldonado R, Costa-Filho AJ. Disorder-to-order transitions in the molten globule-like Golgi Reassembly and Stacking Protein. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:855-865. [PMID: 29339081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Golgi Reassembly and Stacking Proteins (GRASPs) are widely spread among eukaryotic cells (except plants) and are considered as key components in both the stacking of the Golgi cisternae and its lateral connection. Furthermore, GRASPs were also proved essential in the unconventional secretion pathway of several proteins, even though the mechanism remains obscure. It was previously observed that the GRASP homologue in Cryptococcus neoformans has a molten globule-like behavior in solution. METHODS We used circular dichroism, synchrotron radiation circular dichroism and steady-state as well as time-resolved fluorescence. RESULTS We report the disorder-to-order transition propensities for a native molten globule-like protein in the presence of different mimetics of cell conditions. Changes in the dielectric constant (such as those experienced close to the membrane surface) seem to be the major factor in inducing multiple disorder-to-order transitions in GRASP, which shows very distinct behavior when in conditions that mimic the vicinity of the membrane surface as compared to those found when free in solution. Other folding factors such as molecular crowding, counter ions, pH and phosphorylation exhibit lower or no effect on GRASP secondary structure and/or stability. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study focusing on understanding the disorder-to-order transitions of a molten globule structure without the need of any mild denaturing condition. A model is also introduced aiming at describing how the cell could manipulate the GRASP sensitivity to changes in the dielectric constant during different cell-cycle periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís F S Mendes
- Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis G M Basso
- Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia S Kumagai
- Grupo de Biofísica Molecular "Sérgio Mascarenhas", Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel Fonseca-Maldonado
- Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Instituto Federal de São Paulo, Campus Jacareí, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio J Costa-Filho
- Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Gógl G, Biri-Kovács B, Póti ÁL, Vadászi H, Szeder B, Bodor A, Schlosser G, Ács A, Turiák L, Buday L, Alexa A, Nyitray L, Reményi A. Dynamic control of RSK complexes by phosphoswitch-based regulation. FEBS J 2017; 285:46-71. [PMID: 29083550 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Assembly and disassembly of protein-protein complexes needs to be dynamically controlled and phosphoswitches based on linear motifs are crucial in this process. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) recognizes a linear-binding motif at the C-terminal tail (CTT) of ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (RSK1), leading to phosphorylation and subsequent activation of RSK1. The CTT also contains a classical PDZ domain-binding motif which binds RSK substrates (e.g. MAGI-1). We show that autophosphorylation of the disordered CTT promotes the formation of an intramolecular charge clamp, which efficiently masks critical residues and indirectly hinders ERK binding. Thus, RSK1 CTT operates as an autoregulated phosphoswitch: its phosphorylation at specific sites affects its protein-binding capacity and its conformational dynamics. These biochemical feedbacks, which form the structural basis for the rapid dissociation of ERK2-RSK1 and RSK1-PDZ substrate complexes under sustained epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation, were structurally characterized and validated in living cells. Overall, conformational changes induced by phosphorylation in disordered regions of protein kinases, coupled to allosteric events occurring in the kinase domain cores, may provide mechanisms that contribute to the emergence of complex signaling activities. In addition, we show that phosphoswitches based on linear motifs can be functionally classified as ON and OFF protein-protein interaction switches or dimmers, depending on the specific positioning of phosphorylation target sites in relation to functional linear-binding motifs. Moreover, interaction of phosphorylated residues with positively charged residues in disordered regions is likely to be a common mechanism of phosphoregulation. DATABASE Structural data are available in the PDB database under the accession numbers 5N7D, 5N7F and 5N7G. NMR spectral assignation data are available in the BMRB database under the accession numbers 27213 and 27214.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Gógl
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Biri-Kovács
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám L Póti
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Henrietta Vadászi
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Szeder
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Bodor
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Ács
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Turiák
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Buday
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Alexa
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Nyitray
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Reményi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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8
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Cote Y, Nominé Y, Ramirez J, Hellwig P, Stote RH. Peptide-Protein Binding Investigated by Far-IR Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Biophys J 2017. [PMID: 28636914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and far-infrared (far-IR) spectroscopy were combined to study peptide binding by the second PDZ domain (PDZ1) of MAGI1, which has been identified as an important target for the Human Papilloma Virus. PDZ1 recognizes and binds to the C-terminal end of the E6 protein from high-risk Human Papilloma Virus. The far-IR spectra of two forms of the protein, an unbound APO form and a HOLO form (where the PDZ1 is bound to an 11-residue peptide derived from the C terminus of HPV16 E6), were obtained. MD simulations were used to determine the most representative structure of each form and these were used to compute their respective IR spectra by normal mode analysis. Far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to confirm the secondary structure content and the stability through temperature-dependent studies. Both the experimental and calculated far-IR spectra showed a red shift of the low-frequency peaks upon peptide binding. The calculations show that this is coincident with an increased number of hydrogen bonds formed as the peptide augments the protein β-sheet. We further identified the contribution of surface-bound water molecules to bands in the far-IR and, through the calculations, identified potential pathways for allosteric communication. Together, these results demonstrate the utility of combining far-IR experiments and MD studies to study peptide binding by proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Cote
- Department of Integrative Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U964 UMR 7104 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Yves Nominé
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Department of Integrative Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U964 UMR 7104 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Juan Ramirez
- Equipe Oncoprotéines, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Petra Hellwig
- Laboratoire de Bioélectrochimie et Spectroscopie, UMR 7140, Chimie de la Matière Complexe, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Roland H Stote
- Department of Integrative Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U964 UMR 7104 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
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9
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Marques Netto CGC, da Silva DG, Toma SH, Andrade LH, Nakamura M, Araki K, Toma HE. Bovine glutamate dehydrogenase immobilization on magnetic nanoparticles: conformational changes and catalysis. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24637g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was immobilized on different supports and systematically investigated in order to provide a better understanding of the immobilization effects on the catalysis of multimeric enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Delmárcio G. da Silva
- Supramolecular NanotechLab
- Instituto de Quimica
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Paulo-SP
- Brazil
| | - Sergio H. Toma
- Supramolecular NanotechLab
- Instituto de Quimica
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Paulo-SP
- Brazil
| | - Leandro H. Andrade
- Laboratory of Fine Chemistry and Biocatalysis
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Paulo-SP
- Brazil
| | - Marcelo Nakamura
- Supramolecular NanotechLab
- Instituto de Quimica
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Paulo-SP
- Brazil
| | - Koiti Araki
- Supramolecular NanotechLab
- Instituto de Quimica
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Paulo-SP
- Brazil
| | - Henrique E. Toma
- Supramolecular NanotechLab
- Instituto de Quimica
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Paulo-SP
- Brazil
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