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Bayrak A, Mohr F, Kolb K, Szpakowska M, Shevchenko E, Dicenta V, Rohlfing AK, Kudolo M, Pantsar T, Günther M, Kaczor AA, Poso A, Chevigné A, Pillaiyar T, Gawaz M, Laufer SA. Discovery and Development of First-in-Class ACKR3/CXCR7 Superagonists for Platelet Degranulation Modulation. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13365-13384. [PMID: 36150079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3), formerly known as CXC-chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7), has been postulated to regulate platelet function and thrombus formation. Herein, we report the discovery and development of first-in-class ACKR3 agonists, which demonstrated superagonistic properties with Emax values of up to 160% compared to the endogenous reference ligand CXCL12 in a β-arrestin recruitment assay. Initial in silico screening using an ACKR3 homology model identified two hits, C10 (EC50 19.1 μM) and C11 (EC50 = 11.4 μM). Based on these hits, extensive structure-activity relationship studies were conducted by synthesis and testing of derivatives. It resulted in the identification of the novel thiadiazolopyrimidinone-based compounds 26 (LN5972, EC50 = 3.4 μM) and 27 (LN6023, EC50 = 3.5 μM). These compounds are selective for ACKR3 versus CXCR4 and show metabolic stability. In a platelet degranulation assay, these agonists effectively reduced P-selectin expression by up to 97%, suggesting potential candidates for the treatment of platelet-mediated thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alp Bayrak
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Mohr
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kyra Kolb
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ekaterina Shevchenko
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Valerie Dicenta
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne-Katrin Rohlfing
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mark Kudolo
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tatu Pantsar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. BOX 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marcel Günther
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Agnieszka A Kaczor
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. BOX 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Antti Poso
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. BOX 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine VIII, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan A Laufer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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2
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Hopkins BE, Masuho I, Ren D, Iyamu ID, Lv W, Malik N, Martemyanov KA, Schiltz GE, Miller RJ. Effects of Small Molecule Ligands on ACKR3 Receptors. Mol Pharmacol 2022; 102:128-138. [PMID: 35809897 PMCID: PMC9393849 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines such as stromal derived factor 1 and their G protein coupled receptors are well-known regulators of the development and functions of numerous tissues. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) has two receptors: C-X-C chemokine motif receptor 4 (CXCR4) and atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3). ACKR3 has been described as an atypical “biased” receptor because it does not appear to signal through G proteins and, instead, signals solely through the β-arrestin pathway. In support of this conclusion, we have shown that ACKR3 is unable to signal through any of the known mammalian Gα isoforms and have generated a comprehensive map of the Gα activation by CXCL12/CXCR4. We also synthesized a series of small molecule ligands which acted as selective agonists for ACKR3 as assessed by their ability to recruit β-arrestin to the receptor. Using select point mutations, we studied the molecular characteristics that determine the ability of small molecules to activate ACKR3 receptors, revealing a key role for the deeper binding pocket composed of residues in the transmembrane domains of ACKR3. The development of more selective ACKR3 ligands should allow us to better appreciate the unique roles of ACKR3 in the CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3-signaling axis and better understand the structural determinants for ACKR3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ikuo Masuho
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, United States
| | - Dongjun Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, United States
| | - Iredia D Iyamu
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, United States
| | - Wei Lv
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, United States
| | - Neha Malik
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, United States
| | | | - Gary E Schiltz
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, United States
| | - Richard J Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, United States
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3
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A Scintillation Proximity Assay for Real-Time Kinetic Analysis of Chemokine–Chemokine Receptor Interactions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081317. [PMID: 35455996 PMCID: PMC9024993 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are extensively involved in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes, making them attractive drug targets. However, despite considerable efforts, there are very few approved drugs targeting this class of seven transmembrane domain receptors to date. In recent years, the importance of including binding kinetics in drug discovery campaigns was emphasized. Therefore, kinetic insight into chemokine–chemokine receptor interactions could help to address this issue. Moreover, it could additionally deepen our understanding of the selectivity and promiscuity of the chemokine–chemokine receptor network. Here, we describe the application, optimization and validation of a homogenous Scintillation Proximity Assay (SPA) for real-time kinetic profiling of chemokine–chemokine receptor interactions on the example of ACKR3 and CXCL12. The principle of the SPA is the detection of radioligand binding to receptors reconstituted into nanodiscs by scintillation light. No receptor modifications are required. The nanodiscs provide a native-like environment for receptors and allow for full control over bilayer composition and size. The continuous assay format enables the monitoring of binding reactions in real-time, and directly accounts for non-specific binding and potential artefacts. Minor adaptations additionally facilitate the determination of equilibrium binding metrics, making the assay a versatile tool for the study of receptor–ligand interactions.
