1
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Baindara P, Mandal SM. Plant-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides: Novel Preservatives for the Food Industry. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162415. [PMID: 36010415 PMCID: PMC9407122 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Food spoilage is a widespread issue brought on by the undesired growth of microbes in food products. Thousands of tons of usable food or food products are wasted every day due to rotting in different parts of the world. Several food preservation techniques are employed to prevent food from rotting, including the use of natural or manufactured chemicals or substances; however, the issue persists. One strategy for halting food deterioration is the use of plant-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which have been investigated for possible bioactivities against a range of human, plant, and food pathogens. The food industry may be able to benefit from the development of synthetic AMPs, produced from plants that have higher bioactivity, better stability, and decreased cytotoxicity as a means of food preservation. In order to exploit plant-derived AMPs in various food preservation techniques, in this review, we also outline the difficulties in developing AMPs for use as commercial food preservatives. Nevertheless, as technology advances, it will soon be possible to fully explore the promise of plant-derived AMPs as food preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Baindara
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Santi M. Mandal
- Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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2
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Moyer TB, Purvis AL, Wommack AJ, Hicks LM. Proteomic response of Escherichia coli to a membrane lytic and iron chelating truncated Amaranthus tricolor defensin. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:110. [PMID: 33845758 PMCID: PMC8042948 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant defensins are a broadly distributed family of antimicrobial peptides which have been primarily studied for agriculturally relevant antifungal activity. Recent studies have probed defensins against Gram-negative bacteria revealing evidence for multiple mechanisms of action including membrane lysis and ribosomal inhibition. Herein, a truncated synthetic analog containing the γ-core motif of Amaranthus tricolor DEF2 (Atr-DEF2) reveals Gram-negative antibacterial activity and its mechanism of action is probed via proteomics, outer membrane permeability studies, and iron reduction/chelation assays. RESULTS Atr-DEF2(G39-C54) demonstrated activity against two Gram-negative human bacterial pathogens, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Quantitative proteomics revealed changes in the E. coli proteome in response to treatment of sub-lethal concentrations of the truncated defensin, including bacterial outer membrane (OM) and iron acquisition/processing related proteins. Modification of OM charge is a common response of Gram-negative bacteria to membrane lytic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to reduce electrostatic interactions, and this mechanism of action was confirmed for Atr-DEF2(G39-C54) via an N-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine uptake assay. Additionally, in vitro assays confirmed the capacity of Atr-DEF2(G39-C54) to reduce Fe3+ and chelate Fe2+ at cell culture relevant concentrations, thus limiting the availability of essential enzymatic cofactors. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the utility of plant defensin γ-core motif synthetic analogs for characterization of novel defensin activity. Proteomic changes in E. coli after treatment with Atr-DEF2(G39-C54) supported the hypothesis that membrane lysis is an important component of γ-core motif mediated antibacterial activity but also emphasized that other properties, such as metal sequestration, may contribute to a multifaceted mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa B Moyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 South Rd. CB#3290, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Wommack
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Leslie M Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 South Rd. CB#3290, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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3
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Skalska J, Andrade VM, Cena GL, Harvey PJ, Gaspar D, Mello ÉO, Henriques ST, Valle J, Gomes VM, Conceição K, Castanho MARB, Andreu D. Synthesis, Structure, and Activity of the Antifungal Plant Defensin PvD 1. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9391-9402. [PMID: 32787086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Available treatments for invasive fungal infections have limitations, including toxicity and the emergence of resistant strains. Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternative solutions. Because of their unique mode of action and high selectivity, plant defensins (PDs) are worthy therapeutic candidates. Chemical synthesis remains a preferred method for the production of many peptide-based therapeutics. Given the relatively long sequence of PDs, as well as their complicated posttranslational modifications, the synthetic route can be considered challenging. Here, we describe a total synthesis of PvD1, the defensin from the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris. Analytical, structural, and functional characterization revealed that both natural and synthetic peptides fold into a canonical CSαβ motif stabilized by conserved disulfide bonds. Moreover, synthetic PvD1 retained the biological activity against four different Candida species and showed no toxicity in vivo. Adding the high resistance of synthetic PvD1 to proteolytic degradation, we claim that conditions are now met to consider PDs druggable biologicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Skalska
