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Magalon A. History of Maturation of Prokaryotic Molybdoenzymes-A Personal View. Molecules 2023; 28:7195. [PMID: 37894674 PMCID: PMC10609526 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In prokaryotes, the role of Mo/W enzymes in physiology and bioenergetics is widely recognized. It is worth noting that the most diverse family of Mo/W enzymes is exclusive to prokaryotes, with the probable existence of several of them from the earliest forms of life on Earth. The structural organization of these enzymes, which often include additional redox centers, is as diverse as ever, as is their cellular localization. The most notable observation is the involvement of dedicated chaperones assisting with the assembly and acquisition of the metal centers, including Mo/W-bisPGD, one of the largest organic cofactors in nature. This review seeks to provide a new understanding and a unified model of Mo/W enzyme maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Magalon
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne (UMR7283), IMM, IM2B, 13402 Marseille, France
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Bageshwar UK, DattaGupta A, Musser SM. Influence of the TorD signal peptide chaperone on Tat-dependent protein translocation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256715. [PMID: 34499687 PMCID: PMC8428690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway transports folded proteins across energetic membranes. Numerous Tat substrates contain co-factors that are inserted before transport with the assistance of redox enzyme maturation proteins (REMPs), which bind to the signal peptide of precursor proteins. How signal peptides are transferred from a REMP to a binding site on the Tat receptor complex remains unknown. Since the signal peptide mediates both interactions, possibilities include: i) a coordinated hand-off mechanism; or ii) a diffusional search after REMP dissociation. We investigated the binding interaction between substrates containing the TorA signal peptide (spTorA) and its cognate REMP, TorD, and the effect of TorD on the in vitro transport of such substrates. We found that Escherichia coli TorD is predominantly a monomer at low micromolar concentrations (dimerization KD > 50 μM), and this monomer binds reversibly to spTorA (KD ≈ 1 μM). While TorD binds to membranes (KD ≈ 100 nM), it has no apparent affinity for Tat translocons and it inhibits binding of a precursor substrate to the membrane. TorD has a minimal effect on substrate transport by the Tat system, being mildly inhibitory at high concentrations. These data are consistent with a model in which the REMP-bound signal peptide is shielded from recognition by the Tat translocon, and spontaneous dissociation of the REMP allows the substrate to engage the Tat machinery. Thus, the REMP does not assist with targeting to the Tat translocon, but rather temporarily shields the signal peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh K. Bageshwar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, The Texas A&M Health Science Center, TX, United States of America
| | - Antara DattaGupta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, The Texas A&M Health Science Center, TX, United States of America
| | - Siegfried M. Musser
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College of Medicine, The Texas A&M Health Science Center, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ouyang M, Li X, Zhang J, Feng P, Pu H, Kong L, Bai Z, Rong L, Xu X, Chi W, Wang Q, Chen F, Lu C, Shen J, Zhang L. Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition Drives Intra-chloroplast Cargo Sorting. Cell 2020; 180:1144-1159.e20. [PMID: 32169217 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, organelle biogenesis is pivotal for cellular function and cell survival. Chloroplasts are unique organelles with a complex internal membrane network. The mechanisms of the migration of imported nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins across the crowded stroma to thylakoid membranes are less understood. Here, we identified two Arabidopsis ankyrin-repeat proteins, STT1 and STT2, that specifically mediate sorting of chloroplast twin arginine translocation (cpTat) pathway proteins to thylakoid membranes. STT1 and STT2 form a unique hetero-dimer through interaction of their C-terminal ankyrin domains. Binding of cpTat substrate by N-terminal intrinsically disordered regions of STT complex induces liquid-liquid phase separation. The multivalent nature of STT oligomer is critical for phase separation. STT-Hcf106 interactions reverse phase separation and facilitate cargo targeting and translocation across thylakoid membranes. Thus, the formation of phase-separated droplets emerges as a novel mechanism of intra-chloroplast cargo sorting. Our findings highlight a conserved mechanism of phase separation in regulating organelle biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ouyang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peiqiang Feng
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hua Pu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lingxi Kong
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zechen Bai
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Rong
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Wei Chi
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Congming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jianren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng 475001, China.
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Connelly KRS, Stevenson C, Kneuper H, Sargent F. Biosynthesis of selenate reductase in Salmonella enterica: critical roles for the signal peptide and DmsD. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2016; 162:2136-2146. [PMID: 27902441 PMCID: PMC5203670 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a Gram-negative bacterium with a flexible respiratory capability. Under anaerobic conditions, S. enterica can utilize a range of terminal electron acceptors, including selenate, to sustain respiratory electron transport. The S. enterica selenate reductase is a membrane-bound enzyme encoded by the ynfEFGH-dmsD operon. The active enzyme is predicted to comprise at least three subunits where YnfE is a molybdenum-containing catalytic subunit. The YnfE protein is synthesized with an N-terminal twin-arginine signal peptide and biosynthesis of the enzyme is coordinated by a signal peptide binding chaperone called DmsD. In this work, the interaction between S. enterica DmsD and the YnfE signal peptide has been studied by chemical crosslinking. These experiments were complemented by genetic approaches, which identified the DmsD binding epitope within the YnfE signal peptide. YnfE signal peptide residues L24 and A28 were shown to be important for assembly of an active selenate reductase. Conversely, a random genetic screen identified the DmsD V16 residue as being important for signal peptide recognition and selenate reductase assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Calum Stevenson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Holger Kneuper
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Frank Sargent
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
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Cherak SJ, Turner RJ. Influence of GTP on system specific chaperone - Twin arginine signal peptide interaction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 465:753-7. [PMID: 26299930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many bacterial respiratory redox enzymes depend on the twin-arginine translocase (Tat) system for translocation and membrane insertion. Tat substrates contain an N-terminal twin-arginine (SRRxFLK) motif serving as the targeting signal towards the translocon. Many Tat substrates have a system specific chaperone - redox enzyme maturation protein (REMP) - for final folding and assembly prior to Tat binding. The REMP DmsD strongly interacts with the twin-arginine motif of the DmsA signal sequence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) reductase. In this study, we have utilized the in vitro protein-protein interaction technique of an affinity pull down assay, as well as protein thermal stability measurement via differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) to investigate the interaction of guanosine nucleotides (GNPs) with DmsD. Here we have shown highly cooperative binding of DmsD with GTP. A dissociative ligand-binding style isotherm was generated upon GTP titration into the DmsD:DmsAL interaction, yielding sigmoidal release of DmsD with a Hill coefficient of 2.09 and a dissociation constant of 0.99 mM. DSF further illustrated the change in thermal stability upon DmsD interaction with DmsAL and GTP. These results imply the possibility of DmsD detection and binding of GTP during the DMSO protein maturation mechanism, from ribosomal translation to membrane targeting and final assembly. Conceivably, GTP is shown to act as a molecular regulator in the biochemical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephana J Cherak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Raymond J Turner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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