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Wang QQ, Song J, Wei D. Origin of Chemoselectivity of Halohydrin Dehalogenase-Catalyzed Epoxide Ring-Opening Reactions. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:4530-4541. [PMID: 38808649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
By performing molecular dynamics (MD), quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations, and QM cluster calculations, the origin of chemoselectivity of halohydrin dehalogenase (HHDH)-catalyzed ring-opening reactions of epoxide with the nucleophilic reagent NO2- has been explored. Four possible chemoselective pathways were considered, and the computed results indicate that the pathway associated with the nucleophilic attack on the Cα position of epoxide by NO2- is most energetically favorable and has an energy barrier of 12.9 kcal/mol, which is close to 14.1 kcal/mol derived from experimental kinetic data. A hydrogen bonding network formed by residues Ser140, Tyr153, and Arg157 can strengthen the electrophilicity of the active site of the epoxide substrate to affect chemoselectivity. To predict the energy barrier trends of the chemoselective transition states, multiple analyses including distortion analysis and electrophilic Parr function (Pk+) analysis were carried out with or without an enzyme environment. The obtained insights should be valuable for the rational design of enzyme-catalyzed and biomimetic organocatalytic epoxide ring-opening reactions with special chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Wang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, P. R. China
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2
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Improving the enantioselectivity of halohydrin dehalogenase for the synthesis of (R)-benzyl glycidyl ether via biocatalytic azidolysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:123-128. [PMID: 33352156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Halohydrin dehalogenases (HHDHs) are valuable biocatalysts for the synthesis of enantiopure benzyl glycidyl ether (BGE) and its derivatives, which are important synthetic intermediates for anti-cancer and anti-obesity drugs. However, all the reported HHDHs exhibit low enantioselectivity. In this study, we screened site-saturation mutagenesis libraries of AbHHDH at positions R89, A136, V137, P178, N179, F180, I181, Y186 and F187 for mutants with enhanced enantioselectivity toward BGE. The four improved variant R89V, R89Y, R89K and V137I were identified, and the double mutant R89Y/V137I showed 2.9-fold higher enantioselectivity than the wild type. The regions of HHDH containing the identified mutations were analyzed by homology modeling to explain the changes of enantioselectivity. Kinetic resolution of 20 to 100 mM BGE using whole cells of Escherichia coli expressing the mutant R89Y/V137I resulted in (R)-BGE yields of 42 to 32.5%, with ee >99%. This study improves our understanding of the enantioselectivity of HHDHs and contributes improved biocatalysts for the kinetic resolution of BGE.
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Findrik Blažević Z, Milčić N, Sudar M, Majerić Elenkov M. Halohydrin Dehalogenases and Their Potential in Industrial Application – A Viewpoint of Enzyme Reaction Engineering. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zvjezdana Findrik Blažević
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology Savska c. 16 HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Nevena Milčić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology Savska c. 16 HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Martina Sudar
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology Savska c. 16 HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
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Xue F, Zhang LH, Xu Q. Significant improvement of the enantioselectivity of a halohydrin dehalogenase for asymmetric epoxide ring opening reactions by protein engineering. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2067-2077. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10356-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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5
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Xue F, Ya X, Tong Q, Xiu Y, Huang H. Heterologous overexpression of Pseudomonas umsongensis halohydrin dehalogenase in Escherichia coli and its application in epoxide asymmetric ring opening reactions. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Liu J, Lai J, Qi L, Liu X, Zhang L, Li Y. Theoretical Study on the Catalytic Oxidation of
p
‐Iodophenol by Horseradish Peroxidase in a Chemiluminescent System. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- School of Control Science and EngineeringShandong University 17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Lai
- School of Control Science and EngineeringShandong University 17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Liguo Qi
- Taian City Central Hospital 29 Longtan Road, Taian Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesShandong University 44 Wenhua West Road Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Lili Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive EngineeringQilu University of Technology 3501 Daxue Road, Jinan Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yibin Li
