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Sawant A, Floyd AM, Dangeti M, Lei W, Sobol RW, Patrick SM. Differential role of base excision repair proteins in mediating cisplatin cytotoxicity. DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 51:46-59. [PMID: 28110804 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are covalent lesions formed by cisplatin. The mechanism for the processing and removal of ICLs by DNA repair proteins involves nucleotide excision repair (NER), homologous recombination (HR) and fanconi anemia (FA) pathways. In this report, we monitored the processing of a flanking uracil adjacent to a cisplatin ICL by the proteins involved in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Using a combination of extracts, purified proteins, inhibitors, functional assays and cell culture studies, we determined the specific BER proteins required for processing a DNA substrate with a uracil adjacent to a cisplatin ICL. Uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG) is the primary glycosylase responsible for the removal of uracils adjacent to cisplatin ICLs, whereas other uracil glycosylases can process uracils in the context of undamaged DNA. Repair of the uracil adjacent to cisplatin ICLs proceeds through the classical BER pathway, highlighting the importance of specific proteins in this redundant pathway. Removal of uracil is followed by the generation of an abasic site and subsequent cleavage by AP endonuclease 1 (APE1). Inhibition of either the repair or redox domain of APE1 gives rise to cisplatin resistance. Inhibition of the lyase domain of Polymerase β (Polβ) does not influence cisplatin cytotoxicity. In addition, lack of XRCC1 leads to increased DNA damage and results in increased cisplatin cytotoxicity. Our results indicate that BER activation at cisplatin ICLs influences crosslink repair and modulates cisplatin cytotoxicity via specific UNG, APE1 and Polβ polymerase functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshada Sawant
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Ashley M Floyd
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Mohan Dangeti
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo - Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, United States
| | - Wen Lei
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Molecular & Metabolic Oncology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama,1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604, United States
| | - Steve M Patrick
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
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Cheng SY, Seo J, Huang BT, Napolitano T, Champeil E. Mitomycin C and decarbamoyl mitomycin C induce p53-independent p21WAF1/CIP1 activation. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1815-1824. [PMID: 27666201 PMCID: PMC5063421 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitomycin C (MC), a commonly used anticancer drug, induces DNA damage via DNA alkylation. Decarbamoyl mitomycin C (DMC), another mitomycin lacking the carbamate at C10, generates similar lesions as MC. Interstrand cross-links (ICLs) are believed to be the lesions primarily responsible for the cytotoxicity of MC and DMC. The major ICL generated by MC (α-ICL) has a trans stereochemistry at the guanine-drug linkage whereas the major ICL from DMC (β-ICL) has the opposite, cis, stereochemistry. In addition, DMC can provoke strong p53-independent cell death. Our hypothesis is that the stereochemistry of the major unique β-ICL generated by DMC is responsible for this p53-independent cell death signaling. p53 gene is inactively mutated in more than half of human cancers. p21WAF1/CIP1 known as a major effector of p53 is involved in p53-dependent and -independent control of cell proliferation and death. This study revealed the role of p21WAF1/CIP1 on MC and DMC triggered cell damage. MCF-7 (p53-proficient) and K562 (p53-deficient) cells were used. Cell cycle distributions were shifted to the G1/S phase in MCF-7 treated with MC and DMC, but were shifted to the S phase in K562. p21WAF1/CIP1 activation was observed in both cells treated with MC and DMC, and DMC triggered more significant activation. Knocking down p53 in MCF-7 did not attenuate MC and DMC induced p21WAF1/CIP1 activation. The α-ICL itself was enough to cause p21WAF1/CIP1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Jiwon Seo
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Bik Tzu Huang
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Tanya Napolitano
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Elise Champeil
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, NY 10019, USA
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Savreux-Lenglet G, Depauw S, David-Cordonnier MH. Protein Recognition in Drug-Induced DNA Alkylation: When the Moonlight Protein GAPDH Meets S23906-1/DNA Minor Groove Adducts. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26555-81. [PMID: 26556350 PMCID: PMC4661830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA alkylating drugs have been used in clinics for more than seventy years. The diversity of their mechanism of action (major/minor groove; mono-/bis-alkylation; intra-/inter-strand crosslinks; DNA stabilization/destabilization, etc.) has undoubtedly major consequences on the cellular response to treatment. The aim of this review is to highlight the variety of established protein recognition of DNA adducts to then particularly focus on glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) function in DNA adduct interaction with illustration using original experiments performed with S23906-1/DNA adduct. The introduction of this review is a state of the art of protein/DNA adducts recognition, depending on the major or minor groove orientation of the DNA bonding as well as on the molecular consequences in terms of double-stranded DNA maintenance. It reviews the implication of proteins from both DNA repair, transcription, replication and chromatin maintenance in selective DNA adduct recognition. The main section of the manuscript is focusing on the implication of the moonlighting protein GAPDH in DNA adduct recognition with the model of the peculiar DNA minor groove alkylating and destabilizing drug S23906-1. The mechanism of action of S23906-1 alkylating drug and the large variety of GAPDH cellular functions are presented prior to focus on GAPDH direct binding to S23906-1 adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Savreux-Lenglet
- UMR-S1172-Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre (JPARC), INSERM, University of Lille, Lille Hospital, Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, Place de Verdun F-59045 Lille cedex, France.
| | - Sabine Depauw
- UMR-S1172-Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre (JPARC), INSERM, University of Lille, Lille Hospital, Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, Place de Verdun F-59045 Lille cedex, France.
| | - Marie-Hélène David-Cordonnier
- UMR-S1172-Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre (JPARC), INSERM, University of Lille, Lille Hospital, Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, Place de Verdun F-59045 Lille cedex, France.