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4
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Kline JM, Heusinkveld LE, Taranto E, Martin CB, Tomasi AG, Hsu IJ, Cho K, Khillan JS, Murphy PM, Pontejo SM. Structural and functional analysis of Ccr1l1, a Rodentia-restricted eosinophil-selective chemokine receptor homologue. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100373. [PMID: 33548230 PMCID: PMC7949164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse Ccr1l1 (Ccr1-like 1) encodes an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with the highest homology to the inflammatory and highly promiscuous chemokine receptors Ccr1 and Ccr3 (70 and 50% amino acid identity, respectively). Ccr1l1 was first cloned in 1995, yet current knowledge of this putative chemokine receptor is limited to its gene organization and chromosomal localization. Here we report that Ccr1l1 is a Rodentia-specific gene selectively expressed in eosinophils. However, eosinophil phenotypes, development, and responsiveness to chemokines were all normal in naïve Ccr1l1 knockout mice. We demonstrate for the first time that recombinant Ccr1l1 is expressed on the plasma membrane of transfected cells and contains an extracellular N terminus and an intracellular C terminus, consistent with GPCR topology. Using receptor internalization, β-arrestin recruitment, calcium flux, and chemotaxis assays, we excluded all 37 available mouse chemokines, including Ccr1 ligands, and two viral chemokines as Ccr1l1 ligands, and demonstrated that mouse Ccr1, but not Ccr1l1, exhibits constitutive signaling activity. However, sequence analysis and structural modeling revealed that Ccr1l1 is well equipped to act as a classical signaling GPCR, with N-terminal sulfotyrosines as the only signaling and chemokine-binding determinant absent in Ccr1l1. Hereof, we show that a sulfatable N-terminal Ccr1 Y18 residue is essential for chemotaxis and calcium responses induced by Ccl3 and Ccl9/10, but substituting the corresponding Ccr1l1 F19 residue with tyrosine failed to confer responsiveness to Ccr1 ligands. Although Ccr1l1 remains an extreme outlier in the chemokine receptor family, our study supports that it might respond to unidentified mouse chemokine ligands in eosinophil-driven immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn M Kline
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lauren E Heusinkveld
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eleanor Taranto
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Clare B Martin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alessandra G Tomasi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Isabel J Hsu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyoungin Cho
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jaspal S Khillan
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip M Murphy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sergio M Pontejo
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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5
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Lounsbury N. Advances in CXCR7 Modulators. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13020033. [PMID: 32098047 PMCID: PMC7169404 DOI: 10.3390/ph13020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CXC chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that signals through the β-arrestin pathway. Its ligands include interferon-inducible T cell α chemoattractant (CXCL11) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (CXCL12). It interacts with CXCR4, and the two are associated with various cancers, as well as other disease states such as coronary artery disease, stroke, inflammation and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Antibodies and small interfering RNA (siRNA) have shown the utility of antagonists of CXCR7 in these disease states. Although some small molecules were initially reported as antagonists due to their displayed activity, many function as agonists while still producing the desired pharmacologic effects. A potential reason for this contradiction is that effects may be due to elevated extracellular CXCL12 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Lounsbury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Larkin University College of Pharmacy, Miami, FL 33169, USA
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6
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Koenen J, Bachelerie F, Balabanian K, Schlecht-Louf G, Gallego C. Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3 (ACKR3): A Comprehensive Overview of its Expression and Potential Roles in the Immune System. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:809-818. [PMID: 31040166 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.115329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3), previously known as C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7), has emerged as a key player in several biologic processes, particularly during development. Its CXCL11 and CXCL12 scavenging activity and atypical signaling properties, together with a new array of other nonchemokine ligands, have established ACKR3 as a main regulator of physiologic processes at steady state and during inflammation. Here, we present a comprehensive review of ACKR3 expression in mammalian tissues in search of a possible connection with the receptor function. Besides the reported roles of ACKR3 during development, we discuss the potential contribution of ACKR3 to the function of the immune system, focusing on the myeloid lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Koenen
- INSERM UMR996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France (J.K., F.B., K.B., G.S.-L., C.G.) and Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.K.)
