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Xia Y, Xu Y, Zhou Y, Yu Y, Chen Y, Li C, Xia W, Tao J. Comparative genome analyses uncovered the cadmium resistance mechanism of enterobacter cloacae. INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SPANISH SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY 2023; 26:99-108. [PMID: 36136279 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) can be transported into plants from polluted soils and may cause animal and human diseases through food chains, which requires the development of highly efficient methods for soil Cd remediation. Although we isolated an Enterobacter cloacae strain Cu6 with Cd resistance, this strain cannot be used for soil Cd remediation due to its lower resistance. Here, we domesticated Cu6 and obtained a highly Cd-resistant strain, LPY6, and found that this strain can attenuate the toxic effects of Cd on wheat seedling growth. We deciphered the high Cd-resistance mechanism of LPY6 by genome comparative and genetic analysis. Compared with Cu6, 75 genes were mutated in LPY6. Thirty-four of these genes were deleted, and 41 had single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Most of these mutated proteins are involved in basic metabolism, substrate transport, stress response and formate and hydrogen metabolism. RNA quantitative analysis and promoter activity assays showed that the transcription or mRNA levels of two operons (cadA and norVW) in these mutated genes were regulated by Cd, zinc (Zn) or lead (Pb) ions, suggesting that these two operons might be required for Cd, Zn or Pb resistance. Expression of cadA and norVW operons in LPY6 partially recovered Cd susceptibility, demonstrating that CadA and NorVW are involved in Cd resistance in E. cloacae. Our findings illustrate that E. cloacae acquires Cd resistance through different pathways and lay a foundation for developing highly efficient methods for soil Cd remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xia
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Yufeng Xu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Yiling Zhou
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- College of Life Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Yinhua Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
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Solioz M. Copper Homeostasis in Gram-Positive Bacteria. SPRINGERBRIEFS IN MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-94439-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Inesi G. Molecular features of copper binding proteins involved in copper homeostasis. IUBMB Life 2016; 69:211-217. [PMID: 27896900 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Copper has a wide and important role in biological systems, determining conformation and activity of many metalloproteins and enzymes, such as cytochrome oxidase and superoxide dismutase . Furthermore, due to its possible reactivity with nonspecific proteins and toxic effects, elaborate systems of absorption, concentration buffering, delivery to specific protein sites and elimination, require a complex system including small carriers, chaperones and active transporters. The P-type copper ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B provide an important system for acquisition, active transport, distribution and elimination of copper. Relevance of copper metabolism to human diseases and therapy is already known. It is quite certain that further studies will reveal detailed and useful information on biochemical mechanisms and relevance to diseases. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 69(4):211-217, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Inesi
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
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Argüello JM, Patel SJ, Quintana J. Bacterial Cu(+)-ATPases: models for molecular structure-function studies. Metallomics 2016; 8:906-14. [PMID: 27465346 PMCID: PMC5025381 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00089d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The early discovery of the human Cu(+)-ATPases and their link to Menkes and Wilson's diseases brought attention to the unique role of these transporters in copper homeostasis. The characterization of bacterial Cu(+)-ATPases has significantly furthered our understanding of the structure, selectivity and transport mechanism of these enzymes, as well as their interplay with other elements of Cu(+) distribution networks. This review focuses on the structural-functional insights that have emerged from studies of bacterial Cu(+)-ATPases at the molecular level and how these observations have contributed to drawing up a comprehensive picture of cellular copper homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Argüello
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA.
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Abstract
Copper ATPases, in analogy with other members of the P-ATPase superfamily, contain a catalytic headpiece including an aspartate residue reacting with ATP to form a phosphoenzyme intermediate, and transmembrane helices containing cation-binding sites [TMBS (transmembrane metal-binding sites)] for catalytic activation and cation translocation. Following phosphoenzyme formation by utilization of ATP, bound copper undergoes displacement from the TMBS to the lumenal membrane surface, with no H+ exchange. Although PII-type ATPases sustain active transport of alkali/alkali-earth ions (i.e. Na+, Ca2+) against electrochemical gradients across defined membranes, PIB-type ATPases transfer transition metal ions (i.e. Cu+) from delivery to acceptor proteins and, prominently in mammalian cells, undergo trafficking from/to various membrane compartments. A specific component of copper ATPases is the NMBD (N-terminal metal-binding domain), containing up to six copper-binding sites in mammalian (ATP7A and ATP7B) enzymes. Copper occupancy of NMBD sites and interaction with the ATPase headpiece are required for catalytic activation. Furthermore, in the presence of copper, the NMBD allows interaction with protein kinase D, yielding phosphorylation of serine residues, ATP7B trafficking and protection from proteasome degradation. A specific feature of ATP7A is glycosylation and stabilization on plasma membranes. Cisplatin, a platinum-containing anti-cancer drug, binds to copper sites of ATP7A and ATP7B, and undergoes vectorial displacement in analogy with copper.