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O'Grady S, Finn SP, Cuffe S, Richard DJ, O'Byrne KJ, Barr MP. The role of DNA repair pathways in cisplatin resistant lung cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2014; 40:1161-70. [PMID: 25458603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Platinum chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin are currently used in the treatment of various malignancies such as lung cancer. However, their efficacy is significantly hindered by the development of resistance during treatment. While a number of factors have been reported that contribute to the onset of this resistance phenotype, alterations in the DNA repair capacity of damaged cells is now recognised as an important factor in mediating this phenomenon. The mode of action of cisplatin has been linked to its ability to crosslink purine bases on the DNA, thereby interfering with DNA repair mechanisms and inducing DNA damage. Following DNA damage, cells respond by activating a DNA-damage response that either leads to repair of the lesion by the cell thereby promoting resistance to the drug, or cell death via activation of the apoptotic response. Therefore, DNA repair is a vital target to improving cancer therapy and reduce the resistance of tumour cells to DNA damaging agents currently used in the treatment of cancer patients. To date, despite the numerous findings that differential expression of components of the various DNA repair pathways correlate with response to cisplatin, translation of such findings in the clinical setting are still warranted. The identification of alterations in specific proteins and pathways that contribute to these unique DNA repair pathways in cisplatin resistant cancer cells may potentially lead to a renewed interest in the development of rational novel therapies for cisplatin resistant cancers, in particular, lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane O'Grady
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland; Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Sinead Cuffe
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Derek J Richard
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Kenneth J O'Byrne
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland; Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Martin P Barr
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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Nucleotide excision repair: why is it not used to predict response to platinum-based chemotherapy? Cancer Lett 2014; 346:163-71. [PMID: 24462818 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Platinum based therapy is one of the most effectively used chemotherapeutic treatments for cancer. The mechanism of action of platinum compounds is to damage DNA and drive cells into apoptosis. The most commonly used platinum containing agents are cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (II)], more commonly known as cisplatin, its analogue carboplatin, and oxaliplatin. Cisplatin is used to treat a wide variety of tumours such as ovarian, testicular, head and neck and non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). In addition, it forms the basis of most combined treatment regimes. Despite this, cisplatin and its analogues are extremely toxic and although some patients benefit substantially from treatment, a large proportion suffer the toxic side effects without any therapeutic benefit. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a versatile DNA repair system that recognises DNA damage induced by platinum based therapy. For many years the components of the NER pathway have been studied to determine mRNA and protein expression levels in response or resistance to cisplatin in many forms of cancer; particularly testicular, ovarian and NSCLCs. Despite the consistent finding that over or under expression of subsets of NER proteins and mRNA highly correlate with response to cisplatin, the translation of these findings into the clinical setting has not been forthcoming. This review summarises the results of previous investigations into NER in cisplatin response and clinical trials where the expression of NER proteins were compared to the response to platinum therapies in treatment.
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Kothandapani A, Sawant A, Dangeti VSMN, Sobol RW, Patrick SM. Epistatic role of base excision repair and mismatch repair pathways in mediating cisplatin cytotoxicity. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:7332-43. [PMID: 23761438 PMCID: PMC3753620 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) and mismatch repair (MMR) pathways play an important role in modulating cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin) cytotoxicity. In this article, we identified a novel mechanistic role of both BER and MMR pathways in mediating cellular responses to cisplatin treatment. Cells defective in BER or MMR display a cisplatin-resistant phenotype. Targeting both BER and MMR pathways resulted in no additional resistance to cisplatin, suggesting that BER and MMR play epistatic roles in mediating cisplatin cytotoxicity. Using a DNA Polymerase β (Polβ) variant deficient in polymerase activity (D256A), we demonstrate that MMR acts downstream of BER and is dependent on the polymerase activity of Polβ in mediating cisplatin cytotoxicity. MSH2 preferentially binds a cisplatin interstrand cross-link (ICL) DNA substrate containing a mismatch compared with a cisplatin ICL substrate without a mismatch, suggesting a novel mutagenic role of Polβ in activating MMR in response to cisplatin. Collectively, these results provide the first mechanistic model for BER and MMR functioning within the same pathway to mediate cisplatin sensitivity via non-productive ICL processing. In this model, MMR participation in non-productive cisplatin ICL processing is downstream of BER processing and dependent on Polβ misincorporation at cisplatin ICL sites, which results in persistent cisplatin ICLs and sensitivity to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbarasi Kothandapani