| | - Françoise Bachelerie
- INSERM UMR996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France (J.K., F.B., K.B., G.S.-L., C.G.) and Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.K.)
| | - Karl Balabanian
- INSERM UMR996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France (J.K., F.B., K.B., G.S.-L., C.G.) and Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.K.)
| | - Géraldine Schlecht-Louf
- INSERM UMR996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France (J.K., F.B., K.B., G.S.-L., C.G.) and Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.K.)
| | - Carmen Gallego
- INSERM UMR996-Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France (J.K., F.B., K.B., G.S.-L., C.G.) and Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.K.)
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7
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Liang X, Luo D, Yan JL, Rezaei MA, Salvador-Reyes LA, Gunasekera SP, Li C, Ye T, Paul VJ, Luesch H. Discovery of Amantamide, a Selective CXCR7 Agonist from Marine Cyanobacteria. Org Lett 2019; 21:1622-1626. [PMID: 30779584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CXCR7 plays an emerging role in several physiological processes. A linear peptide, amantamide (1), was isolated from marine cyanobacteria, and the structure was determined by NMR and mass spectrometry. The total synthesis was achieved by solid-phase method. After screening two biological target libraries, 1 was identified as a selective CXCR7 agonist. The selective activation of CXCR7 by 1 could provide the basis for developing CXCR7-targeted therapeutics and deciphering the role of CXCR7 in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3) , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Danmeng Luo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3) , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Jia-Lei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Mohammad A Rezaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3) , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Lilibeth A Salvador-Reyes
- Marine Science Institute, College of Science , University of the Philippines , Diliman, Quezon City 1101 , Philippines
| | | | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3) , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
| | - Tao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055 , China.,QianYan Pharmatech Limited , Shenzhen , 518172 , China
| | - Valerie J Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station , Fort Pierce , Florida 34949 , United States
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3) , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32610 , United States
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8
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Wang C, Chen W, Shen J. CXCR7 Targeting and Its Major Disease Relevance. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:641. [PMID: 29977203 PMCID: PMC6021539 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are the target of small peptide chemokines. They play various important roles in physiological and pathological processes. CXCR7, later renamed ACKR3, is a non-classical seven transmembrane-spanning receptor whose function as a signaling or non-signaling scavenger/decoy receptor is currently under debate. Even for cell signaling mechanisms, there has been inconsistency on whether CXCR7 couples to G-proteins or β-arrestins. Several reasons may contribute to this uncertainty or controversy. In one hand, it has been neglected that CXCR7 has more than five natural ligands and unfortunately, most of the prior research only studied SDF-1 (CXCL12) and/or I-TAC (CXCL11); on the other hand, there are mounting evidence supporting ligand and tissue bias for receptor signaling, but limited such information is available for CXCR7. In this review we focus on summarizing the endogenous and exogenous ligands of CXCR7, the main diseases related to CXCR7 and the biased signaling events happening on CXCR7. These three aspects of CXCR7 pharmacologic properties may explain why the contradicting opinions of whether CXCR7 is a signaling or non-signaling receptor exist. Further, potential new direction and perspective for the study of CXCR7 biology and pharmacology are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Weilin Chen
- Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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9
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Sekiguchi H, Kuroyanagi T, Rhainds D, Kobayashi K, Kobayashi Y, Ohno H, Heveker N, Akaji K, Fujii N, Oishi S. Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Cyclic Pentapeptide Ligands for Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3 (ACKR3). J Med Chem 2018; 61:3745-3751. [PMID: 29608300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3)/CXC chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7) recognizes stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)/CXCL12 and is involved in a number of physiological and pathological processes. Here, we investigated the SAR of the component amino acids in an ACKR3-selective ligand, FC313 [ cyclo(-d-Tyr-l-Arg-l-MeArg-l-Nal(2)-l-Pro-)], for the development of highly active ACKR3 ligands. Notably, modification at the l-Pro position with a bulky hydrophobic side chain led to improved bioactivity toward ACKR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Sekiguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Tomoko Kuroyanagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - David Rhainds
- Département de Biochimie , Université de Montréal , Montréal H3T 1J4 , Canada.,Research Centre , Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal , Montréal H3T 1C5 , Canada
| | - Kazuya Kobayashi
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University , Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412 , Japan
