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Zhang J, Pandey M, Awe A, Lue N, Kittock C, Fikse E, Degner K, Staples J, Mokhasi N, Chen W, Yang Y, Adikaram P, Jacob N, Greenfest-Allen E, Thomas R, Bomeny L, Zhang Y, Petros TJ, Wang X, Li Y, Simonds WF. The association of GNB5 with Alzheimer disease revealed by genomic analysis restricted to variants impacting gene function. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:473-486. [PMID: 38354736 PMCID: PMC10940018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Disease-associated variants identified from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) frequently map to non-coding areas of the genome such as introns and intergenic regions. An exclusive reliance on gene-agnostic methods of genomic investigation could limit the identification of relevant genes associated with polygenic diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD). To overcome such potential restriction, we developed a gene-constrained analytical method that considers only moderate- and high-risk variants that affect gene coding sequences. We report here the application of this approach to publicly available datasets containing 181,388 individuals without and with AD and the resulting identification of 660 genes potentially linked to the higher AD prevalence among Africans/African Americans. By integration with transcriptome analysis of 23 brain regions from 2,728 AD case-control samples, we concentrated on nine genes that potentially enhance the risk of AD: AACS, GNB5, GNS, HIPK3, MED13, SHC2, SLC22A5, VPS35, and ZNF398. GNB5, the fifth member of the heterotrimeric G protein beta family encoding Gβ5, is primarily expressed in neurons and is essential for normal neuronal development in mouse brain. Homozygous or compound heterozygous loss of function of GNB5 in humans has previously been associated with a syndrome of developmental delay, cognitive impairment, and cardiac arrhythmia. In validation experiments, we confirmed that Gnb5 heterozygosity enhanced the formation of both amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of AD model mice. These results suggest that gene-constrained analysis can complement the power of GWASs in the identification of AD-associated genes and may be more broadly applicable to other polygenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Mritunjay Pandey
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adam Awe
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicole Lue
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Claire Kittock
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emma Fikse
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katherine Degner
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jenna Staples
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Neha Mokhasi
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Weiping Chen
- Genomic Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bldg. 8/Rm 1A11, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yanqin Yang
- Laboratory of Transplantation Genomics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bldg. 10/Rm 7S261, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Poorni Adikaram
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nirmal Jacob
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emily Greenfest-Allen
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rachel Thomas
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laura Bomeny
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Unit on Cellular and Molecular Neurodevelopment, Bldg. 35/Rm 3B 1002, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Timothy J Petros
- Unit on Cellular and Molecular Neurodevelopment, Bldg. 35/Rm 3B 1002, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Partek Incorporated, 12747 Olive Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63141, USA
| | - Yulong Li
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William F Simonds
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Pritchard AB, Kanai SM, Krock B, Schindewolf E, Oliver-Krasinski J, Khalek N, Okashah N, Lambert NA, Tavares ALP, Zackai E, Clouthier DE. Loss-of-function of Endothelin receptor type A results in Oro-Oto-Cardiac syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1104-1116. [PMID: 32133772 PMCID: PMC7202054 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial morphogenesis is regulated in part by signaling from the Endothelin receptor type A (EDNRA). Pathogenic variants in EDNRA signaling pathway components EDNRA, GNAI3, PCLB4, and EDN1 cause Mandibulofacial Dysostosis with Alopecia (MFDA), Auriculocondylar syndrome (ARCND) 1, 2, and 3, respectively. However, cardiovascular development is normal in MFDA and ARCND individuals, unlike Ednra knockout mice. One explanation may be that partial EDNRA signaling remains in MFDA and ARCND, as mice with reduced, but not absent, EDNRA signaling also lack a cardiovascular phenotype. Here we report an individual with craniofacial and cardiovascular malformations mimicking the Ednra -/- mouse phenotype, including a distinctive micrognathia with microstomia and a hypoplastic aortic arch. Exome sequencing found a novel homozygous missense variant in EDNRA (c.1142A>C; p.Q381P). Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays revealed that this amino acid substitution in helix 8 of EDNRA prevents recruitment of G proteins to the receptor, abrogating subsequent receptor activation by its ligand, Endothelin-1. This homozygous variant is thus the first reported loss-of-function EDNRA allele, resulting in a syndrome we have named Oro-Oto-Cardiac Syndrome. Further, our results illustrate that EDNRA signaling is required for both normal human craniofacial and cardiovascular development, and that limited EDNRA signaling is likely retained in ARCND and MFDA individuals. This work illustrates a straightforward approach to identifying the functional consequence of novel genetic variants in signaling molecules associated with malformation syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Barone Pritchard
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stanley M Kanai
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Bryan Krock
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erica Schindewolf
- Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Nahla Khalek
- Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Najeah Okashah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nevin A Lambert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andre L P Tavares
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Elaine Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David E Clouthier