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Schushan M, Bhattacharjee A, Ben-Tal N, Lutsenko S. A structural model of the copper ATPase ATP7B to facilitate analysis of Wilson disease-causing mutations and studies of the transport mechanism. Metallomics 2012; 4:669-78. [PMID: 22692182 DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20025b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The copper-transporting ATPase ATP7B has an essential role in human physiology, particularly for the liver and brain function. Inactivation of ATP7B is associated with a severe hepato-neurologic disorder, Wilson disease (WD). Hundreds of WD related mutations have been identified in ATP7B to date. The low frequency and the compound-heterozygous nature of causative mutations complicate the analysis of individual mutants and the establishment of genotype-phenotype correlations. To facilitate studies of disease-causing mutations and mechanistic understanding of WD, we have homology-modelled the ATP7B core (residues 643-1377) using the recent structure of the bacterial copper-ATPase LCopA as a template. The model, supported by evolutionary conservation and hydrophobicity analysis, as well as existing and new mutagenesis data, allows molecular interpretations of experimentally characterized clinical mutations. We also illustrate that structure and conservation can be used to grade potential deleterious effects for many WD mutations, which were clinically detected but have not yet been experimentally characterized. Finally, we compare the structural features of ATP7B and LCopA and discuss specific features of the eukaryotic copper pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Schushan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Allen GS, Wu CC, Cardozo T, Stokes DL. The architecture of CopA from Archeaoglobus fulgidus studied by cryo-electron microscopy and computational docking. Structure 2011; 19:1219-32. [PMID: 21820315 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
CopA uses ATP to pump Cu(+) across cell membranes. X-ray crystallography has defined atomic structures of several related P-type ATPases. We have determined a structure of CopA at 10 Å resolution by cryo-electron microscopy of a new crystal form and used computational molecular docking to study the interactions between the N-terminal metal-binding domain (NMBD) and other elements of the molecule. We found that the shorter-chain lipids used to produce these crystals are associated with movements of the cytoplasmic domains, with a novel dimer interface and with disordering of the NMBD, thus offering evidence for the transience of its interaction with the other cytoplasmic domains. Docking identified a binding site that matched the location of the NMBD in our previous structure by cryo-electron microscopy, allowing a more detailed view of its binding configuration and further support for its role in autoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Allen
- Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Inesi G. Calcium and copper transport ATPases: analogies and diversities in transduction and signaling mechanisms. J Cell Commun Signal 2011; 5:227-37. [PMID: 21656155 PMCID: PMC3145875 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-011-0136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium transport ATPase and the copper transport ATPase are members of the P-ATPase family and retain an analogous catalytic mechanism for ATP utilization, including intermediate phosphoryl transfer to a conserved aspartyl residue, vectorial displacement of bound cation, and final hydrolytic cleavage of Pi. Both ATPases undergo protein conformational changes concomitant with catalytic events. Yet, the two ATPases are prototypes of different features with regard to transduction and signaling mechanisms. The calcium ATPase resides stably on membranes delimiting cellular compartments, acquires free Ca2+ with high affinity on one side of the membrane, and releases the bound Ca2+ on the other side of the membrane to yield a high free Ca2+ gradient. These features are a basic requirement for cellular Ca2+ signaling mechanisms. On the other hand, the copper ATPase acquires copper through exchange with donor proteins, and undergoes intracellular trafficking to deliver copper to acceptor proteins. In addition to the cation transport site and the conserved aspartate undergoing catalytic phosphorylation, the copper ATPase has copper binding regulatory sites on a unique N-terminal protein extension, and has also serine residues undergoing kinase assisted phosphorylation. These additional features are involved in the mechanism of copper ATPase intracellular trafficking which is required to deliver copper to plasma membranes for extrusion, and to the trans-Golgi network for incorporation into metalloproteins. Isoform specific glyocosylation contributes to stabilization of ATP7A copper ATPase in plasma membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Inesi
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, 475 Brannan Street, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA,
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Cellular copper levels determine the phenotype of the Arg875 variant of ATP7B/Wilson disease protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:5390-5. [PMID: 21406592 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1014959108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In human disorders, the genotype-phenotype relationships are often complex and influenced by genetic and/or environmental factors. Wilson disease (WD) is a monogenic disorder caused by mutations in the copper-transporting P-type ATPase ATP7B. WD shows significant phenotypic diversity even in patients carrying identical mutations; the basis for such diverse manifestations is unknown. We demonstrate that the 2623A/G polymorphism (producing the Gly(875) → Arg substitution in the A-domain of ATP7B) drastically alters the intracellular properties of ATP7B, whereas copper reverses the effects. Under basal conditions, the common Gly(875) variant of ATP7B is targeted to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and transports copper into the TGN lumen. In contrast, the Arg(875) variant is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and does not deliver copper to the TGN. Elevated copper corrects the ATP7B-Arg(875) phenotype. Addition of only 0.5-5 μM copper triggers the exit of ATP7B-Arg(875) from the ER and restores copper delivery to the TGN. Analysis of the recombinant A-domains by NMR suggests that the ER retention of ATP7B-Arg(875) is attributable to increased unfolding of the Arg(875)-containing A-domain. Copper is not required for the folding of ATP7B-Arg(875) during biosynthesis, but it stabilizes protein and stimulates its activity. A chemotherapeutical drug, cisplatin, that mimics a copper-bound state of ATP7B also corrects the "disease-like" phenotype of ATP7B-Arg(875) and promotes its TGN targeting and transport function. We conclude that in populations harboring the Arg(875) polymorphism, the levels of bioavailable copper may play a vital role in the manifestations of WD.