| | - Yuka Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Nikolaus Heveker
- Département de Biochimie , Université de Montréal , Montréal H3T 1J4 , Canada.,Research Centre , Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal , Montréal H3T 1C5 , Canada
| | - Kenichi Akaji
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University , Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412 , Japan
| | - Nobutaka Fujii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
| | - Shinya Oishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kyoto University , Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
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10
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Szpakowska M, Nevins AM, Meyrath M, Rhainds D, D'huys T, Guité-Vinet F, Dupuis N, Gauthier PA, Counson M, Kleist A, St-Onge G, Hanson J, Schols D, Volkman BF, Heveker N, Chevigné A. Different contributions of chemokine N-terminal features attest to a different ligand binding mode and a bias towards activation of ACKR3/CXCR7 compared with CXCR4 and CXCR3. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:1419-1438. [PMID: 29272550 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chemokines and their receptors form an intricate interaction and signalling network that plays critical roles in various physiological and pathological cellular processes. The high promiscuity and apparent redundancy of this network makes probing individual chemokine/receptor interactions and functional effects, as well as targeting individual receptor axes for therapeutic applications, challenging. Despite poor sequence identity, the N-terminal regions of chemokines, which play a key role in their activity and selectivity, contain several conserved features. Thus far little is known regarding the molecular basis of their interactions with typical and atypical chemokine receptors or the conservation of their contributions across chemokine-receptor pairs. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used a broad panel of chemokine variants and modified peptides derived from the N-terminal region of chemokines CXCL12, CXCL11 and vCCL2, to compare the contributions of various features to binding and activation of their shared receptors, the two typical, canonical G protein-signalling receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR3, as well as the atypical scavenger receptor CXCR7/ACKR3, which shows exclusively arrestin-dependent activity. KEY RESULTS We provide molecular insights into the plasticity of the ligand-binding pockets of these receptors, their chemokine binding modes and their activation mechanisms. Although the chemokine N-terminal region is a critical determinant, neither the most proximal residues nor the N-loop are essential for binding and activation of ACKR3, as distinct from binding and activation of CXCR4 and CXCR3. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest a different interaction mechanism between this atypical receptor and its ligands and illustrate its strong propensity to activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Szpakowska
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Amanda M Nevins
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Max Meyrath
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - David Rhainds
- Research Centre, Saint-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas D'huys
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - François Guité-Vinet
- Research Centre, Saint-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadine Dupuis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre-Arnaud Gauthier
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Manuel Counson
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Andrew Kleist
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Geneviève St-Onge
- Research Centre, Saint-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Hanson
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Nikolaus Heveker
- Research Centre, Saint-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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11
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CXCR7/ACKR3-targeting ligands interfere with X7 HIV-1 and HIV-2 entry and replication in human host cells. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00557. [PMID: 29560468 PMCID: PMC5857896 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are considered the main coreceptors for initial HIV infection, replication and transmission, and subsequent AIDS progression. Over the years, other chemokine receptors, belonging to the family of G protein-coupled receptors, have also been identified as candidate coreceptors for HIV entry into human host cells. Amongst them, CXCR7, also known as atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3), was suggested as a coreceptor candidate capable of facilitating both HIV-1 and HIV-2 entry in vitro. In this study, a cellular infection model was established to further decipher the role of CXCR7 as an HIV coreceptor. Using this model, CXCR7-mediated viral entry was demonstrated for several clinical HIV isolates as well as laboratory strains. Of interest, the X4-tropic HIV-1 HE strain showed rapid adaptation towards CXCR7-mediated infection after continuous passaging on CD4- and CXCR7-expressing cells. Furthermore, we uncovered anti-CXCR7 monoclonal antibodies, small molecule CXCR7 inhibitors and the natural CXCR7 chemokine ligands as potent inhibitors of CXCR7 receptor-mediated HIV entry and replication. Even though the clinical relevance of CXCR7-mediated HIV infection remains poorly understood, our data suggest that divergent HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains can quickly adapt their coreceptor usage depending on the cellular environment, which warrants further investigation.