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Wang Q, Pronin AN, Levay K, Almaca J, Fornoni A, Caicedo A, Slepak VZ. Regulator of G-protein signaling Gβ5-R7 is a crucial activator of muscarinic M3 receptor-stimulated insulin secretion. FASEB J 2017; 31:4734-4744. [PMID: 28687610 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700197rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In pancreatic β cells, muscarinic cholinergic receptor M3 (M3R) stimulates glucose-induced secretion of insulin. Regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins are critical modulators of GPCR activity, yet their role in β cells remains largely unknown. R7 subfamily RGS proteins are stabilized by the G-protein subunit Gβ5, such that the knockout of the Gnb5 gene results in degradation of all R7 subunits. We found that Gnb5 knockout in mice or in the insulin-secreting MIN6 cell line almost completely eliminates insulinotropic activity of M3R. Moreover, overexpression of Gβ5-RGS7 strongly promotes M3R-stimulated insulin secretion. Examination of this noncanonical mechanism in Gnb5-/- MIN6 cells showed that cAMP, diacylglycerol, or Ca2+ levels were not significantly affected. There was no reduction in the amplitude of free Ca2+ responses in islets from the Gnb5-/- mice, but the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations induced by cholinergic agonist was lowered by more than 30%. Ablation of Gnb5 impaired M3R-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Stimulation of the ERK pathway in Gnb5-/- cells by epidermal growth factor restored M3R-stimulated insulin release to near normal levels. Identification of the novel role of Gβ5-R7 in insulin secretion may lead to a new therapeutic approach for improving pancreatic β-cell function.-Wang, Q., Pronin, A. N., Levay, K., Almaca, J., Fornoni, A., Caicedo, A., Slepak, V. Z. Regulator of G-protein signaling Gβ5-R7 is a crucial activator of muscarinic M3 receptor-stimulated insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; and
| | - Alexey N Pronin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; and
| | - Konstantin Levay
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; and
| | - Joana Almaca
- Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alejandro Caicedo
- Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Vladlen Z Slepak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; and
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Tayou J, Wang Q, Jang GF, Pronin AN, Orlandi C, Martemyanov KA, Crabb JW, Slepak VZ. Regulator of G Protein Signaling 7 (RGS7) Can Exist in a Homo-oligomeric Form That Is Regulated by Gαo and R7-binding Protein. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:9133-47. [PMID: 26895961 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.694075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
RGS (regulator of G protein signaling) proteins of the R7 subfamily (RGS6, -7, -9, and -11) are highly expressed in neurons where they regulate many physiological processes. R7 RGS proteins contain several distinct domains and form obligatory dimers with the atypical Gβ subunit, Gβ5 They also interact with other proteins such as R7-binding protein, R9-anchoring protein, and the orphan receptors GPR158 and GPR179. These interactions facilitate plasma membrane targeting and stability of R7 proteins and modulate their activity. Here, we investigated RGS7 complexes using in situ chemical cross-linking. We found that in mouse brain and transfected cells cross-linking causes formation of distinct RGS7 complexes. One of the products had the apparent molecular mass of ∼150 kDa on SDS-PAGE and did not contain Gβ5 Mass spectrometry analysis showed no other proteins to be present within the 150-kDa complex in the amount close to stoichiometric with RGS7. This finding suggested that RGS7 could form a homo-oligomer. Indeed, co-immunoprecipitation of differentially tagged RGS7 constructs, with or without chemical cross-linking, demonstrated RGS7 self-association. RGS7-RGS7 interaction required the DEP domain but not the RGS and DHEX domains or the Gβ5 subunit. Using transfected cells and knock-out mice, we demonstrated that R7-binding protein had a strong inhibitory effect on homo-oligomerization of RGS7. In contrast, our data indicated that GPR158 could bind to the RGS7 homo-oligomer without causing its dissociation. Co-expression of constitutively active Gαo prevented the RGS7-RGS7 interaction. These results reveal the existence of RGS protein homo-oligomers and show regulation of their assembly by R7 RGS-binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junior Tayou
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Qiang Wang
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Geeng-Fu Jang
- the Cole Eye Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, and
| | - Alexey N Pronin
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Cesare Orlandi
- the Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Kirill A Martemyanov
- the Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - John W Crabb
- the Cole Eye Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, and
| | - Vladlen Z Slepak
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136,
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Orlandi C, Xie K, Masuho I, Fajardo-Serrano A, Lujan R, Martemyanov KA. Orphan Receptor GPR158 Is an Allosteric Modulator of RGS7 Catalytic Activity with an Essential Role in Dictating Its Expression and Localization in the Brain. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13622-39. [PMID: 25792749 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.645374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulators of G protein signaling control the duration and extent of signaling via G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pathways by accelerating the GTP hydrolysis on G protein α subunits thereby promoting termination of GPCR signaling. A member of this family, RGS7, plays a critical role in the nervous system where it regulates multiple neurotransmitter GPCRs that mediate vision, memory, and the action of addictive drugs. Previous studies have established that in vivo RGS7 forms mutually exclusive complexes with the membrane protein RGS7-binding protein or the orphan receptor GPR158. In this study, we examine the impact of GPR158 on RGS7 in the brain. We report that knock-out of GPR158 in mice results in marked post-transcriptional destabilization of RGS7 and substantial loss of its association with membranes in several brain regions. We further identified the RGS7-binding site in the C terminus of GPR158 and found that it shares significant homology with the RGS7-binding protein. The proximal portion of the GPR158 C terminus additionally contained a conserved sequence that was capable of enhancing RGS7 GTPase-activating protein activity in solution by an allosteric mechanism acting in conjunction with the regulators of the G protein signaling-binding domain. The distal portion of the GPR158 C terminus contained several phosphodiesterase E γ-like motifs and selectively recruited G proteins in their activated state. The results of this study establish GPR158 as an essential regulator of RGS7 in the native nervous system with a critical role in controlling its expression, membrane localization, and catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Orlandi
- From the Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458 and
| | - Keqiang Xie
- From the Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458 and
| | - Ikuo Masuho
- From the Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458 and
| | - Ana Fajardo-Serrano
- the Instituto de Investigación en Descapacidades Neuronales (IDINE), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Rafael Lujan
- the Instituto de Investigación en Descapacidades Neuronales (IDINE), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Kirill A Martemyanov
- From the Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458 and
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