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Lutsenko S. Human copper homeostasis: a network of interconnected pathways. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2010; 14:211-7. [PMID: 20117961 PMCID: PMC6365103 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Copper plays an essential role in normal human physiology. Copper misbalance affects heart development, CNS and liver function, influences lipid metabolism, inflammation, and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Recent studies yielded new information on the structure, function, and regulation of human copper transporters, uncovered unanticipated functions for copper chaperones, and established connections between copper homeostasis and other metabolic pathways. It has become apparent that the copper trafficking machinery is regulated at several levels and that the cross-talk between cell compartments contributes to the intracellular copper balance. The human copper regulon is emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Mazzitelli LR, Rinaldi DE, Corradi GR, Adamo HP. The plasma membrane Ca2+ pump catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP at low rate in the absence of Ca2+. Arch Biochem Biophys 2009; 495:62-6. [PMID: 20035709 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase catalyzed the hydrolysis of ATP in the presence of millimolar concentrations of EGTA and no added Ca2+ at a rate near 1.5% of that attained at saturating concentrations of Ca2+. Like the Ca-dependent ATPase, the Ca-independent activity was lower when the enzyme was autoinhibited, and increased when the enzyme was activated by acidic lipids or partial proteolysis. The ATP concentration dependence of the Ca2+-independent ATPase was consistent with ATP binding to the low affinity modulatory site. In this condition a small amount of hydroxylamine-sensitive phosphoenzyme was formed and rapidly decayed when chased with cold ATP. We propose that the Ca2+-independent ATP hydrolysis reflects the well known phosphatase activity which is maximal in the absence of Ca2+ and is catalyzed by E(2)-like forms of the enzyme. In agreement with this idea pNPP, a classic phosphatase substrate was a very effective inhibitor of the ATP hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana R Mazzitelli
- IQUIFIB-Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Barry AN, Shinde U, Lutsenko S. Structural organization of human Cu-transporting ATPases: learning from building blocks. J Biol Inorg Chem 2009; 15:47-59. [PMID: 19851794 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-009-0595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Copper-transporting ATPases (Cu-ATPases) ATP7A and ATP7B play an essential role in human physiological function. Their primary function is to deliver copper to the secretory pathway and export excess copper from the cell for removal or further utilization. Cells employ Cu-ATPases in numerous physiological processes that include the biosynthesis of copper-dependent enzymes, lactation, and response to hypoxia. Biochemical studies of human Cu-ATPases and their orthologs have demonstrated that Cu-ATPases share many common structural and mechanistic characteristics with other members of the P-type ATPase family. Nevertheless, the Cu-ATPases have a unique coordinate environment for their ligands, copper and ATP, and additional domains that are required for sophisticated regulation of their intracellular localization and activity. Here, we review recent progress that has been made in understanding the structure of Cu-ATPases from the analysis of their individual domains and orthologs from microorganisms, and speculate about the implications of these findings for the function and regulation of human copper pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N Barry
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Kaplan JH, Lutsenko S. Copper transport in mammalian cells: special care for a metal with special needs. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:25461-5. [PMID: 19602511 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r109.031286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper plays an essential role in human physiology. It is required for respiration, radical defense, neuronal myelination, angiogenesis, and many other processes. Copper has distinct physicochemical properties that pose uncommon challenges for its transport across biological membranes. Only small amounts of copper are present in biological fluids, and essentially none of it exists in a free ion form. These properties and the low redox potential of copper dictate special structural and mechanistic features in copper transporters. This minireview discusses molecular mechanisms through which copper enters and exits human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack H Kaplan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
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