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12
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Structure and Function of Peptide-Binding G Protein-Coupled Receptors. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:2726-2745. [PMID: 28705763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface receptors and are important human drug targets. Of the 826 human GPCRs, 118 of them recognize endogenous peptide or protein ligands, and 30 of the 118 are targeted by approved drug molecules, including the very high-profile class B glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor. In this review, we analyze the 21 experimentally determined three-dimensional structures of the known peptide-binding GPCRs in relation to the endogenous peptides and drug molecules that modulate their cell signaling processes. Our integrated analyses reveal that half of the marketed drugs and most of the drugs in clinical trials that interact with peptide GPCRs are small molecules with a wide range of binding modes distinct from those of large peptide ligands. As we continue to collect additional data on these receptors from orthogonal approaches, including nuclear magnetic resonance and electron microscopy, we are beginning to understand how these receptors interact with their ligands at the molecular level and how improving the pharmacology of GPCR signal transduction requires us to study these receptors using multiple biophysical techniques.
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13
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Kufareva I, Gustavsson M, Zheng Y, Stephens BS, Handel TM. What Do Structures Tell Us About Chemokine Receptor Function and Antagonism? Annu Rev Biophys 2017; 46:175-198. [PMID: 28532213 PMCID: PMC5764094 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-051013-022942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines and their cell surface G protein-coupled receptors are critical for cell migration, not only in many fundamental biological processes but also in inflammatory diseases and cancer. Recent X-ray structures of two chemokines complexed with full-length receptors provided unprecedented insight into the atomic details of chemokine recognition and receptor activation, and computational modeling informed by new experiments leverages these insights to gain understanding of many more receptor:chemokine pairs. In parallel, chemokine receptor structures with small molecules reveal the complicated and diverse structural foundations of small molecule antagonism and allostery, highlight the inherent physicochemical challenges of receptor:chemokine interfaces, and suggest novel epitopes that can be exploited to overcome these challenges. The structures and models promote unique understanding of chemokine receptor biology, including the interpretation of two decades of experimental studies, and will undoubtedly assist future drug discovery endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kufareva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; ,
| | - Martin Gustavsson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; ,
| | - Yi Zheng
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; ,
| | - Bryan S Stephens
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; ,
| | - Tracy M Handel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; ,
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14
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Gustavsson M, Wang L, van Gils N, Stephens BS, Zhang P, Schall TJ, Yang S, Abagyan R, Chance MR, Kufareva I, Handel TM. Structural basis of ligand interaction with atypical chemokine receptor 3. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14135. [PMID: 28098154 PMCID: PMC5253664 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines drive cell migration through their interactions with seven-transmembrane (7TM) chemokine receptors on cell surfaces. The atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) binds chemokines CXCL11 and CXCL12 and signals exclusively through β-arrestin-mediated pathways, without activating canonical G-protein signalling. This receptor is upregulated in numerous cancers making it a potential drug target. Here we collected over 100 distinct structural probes from radiolytic footprinting, disulfide trapping, and mutagenesis to map the structures of ACKR3:CXCL12 and ACKR3:small-molecule complexes, including dynamic regions that proved unresolvable by X-ray crystallography in homologous receptors. The data are integrated with molecular modelling to produce complete and cohesive experimentally driven models that confirm and expand on the existing knowledge of the architecture of receptor:chemokine and receptor:small-molecule complexes. Additionally, we detected and characterized ligand-induced conformational changes in the transmembrane and intracellular regions of ACKR3 that elucidate fundamental structural elements of agonism in this atypical receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gustavsson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0684, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Liwen Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics and Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10009 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44109, USA
| | - Noortje van Gils
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0684, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Bryan S Stephens
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0684, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Penglie Zhang
- ChemoCentryx Inc., 850 W Maude Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043, USA
| | - Thomas J Schall
- ChemoCentryx Inc., 850 W Maude Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043, USA
| | - Sichun Yang
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics and Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10009 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44109, USA
| | - Ruben Abagyan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0684, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Mark R Chance
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics and Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10009 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44109, USA
| | - Irina Kufareva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0684, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Tracy M Handel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0684, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
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15