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vitor M Andrade
- Laboratório de Bioquı́mica de Peptı́deos, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 12231-280 São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle L Cena
- Laboratório de Bioquı́mica de Peptı́deos, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 12231-280 São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Peta J Harvey
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Diana Gaspar
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Érica O Mello
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquı́mica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologı́a, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sónia T Henriques
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation and Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Javier Valle
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valdirene M Gomes
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquı́mica de Microrganismos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologı́a, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Katia Conceição
- Laboratório de Bioquı́mica de Peptı́deos, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 12231-280 São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Miguel A R B Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David Andreu
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Parisi K, Poon S, Renda RF, Sahota G, English J, Yalpani N, Bleackley MR, Anderson MA, van der Weerden NL. Improving the Digestibility of Plant Defensins to Meet Regulatory Requirements for Transgene Products in Crop Protection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1227. [PMID: 32922418 PMCID: PMC7456892 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the use of chemical fungicides, fungal diseases have a major impact on the yield and quality of plant produce globally and hence there is a need for new approaches for disease control. Several groups have examined the potential use of antifungal plant defensins for plant protection and have produced transgenic plants expressing plant defensins with enhanced resistance to fungal disease. However, before they can be developed commercially, transgenic plants must pass a series of strict regulations to ensure that they are safe for human and animal consumption as well as the environment. One of the requirements is rapid digestion of the transgene protein in the gastrointestinal tract to minimize the risk of any potential allergic response. Here, we examine the digestibility of two plant defensins, NaD1 from Nicotiana alata and SBI6 from soybean, which have potent antifungal activity against major cereal pathogens. The native defensins were not digestible in simulated gastrointestinal fluid assays. Several modifications to the sequences enhanced the digestibility of the two small proteins without severely impacting their antifungal activity. However, these modified proteins did not accumulate as well as the native proteins when transiently expressed in planta, suggesting that the protease-resistant structure of plant defensins facilitates their stability in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Parisi
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon Poon
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Rosemary F. Renda
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Gurinder Sahota
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - James English
- Maxygen LLC, Sunnyvale, CA, United States
- Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Johnston, IA, United States
| | - Nasser Yalpani
- Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Johnston, IA, United States
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Mark R. Bleackley
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Marilyn A. Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole L. van der Weerden
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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5
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Plant Defensins from a Structural Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155307. [PMID: 32722628 PMCID: PMC7432377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant defensins form a family of proteins with a broad spectrum of protective activities against fungi, bacteria, and insects. Furthermore, some plant defensins have revealed anticancer activity. In general, plant defensins are non-toxic to plant and mammalian cells, and interest in using them for biotechnological and medicinal purposes is growing. Recent studies provided significant insights into the mechanisms of action of plant defensins. In this review, we focus on structural and dynamics aspects and discuss structure-dynamics-function relations of plant defensins.
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6
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Zuo C, Yan BJ, Zhu HY, Shi WW, Xi TK, Shi J, Fang GM. Robust synthesis of C-terminal cysteine-containing peptide acids through a peptide hydrazide-based strategy. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 17:5698-5702. [PMID: 31135013 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01114e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A new robust strategy was reported for the epimerization-free synthesis of C-terminal Cys-containing peptide acids through mercaptoethanol-mediated hydrolysis of peptide thioesters prepared in situ from peptide hydrazides. This simple-to-operate and highly efficient method avoids the use of derivatization reagents for resin modification, thus providing a practical avenue for the preparation of C-terminal Cys-containing peptide acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zuo
