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Rolo D, Schöttler MA, Sandoval-Ibáñez O, Bock R. Structure, function, and assembly of PSI in thylakoid membranes of vascular plants. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:4080-4108. [PMID: 38848316 PMCID: PMC11449065 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The photosynthetic apparatus is formed by thylakoid membrane-embedded multiprotein complexes that carry out linear electron transport in oxygenic photosynthesis. The machinery is largely conserved from cyanobacteria to land plants, and structure and function of the protein complexes involved are relatively well studied. By contrast, how the machinery is assembled in thylakoid membranes remains poorly understood. The complexes participating in photosynthetic electron transfer are composed of many proteins, pigments, and redox-active cofactors, whose temporally and spatially highly coordinated incorporation is essential to build functional mature complexes. Several proteins, jointly referred to as assembly factors, engage in the biogenesis of these complexes to bring the components together in a step-wise manner, in the right order and time. In this review, we focus on the biogenesis of the terminal protein supercomplex of the photosynthetic electron transport chain, PSI, in vascular plants. We summarize our current knowledge of the assembly process and the factors involved and describe the challenges associated with resolving the assembly pathway in molecular detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rolo
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mark A Schöttler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Omar Sandoval-Ibáñez
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Zhang A, Tian L, Zhu T, Li M, Sun M, Fang Y, Zhang Y, Lu C. Uncovering the photosystem I assembly pathway in land plants. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:645-660. [PMID: 38503963 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is one of two large pigment-protein complexes responsible for converting solar energy into chemical energy in all oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. The PSI supercomplex consists of the PSI core complex and peripheral light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) in eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms. However, how the PSI complex assembles in land plants is unknown. Here we describe PHOTOSYSTEM I BIOGENESIS FACTOR 8 (PBF8), a thylakoid-anchored protein in Arabidopsis thaliana that is required for PSI assembly. PBF8 regulates two key consecutive steps in this process, the building of two assembly intermediates comprising eight or nine subunits, by interacting with PSI core subunits. We identified putative PBF8 orthologues in charophytic algae and land plants but not in Cyanobacteria or Chlorophyta. Our data reveal the major PSI assembly pathway in land plants. Our findings suggest that novel assembly mechanisms evolved during plant terrestrialization to regulate PSI assembly, perhaps as a means to cope with terrestrial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Mengyu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Mengwei Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
| | - Congming Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.
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Teodor AH, Bruce BD. Putting Photosystem I to Work: Truly Green Energy. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:1329-1342. [PMID: 32448469 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Meeting growing energy demands sustainably is one of the greatest challenges facing the world. The sun strikes the Earth with sufficient energy in 1.5 h to meet annual world energy demands, likely making solar energy conversion part of future sustainable energy production plans. Photosynthetic organisms have been evolving solar energy utilization strategies for nearly 3.5 billion years, making reaction centers including the remarkably stable Photosystem I (PSI) especially interesting for biophotovoltaic device integration. Although these biohybrid devices have steadily improved, their output remains low compared with traditional photovoltaics. We discuss strategies and methods to improve PSI-based biophotovoltaics, focusing on PSI-surface interaction enhancement, electrolytes, and light-harvesting enhancement capabilities. Desirable features and current drawbacks to PSI-based devices are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra H Teodor
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Barry D Bruce
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Ishara Silva K, Jagannathan B, Golbeck JH, Lakshmi KV. Elucidating the design principles of photosynthetic electron-transfer proteins by site-directed spin labeling EPR spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1857:548-556. [PMID: 26334844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Site-directed spin labeling electron paramagnetic resonance (SDSL EPR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool to determine solvent accessibility, side-chain dynamics, and inter-spin distances at specific sites in biological macromolecules. This information provides important insights into the structure and dynamics of both natural and designed proteins and protein complexes. Here, we discuss the application of SDSL EPR spectroscopy in probing the charge-transfer cofactors in photosynthetic reaction centers (RC) such as photosystem I (PSI) and the bacterial reaction center (bRC). Photosynthetic RCs are large multi-subunit proteins (molecular weight≥300 kDa) that perform light-driven charge transfer reactions in photosynthesis. These reactions are carried out by cofactors that are paramagnetic in one of their oxidation states. This renders the RCs unsuitable for conventional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigations. However, the presence of native paramagnetic centers and the ability to covalently attach site-directed spin labels in RCs makes them ideally suited for the application of SDSL EPR spectroscopy. The paramagnetic centers serve as probes of conformational changes, dynamics of subunit assembly, and the relative motion of cofactors and peptide subunits. In this review, we describe novel applications of SDSL EPR spectroscopy for elucidating the effects of local structure and dynamics on the electron-transfer cofactors of photosynthetic RCs. Because SDSL EPR Spectroscopy is uniquely suited to provide dynamic information on protein motion, it is a particularly useful method in the engineering and analysis of designed electron transfer proteins and protein networks. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Biodesign for Bioenergetics--the design and engineering of electronic transfer cofactors, proteins and protein networks, edited by Ronald L. Koder and J.L. Ross Anderson.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ishara Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180; The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Bharat Jagannathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - John H Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.
| | - K V Lakshmi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180; The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180.