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo - Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA, Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA and Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Kothandapani A, Dangeti VSMN, Brown AR, Banze LA, Wang XH, Sobol RW, Patrick SM. Novel role of base excision repair in mediating cisplatin cytotoxicity. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:14564-74. [PMID: 21357694 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.225375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Using isogenic mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human cancer cell lines, we show that cells defective in base excision repair (BER) display a cisplatin-specific resistant phenotype. This was accompanied by enhanced repair of cisplatin interstrand cross-links (ICLs) and ICL-induced DNA double strand breaks, but not intrastrand adducts. Cisplatin induces abasic sites with a reduced accumulation in uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG) null cells. We show that cytosines that flank the cisplatin ICLs undergo preferential oxidative deamination in vitro, and AP endonuclease 1 (APE1) can cleave the resulting ICL DNA substrate following removal of the flanking uracil. We also show that DNA polymerase β has low fidelity at the cisplatin ICL site after APE1 incision. Down-regulating ERCC1-XPF in BER-deficient cells restored cisplatin sensitivity. Based on our results, we propose a novel model in which BER plays a positive role in maintaining cisplatin cytotoxicity by competing with the productive cisplatin ICL DNA repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbarasi Kothandapani
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA
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Anciano Granadillo VJ, Earley JN, Shuck SC, Georgiadis MM, Fitch RW, Turchi JJ. Targeting the OB-Folds of Replication Protein A with Small Molecules. J Nucleic Acids 2010; 2010:304035. [PMID: 21188165 PMCID: PMC3005895 DOI: 10.4061/2010/304035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Replication protein A (RPA) is the main eukaryotic single-strand (ss) DNA-binding protein involved in DNA replication and repair. We have identified and developed two classes of small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) that show in vitro inhibition of the RPA-DNA interaction. We present further characterization of these SMIs with respect to their target binding, mechanism of action, and specificity. Both reversible and irreversible modes of inhibition are observed for the different classes of SMIs with one class found to specifically interact with DNA-binding domains A and B (DBD-A/B) of RPA. In comparison with other oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide binding-fold (OB-fold) containing ssDNA-binding proteins, one class of SMIs displayed specificity for the RPA protein. Together these data demonstrate that the specific targeting of a protein-DNA interaction can be exploited towards interrogating the cellular activity of RPA as well as increasing the efficacy of DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics used in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Anciano Granadillo
- Department of Medicine/Hematology and Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Joseph E. Walther Hall, R3-C562, 980 W. Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Muniandy PA, Liu J, Majumdar A, Liu ST, Seidman MM. DNA interstrand crosslink repair in mammalian cells: step by step. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 45:23-49. [PMID: 20039786 PMCID: PMC2824768 DOI: 10.3109/10409230903501819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interstrand DNA crosslinks (ICLs) are formed by natural products of metabolism and by chemotherapeutic reagents. Work in E. coli identified a two cycle repair scheme involving incisions on one strand on either side of the ICL (unhooking) producing a gapped intermediate with the incised oligonucleotide attached to the intact strand. The gap is filled by recombinational repair or lesion bypass synthesis. The remaining monoadduct is then removed by nucleotide excision repair (NER). Despite considerable effort, our understanding of each step in mammalian cells is still quite limited. In part this reflects the variety of crosslinking compounds, each with distinct structural features, used by different investigators. Also, multiple repair pathways are involved, variably operative during the cell cycle. G(1) phase repair requires functions from NER, although the mechanism of recognition has not been determined. Repair can be initiated by encounters with the transcriptional apparatus, or a replication fork. In the case of the latter, the reconstruction of a replication fork, stalled or broken by collision with an ICL, adds to the complexity of the repair process. The enzymology of unhooking, the identity of the lesion bypass polymerases required to fill the first repair gap, and the functions involved in the second repair cycle are all subjects of active inquiry. Here we will review current understanding of each step in ICL repair in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parameswary A Muniandy
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Zhu G, Lippard SJ. Photoaffinity labeling reveals nuclear proteins that uniquely recognize cisplatin-DNA interstrand cross-links. Biochemistry 2009; 48:4916-25. [PMID: 19364127 DOI: 10.1021/bi900389b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The DNA-binding inorganic compound cisplatin is one of the most successful anticancer drugs. The detailed mechanism by which cells recognize and process cisplatin-DNA damage is of great interest. Although the family of proteins that bind cisplatin 1,2- and 1,3-intrastrand cross-links has been identified, much less is known about cellular protein interactions with cisplatin interstrand cross-links (ICLs). In order to address this question, a photoreactive analogue of cisplatin, PtBP(6), was used to construct a DNA duplex containing a site-specific platinum ICL. This DNA probe was characterized and used in photo-cross-linking experiments to separate and identify nuclear proteins that bind to the ICL by peptide mass fingerprint analysis. Several such proteins were discovered, including PARP-1, hMutSbeta, DNA ligase III, XRCC1, and PNK. The photo-cross-linking approach was independently validated by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrating hMutSbeta binding to a cisplatin ICL. Proteins that recognize the platinum ICL were also identified in cisplatin-resistant cells, cells halted at various phases of the cell cycle, and in different carcinoma cells. Nuclear proteins that bind to the platinum ICL differ from those binding to intrastrand cross-links, indicating different mechanisms for disruption of cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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