- School of Life Science, Institute of Health Science and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
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7
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Huang J, Wong KH, Tay SV, Serra A, Sze SK, Tam JP. Astratides: Insulin-Modulating, Insecticidal, and Antifungal Cysteine-Rich Peptides from Astragalus membranaceus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:194-204. [PMID: 30758201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus root, Huang Qi in Chinese, is a popular medicinal herb traditionally used to regulate blood glucose. Herein, the identification and characterization of two families of cysteine-rich peptides (CRPs), designated α- and β-astratides, from A. membranaceus roots are reported. Proteomic analysis showed that α-astratide aM1 and β-astratide bM1 belong to two distinct CRP families. The six-cysteine-containing and proline-rich α-astratide aM1 displayed high sequence identity to Pea Albumin 1 Subunit b (PA1b), while the eight-cysteine-containing β-astratide bM1 showed sequence similarity to plant defensins. An antifungal assay revealed that bM1 possessed potent antifungal activity. In contrast, aM1 showed a cytotoxic effect against insect Sf9 cells. More importantly, aM1 decreased insulin secretion in mouse pancreatic β cells, suggesting it could interfere in glucose homeostasis, which accounts for the adaptogenic property of A. membranaceus. Phylogenetic clustering analysis suggested that the proline-rich aM1 is a putative prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor and belongs to a novel subfamily of PA1b-like peptides, while bM1 belongs to a new subfamily of plant defensins. Together, the study reveals that astratides are multifunctional CRPs in plants, which expand the existing library of PA1b-like peptides and plant defensins and further our understanding of their roles in host-defense system and leads as peptidyl therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Huang
- School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637551
| | - Ka H Wong
- School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637551
| | - Stephanie V Tay
- School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637551
| | - Aida Serra
- School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637551
| | - Siu Kuan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637551
| | - James P Tam
- School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637551
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8
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A structural perspective of plant antimicrobial peptides. Biochem J 2018; 475:3359-3375. [PMID: 30413680 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Among the numerous strategies plants have developed to fend off enemy attack, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) stand out as one of the most prominent defensive barriers that grant direct and durable resistance against a wide range of pests and pathogens. These small proteins are characterized by a compact structure and an overall positive charge. AMPs have an ancient origin and widespread occurrence in the plant kingdom but show an unusually high degree of variation in their amino acid sequences. Interestingly, there is a strikingly conserved topology among the plant AMP families, suggesting that the defensive properties of these peptides are not determined by their primary sequences but rather by their tridimensional structure. To explore and expand this idea, we here discuss the role of AMPs for plant defense from a structural perspective. We show how specific structural properties, such as length, charge, hydrophobicity, polar angle and conformation, are essential for plant AMPs to act as a chemical shield that hinders enemy attack. Knowledge on the topology of these peptides is facilitating the isolation, classification and even structural redesign of AMPs, thus allowing scientists to develop new peptides with multiple agronomical and pharmacological potential.
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9
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NMR structure and conformational dynamics of AtPDFL2.1, a defensin-like peptide from Arabidopsis thaliana. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:1739-1747. [PMID: 27592418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant defensins constitute the innate immune response against pathogens such as fungi and bacteria. Typical plant defensins are small, basic peptides that possess a characteristic three-dimensional fold stabilized by three or four disulfide bridges. In addition to known defensin genes, the Arabidopsis genome comprises >300 defensin-like genes coding for small cysteine-rich peptides. One of such genes encodes for AtPDFL2.1, a putative antifungal peptide of 55 amino acids, with six cysteine residues in its primary sequence. To understand the functional role of AtPDFL2.1, we carried out antifungal activity assays and determined its high-resolution three-dimensional structure using multidimensional solution NMR spectroscopy. We found that AtPDFL2.1 displays a strong inhibitory effect against Fusarium graminearum (IC50≈4μM). This peptide folds in the canonical cysteine-stabilized αβ (CSαβ) motif, consisting of one α-helix and one triple-stranded antiparallel β-sheet stabilized by three disulfide bridges and a hydrophobic cluster of residues within its core where the α-helix packs tightly against the β-sheets. Nuclear spin relaxation measurements show that the structure of AtPDFL2.1 is essentially rigid, with the L3 loop located between β-strands 2 and 3 being more flexible and displaying conformational exchange. Interestingly, the dynamic features of loop L3 are conserved among defensins and are probably correlated to the antifungal and receptor binding activities.