- School of Control Science and EngineeringShandong University 17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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Cerqueira NMFSA, Moorthy H, Fernandes PA, Ramos MJ. The mechanism of the Ser-(cis)Ser-Lys catalytic triad of peptide amidases. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:12343-12354. [PMID: 28453015 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00277g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a theoretical investigation of the catalytic mechanism of peptide amidases that involve a Ser-(cis)Ser-Lys catalytic triad. Previous suggestions propose that these enzymes should follow a distinct catalytic mechanism from the one that is present in the classic Ser-His-Asp catalytic triad. The theoretical and computational results obtained in this work indicate the opposite idea, showing that both mechanisms are very similar and only few differences are observed between both reactions. The results reveal that the different alignment of the Ser-(cis)Ser-Lys catalytic triad in relation to the classical Ser-His-Asp triad may provide a better stabilisation of the reaction intermediates, and therefore make these enzymes catalytically more efficient. The catalytic mechanism has been determined at the M06-2X/6-311++G**//B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory and requires five sequential steps instead of the two that are generally proposed: (i) nucleophilic attack of serine on the carbonyl group of the substrate, forming the first tetrahedral intermediate, (ii) formation of an acyl-enzyme complex, (ii) release of an ammonia product, (iv) nucleophilic attack of a water molecule forming the second tetrahedral intermediate, and (iv) the release of the product of the reaction, the carboxylic acid. The computational results suggest that the rate-limiting step is the first one that requires an activation free energy of 15.93 kcal mol-1. This result agrees very well with the available experimental data that predict a reaction rate of 2200 s-1, which corresponds to a free energy barrier of 14 kcal mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M F S A Cerqueira
- UCIBO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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Agarwal V, Miles ZD, Winter JM, Eustáquio AS, El Gamal AA, Moore BS. Enzymatic Halogenation and Dehalogenation Reactions: Pervasive and Mechanistically Diverse. Chem Rev 2017; 117:5619-5674. [PMID: 28106994 PMCID: PMC5575885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Naturally produced halogenated compounds are ubiquitous across all domains of life where they perform a multitude of biological functions and adopt a diversity of chemical structures. Accordingly, a diverse collection of enzyme catalysts to install and remove halogens from organic scaffolds has evolved in nature. Accounting for the different chemical properties of the four halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine) and the diversity and chemical reactivity of their organic substrates, enzymes performing biosynthetic and degradative halogenation chemistry utilize numerous mechanistic strategies involving oxidation, reduction, and substitution. Biosynthetic halogenation reactions range from simple aromatic substitutions to stereoselective C-H functionalizations on remote carbon centers and can initiate the formation of simple to complex ring structures. Dehalogenating enzymes, on the other hand, are best known for removing halogen atoms from man-made organohalogens, yet also function naturally, albeit rarely, in metabolic pathways. This review details the scope and mechanism of nature's halogenation and dehalogenation enzymatic strategies, highlights gaps in our understanding, and posits where new advances in the field might arise in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Agarwal
- Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego
| | - Zachary D. Miles
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego
| | | | - Alessandra S. Eustáquio
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy and Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Abrahim A. El Gamal
- Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego
| | - Bradley S. Moore
- Center for Oceans and Human Health, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego
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9
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Hu D, Ye HH, Wu MC, Feng F, Zhu LJ, Yin X, Li JF. Chemoenzymatic preparation of (S)-p-nitrostyrene oxide from p-nitrophenacyl bromide by recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing a novel halohydrin dehalogenase. CATAL COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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10
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Schallmey M, Jekel P, Tang L, Majerić Elenkov M, Höffken HW, Hauer B, Janssen DB. A single point mutation enhances hydroxynitrile synthesis by halohydrin dehalogenase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 70:50-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Chen SY, He XJ, Wu JP, Xu G, Yang LR. Identification of halohydrin dehalogenase mutants that resist COBE inhibition. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-013-0457-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Chen SY, Yang CX, Wu JP, Xu G, Yang LR. Multi-Enzymatic Biosynthesis of Chiral β-Hydroxy Nitriles through Co-Expression of Oxidoreductase and Halohydrin Dehalogenase. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Schallmey M, Floor RJ, Hauer B, Breuer M, Jekel PA, Wijma HJ, Dijkstra BW, Janssen DB. Biocatalytic and structural properties of a highly engineered halohydrin dehalogenase. Chembiochem 2013; 14:870-81. [PMID: 23585096 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Two highly engineered halohydrin dehalogenase variants were characterized in terms of their performance in dehalogenation and epoxide cyanolysis reactions. Both enzyme variants outperformed the wild-type enzyme in the cyanolysis of ethyl (S)-3,4-epoxybutyrate, a conversion yielding ethyl (R)-4-cyano-3-hydroxybutyrate, an important chiral building block for statin synthesis. One of the enzyme variants, HheC2360, displayed catalytic rates for this cyanolysis reaction enhanced up to tenfold. Furthermore, the enantioselectivity of this variant was the opposite of that of the wild-type enzyme, both for dehalogenation and for cyanolysis reactions. The 37-fold mutant HheC2360 showed an increase in thermal stability of 8 °C relative to the wild-type enzyme. Crystal structures of this enzyme were elucidated with chloride and ethyl (S)-3,4-epoxybutyrate or with ethyl (R)-4-cyano-3-hydroxybutyrate bound in the active site. The observed increase in temperature stability was explained in terms of a substantial increase in buried surface area relative to the wild-type HheC, together with enhanced interfacial interactions between the subunits that form the tetramer. The structures also revealed that the substrate binding pocket was modified both by substitutions and by backbone movements in loops surrounding the active site. The observed changes in the mutant structures are partly governed by coupled mutations, some of which are necessary to remove steric clashes or to allow backbone movements to occur. The importance of interactions between substitutions suggests that efficient directed evolution strategies should allow for compensating and synergistic mutations during library design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Schallmey
- Department of Biochemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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14
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Liao RZ, Thiel W. Determinants of Regioselectivity and Chemoselectivity in Fosfomycin Resistance Protein FosA from QM/MM Calculations. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:1326-36. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4002719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Zhen Liao
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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15
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Properties and biotechnological applications of halohydrin dehalogenases: current state and future perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:9-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Thibodeaux CJ, Chang WC, Liu HW. Enzymatic chemistry of cyclopropane, epoxide, and aziridine biosynthesis. Chem Rev 2012; 112:1681-709. [PMID: 22017381 PMCID: PMC3288687 DOI: 10.1021/cr200073d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei-chen Chang
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Hung-wen Liu
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
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17
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Jin HX, Hu ZC, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Nitrite-mediated synthesis of chiral epichlorohydrin using halohydrin dehalogenase from Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2012; 59:170-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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SENTHILNATHAN DHURAIRAJAN, TAMILMANI VENKATACHALAM, VENUVANALINGAM PONNAMBALAM. Biocatalysis of azidolysis of epoxides: Computational evidences on the role of halohydrin dehalogenase (HheC). J CHEM SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-011-0082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Siegbahn PE, Himo F. The quantum chemical cluster approach for modeling enzyme reactions. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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DFT investigation on the reaction mechanism catalyzed by α-phosphomannomutase1 in protonated/deprotonated states. J Mol Model 2011; 17:577-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-010-0743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Molinaro C, Guilbault AA, Kosjek B. Resolution of 2,2-disubstituted epoxides via biocatalytic azidolysis. Org Lett 2010; 12:3772-5. [PMID: 20681610 DOI: 10.1021/ol101406k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A practical procedure for the enzymatic resolution of 2-alkyl-2-aryl-disubstituted epoxides using the Codex HHDH P2E2 enzyme and sodium azide is reported. This method allowed the synthesis of novel regio- and enantioselective 1-azido-2-arylpropan-2-ols in excellent yields. Furthermore, these intermediates were used for the preparation of enantiomerically enriched amino alcohols and aziridines containing a tertiary center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Molinaro
- Department of Process Research, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, 16711 Autoroute Transcanadienne, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada H9H 3L1.
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Sevastik R, Whitman CP, Himo F. Reaction mechanism of cis-3-chloroacrylic acid dehalogenase: a theoretical study. Biochemistry 2009; 48:9641-9. [PMID: 19725565 DOI: 10.1021/bi900879a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The reaction mechanism of cis-3-chloroacrylic acid dehalogenase (cis-CaaD) is studied using the B3LYP density functional theory method. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolytic dehalogenation of cis-3-chloroacrylic acid to yield malonate semialdehyde and HCl. The uncatalyzed reaction is first considered, and excellent agreement is found between the calculated barrier and the measured rate constant. The enzymatic reaction is then studied with an active site model consisting of 159 atoms. The results suggest an alternative mechanism for cis-CaaD catalysis and different roles for some active site residues in this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Sevastik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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