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Benredjem B, Girard M, Rhainds D, St-Onge G, Heveker N. Mutational Analysis of Atypical Chemokine Receptor 3 (ACKR3/CXCR7) Interaction with Its Chemokine Ligands CXCL11 and CXCL12. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:31-42. [PMID: 27875312 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.762252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical chemokine receptors do not mediate chemotaxis or G protein signaling, but they recruit arrestin. They also efficiently scavenge their chemokine ligands, thereby contributing to gradient maintenance and termination. ACKR3, also known as CXCR7, binds and degrades the constitutive chemokine CXCL12, which also binds the canonical receptor CXCR4, and CXCL11, which also binds CXCR3. Here we report comprehensive mutational analysis of the ACKR3 interaction with its chemokine ligands, using 30 substitution mutants. Readouts are radioligand binding competition, arrestin recruitment, and chemokine scavenging. Our results suggest different binding modes for both chemokines. CXCL11 depends on the ACKR3 N terminus and some extracellular loop (ECL) positions for primary binding, ECL residues mediate secondary binding and arrestin recruitment potency. CXCL12 binding required key residues Asp-1794.60 and Asp-2756.58 (residue numbering follows the Ballesteros-Weinstein scheme), with no evident involvement of N-terminal residues, suggesting an uncommon mode of receptor engagement. Mutation of residues corresponding to CRS2 in CXCR4 (positions Ser-1032.63 and Gln-3017.39) increased CXCL11 binding, but reduced CXCL12 affinity. Mutant Q301E7.39 did not recruit arrestin. Mutant K118A3.26 in ECL1 showed moderate baseline arrestin recruitment with ablation of ligand-induced responses. Substitutions that affected CXCL11 binding also diminished scavenging. However, detection of reduced CXCL12 scavenging by mutants with impaired CXCL12 affinity required drastically reduced receptor expression levels, suggesting that scavenging pathways can be saturated and that CXCL12 binding exceeds scavenging at higher receptor expression levels. Arrestin recruitment did not correlate with scavenging; although Q301E7.39 degraded chemokines in the absence of arrestin, S103D2.63 had reduced CXCL11 scavenging despite intact arrestin responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Besma Benredjem
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal H3T 1J4, Canada and.,Research Centre, Saint-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Mélanie Girard
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal H3T 1J4, Canada and.,Research Centre, Saint-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - David Rhainds
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal H3T 1J4, Canada and.,Research Centre, Saint-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Geneviève St-Onge
- Research Centre, Saint-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Nikolaus Heveker
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal H3T 1J4, Canada and .,Research Centre, Saint-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal H3T 1C5, Canada
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16
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Mona CE, Besserer-Offroy É, Cabana J, Lefrançois M, Boulais PE, Lefebvre MR, Leduc R, Lavigne P, Heveker N, Marsault É, Escher E. Structure–Activity Relationship and Signaling of New Chimeric CXCR4 Agonists. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7512-24. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine E. Mona
- Department
of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Élie Besserer-Offroy
- Department
of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jérôme Cabana
- Department
of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Marilou Lefrançois
- Department
of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Philip E. Boulais
- Department
of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Marie-Reine Lefebvre
- Department
of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Richard Leduc
- Department
of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pierre Lavigne
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Nikolaus Heveker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular
Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C4, Canada
| | - Éric Marsault
- Department
of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Emanuel Escher
- Department
of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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17
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Oishi S, Kuroyanagi T, Kubo T, Montpas N, Yoshikawa Y, Misu R, Kobayashi Y, Ohno H, Heveker N, Furuya T, Fujii N. Development of Novel CXC Chemokine Receptor 7 (CXCR7) Ligands: Selectivity Switch from CXCR4 Antagonists with a Cyclic Pentapeptide Scaffold. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5218-25. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Oishi
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kuroyanagi
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kubo
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nicolas Montpas
- Département
de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Research Centre,
Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Yasushi Yoshikawa
- Drug Discovery Department, Research & Development Division, PharmaDesign Inc., 2-19-8 Hatchobori, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0032, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Misu
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuka Kobayashi
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nikolaus Heveker
- Département
de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Research Centre,
Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Toshio Furuya
- Drug Discovery Department, Research & Development Division, PharmaDesign Inc., 2-19-8 Hatchobori, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0032, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Fujii
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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18
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Cavasotto CN, Palomba D. Expanding the horizons of G protein-coupled receptor structure-based ligand discovery and optimization using homology models. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:13576-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05050b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We show the key role of structural homology models in GPCR structure-based lead discovery and optimization, highlighting methodological aspects, recent progress and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio N. Cavasotto
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Damián Palomba
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
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