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10
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Ermakova EA, Faizullin DA, Idiyatullin BZ, Khairutdinov BI, Mukhamedova LN, Tarasova NB, Toporkova YY, Osipova EV, Kovaleva V, Gogolev YV, Zuev YF, Nesmelova IV. Structure of Scots pine defensin 1 by spectroscopic methods and computational modeling. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 84:142-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Lelièvre D, Terrier VP, Delmas AF, Aucagne V. Native Chemical Ligation Strategy to Overcome Side Reactions during Fmoc-Based Synthesis of C-Terminal Cysteine-Containing Peptides. Org Lett 2016; 18:920-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Lelièvre
- Centre de Biophysique
Moléculaire,
CNRS UPR 4301, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Victor P. Terrier
- Centre de Biophysique
Moléculaire,
CNRS UPR 4301, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Agnès F. Delmas
- Centre de Biophysique
Moléculaire,
CNRS UPR 4301, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Vincent Aucagne
- Centre de Biophysique
Moléculaire,
CNRS UPR 4301, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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12
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Schmitt P, Rosa RD, Destoumieux-Garzón D. An intimate link between antimicrobial peptide sequence diversity and binding to essential components of bacterial membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1858:958-70. [PMID: 26498397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) are widespread in the living kingdom. They are key effectors of defense reactions and mediators of competitions between organisms. They are often cationic and amphiphilic, which favors their interactions with the anionic membranes of microorganisms. Several AMP families do not directly alter membrane integrity but rather target conserved components of the bacterial membranes in a process that provides them with potent and specific antimicrobial activities. Thus, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), lipoteichoic acids (LTA) and the peptidoglycan precursor Lipid II are targeted by a broad series of AMPs. Studying the functional diversity of immune effectors tells us about the essential residues involved in AMP mechanism of action. Marine invertebrates have been found to produce a remarkable diversity of AMPs. Molluscan defensins and crustacean anti-LPS factors (ALF) are diverse in terms of amino acid sequence and show contrasted phenotypes in terms of antimicrobial activity. Their activity is directed essentially against Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria due to their specific interactions with Lipid II or Lipid A, respectively. Through those interesting examples, we discuss here how sequence diversity generated throughout evolution informs us on residues required for essential molecular interaction at the bacterial membranes and subsequent antibacterial activity. Through the analysis of molecular variants having lost antibacterial activity or shaped novel functions, we also discuss the molecular bases of functional divergence in AMPs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Antimicrobial peptides edited by Karl Lohner and Kai Hilpert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Schmitt
- Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, 2373223 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Rafael D Rosa
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón
- CNRS, Ifremer, UPVD, Université de Montpellier. Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), UMR5244, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France.
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13
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Dias RDO, Franco OL. Cysteine-stabilized αβ defensins: From a common fold to antibacterial activity. Peptides 2015; 72:64-72. [PMID: 25929172 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) seem to be promising alternatives to common antibiotics, which are facing increasing bacterial resistance. Among them are the cysteine-stabilized αβ defensins. These peptides are small, with a length ranging from 34 to 54 amino acid residues, cysteine-rich and extremely stable, normally composed of an α-helix and three β-strands stabilized by three or four disulfide bonds and commonly found in several organisms. Moreover, animal and plant CSαβ defensins present different specificities, the first being mainly active against bacteria and the second against fungi. The role of the CSαβ-motif remains unknown, but a common antibacterial mechanism of action, based on the inhibition of the cell-wall formation, has already been observed in some fungal and invertebrate defensins. In this context, the present work aims to group the data about CSαβ defensins, highlighting their evolution, conservation, structural characteristics, antibacterial activity and biotechnological perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata de Oliveira Dias
- S-Inova, Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, 79117-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | - Octavio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova, Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, 79117-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, 70719-100 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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14
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Datta A, Ghosh A, Airoldi C, Sperandeo P, Mroue KH, Jiménez-Barbero J, Kundu P, Ramamoorthy A, Bhunia A. Antimicrobial Peptides: Insights into Membrane Permeabilization, Lipopolysaccharide Fragmentation and Application in Plant Disease Control. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11951. [PMID: 26144972 PMCID: PMC4491704 DOI: 10.1038/srep11951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent increase in multidrug resistance against bacterial infections has become a major concern to human health and global food security. Synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have recently received substantial attention as potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics because of their potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. These peptides have also been implicated in plant disease control for replacing conventional treatment methods that are polluting and hazardous to the environment and to human health. Here, we report de novo design and antimicrobial studies of VG16, a 16-residue active fragment of Dengue virus fusion peptide. Our results reveal that VG16KRKP, a non-toxic and non-hemolytic analogue of VG16, shows significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative E. coli and plant pathogens X. oryzae and X. campestris, as well as against human fungal pathogens C. albicans and C. grubii. VG16KRKP is also capable of inhibiting bacterial disease progression in plants. The solution-NMR structure of VG16KRKP in lipopolysaccharide features a folded conformation with a centrally located turn-type structure stabilized by aromatic-aromatic packing interactions with extended N- and C-termini. The de novo design of VG16KRKP provides valuable insights into the development of more potent antibacterial and antiendotoxic peptides for the treatment of human and plant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritreyee Datta
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), Kolkata 700 054, India
| | - Anirban Ghosh
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), Kolkata 700 054, India
| | - Cristina Airoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 2, 2016 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Sperandeo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 2, 2016 Milano, Italy
| | - Kamal H Mroue
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- 1] Infectious Diseases Program, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnologico de Bizkaia, Building 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain [2] IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Pallob Kundu
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), Kolkata 700 054, India
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
| | - Anirban Bhunia
- 1] Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), Kolkata 700 054, India [2] Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
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