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Dunkel S, Pulagam LP, Steinhoff HJ, Klare JP. In vivo EPR on spin labeled colicin A reveals an oligomeric assembly of the pore-forming domain in E. coli membranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:4875-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05638h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
DEER distance measurements on intact Escherichia coli cells interacting with nitroxide spin-labeled ColA suggest that this bacteriocin forms dimers upon membrane insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Dunkel
- Department of Physics
- University of Osnabrück
- 49076 Osnabrück
- Germany
| | - L. P. Pulagam
- Department of Physics
- University of Osnabrück
- 49076 Osnabrück
- Germany
| | - H.-J. Steinhoff
- Department of Physics
- University of Osnabrück
- 49076 Osnabrück
- Germany
| | - J. P. Klare
- Department of Physics
- University of Osnabrück
- 49076 Osnabrück
- Germany
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Joaquín-Ramos A, Huerta-Ocampo JÁ, Barrera-Pacheco A, De León-Rodríguez A, Baginsky S, Barba de la Rosa AP. Comparative proteomic analysis of amaranth mesophyll and bundle sheath chloroplasts and their adaptation to salt stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1423-1435. [PMID: 25046763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of salt stress was analyzed in chloroplasts of Amaranthus cruentus var. Amaranteca, a plant NAD-malic enzyme (NAD-ME) type. Morphology of chloroplasts from bundle sheath (BSC) and mesophyll (MC) was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). BSC and MC from control plants showed similar morphology, however under stress, changes in BSC were observed. The presence of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining in both types of chloroplasts. Proteomic profiles of thylakoid protein complexes from BSC and MC, and their changes induced by salt stress were analyzed by blue-native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by SDS-PAGE (2-D BN/SDS-PAGE). Differentially accumulated protein spots were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Although A. cruentus photosynthetic tissue showed the Kranz anatomy, the thylakoid proteins showed some differences at photosystem structure level. Our results suggest that A. cruentus var. Amaranteca could be better classified as a C3-C4 photosynthetic plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahuitzolt Joaquín-Ramos
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., Camino a la Presa San José No. 2055, Lomas 4a Sección, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. 78216, Mexico
| | - José Á Huerta-Ocampo
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., Camino a la Presa San José No. 2055, Lomas 4a Sección, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. 78216, Mexico
| | - Alberto Barrera-Pacheco
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., Camino a la Presa San José No. 2055, Lomas 4a Sección, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. 78216, Mexico
| | - Antonio De León-Rodríguez
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., Camino a la Presa San José No. 2055, Lomas 4a Sección, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. 78216, Mexico
| | - Sacha Baginsky
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Biochemie, Abteilung Pflanzenbiochemie, Weinbergweg 22 (Biozentrum), 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ana P Barba de la Rosa
- IPICyT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., Camino a la Presa San José No. 2055, Lomas 4a Sección, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. 78216, Mexico.
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Tikkanen M, Grieco M, Nurmi M, Rantala M, Suorsa M, Aro EM. Regulation of the photosynthetic apparatus under fluctuating growth light. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 367:3486-93. [PMID: 23148275 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Safe and efficient conversion of solar energy to metabolic energy by plants is based on tightly inter-regulated transfer of excitation energy, electrons and protons in the photosynthetic machinery according to the availability of light energy, as well as the needs and restrictions of metabolism itself. Plants have mechanisms to enhance the capture of energy when light is limited for growth and development. Also, when energy is in excess, the photosynthetic machinery slows down the electron transfer reactions in order to prevent the production of reactive oxygen species and the consequent damage of the photosynthetic machinery. In this opinion paper, we present a partially hypothetical scheme describing how the photosynthetic machinery controls the flow of energy and electrons in order to enable the maintenance of photosynthetic activity in nature under continual fluctuations in white light intensity. We discuss the roles of light-harvesting II protein phosphorylation, thermal dissipation of excess energy and the control of electron transfer by cytochrome b(6)f, and the role of dynamically regulated turnover of photosystem II in the maintenance of the photosynthetic machinery. We present a new hypothesis suggesting that most of the regulation in the thylakoid membrane occurs in order to prevent oxidative damage of photosystem I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Tikkanen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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9
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Jagannathan B, Shen G, Golbeck JH. The Evolution of Type I Reaction Centers: The Response to Oxygenic Photosynthesis. FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS AND EVOLUTION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC SYSTEMS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-1533-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Schöttler MA, Albus CA, Bock R. Photosystem I: its biogenesis and function in higher plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:1452-61. [PMID: 21255865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI), the plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase of the photosynthetic electron transport chain, is one of the largest bioenergetic complexes known. It is composed of subunits encoded in both the chloroplast genome and the nuclear genome and thus, its assembly requires an intricate coordination of gene expression and intensive communication between the two compartments. In this review, we first briefly describe PSI structure and then focus on recent findings on the role of the two small chloroplast genome-encoded subunits PsaI and PsaJ in the stability and function of PSI in higher plants. We then address the sequence of PSI biogenesis, discuss the role of auxiliary proteins involved in cofactor insertion into the PSI apoproteins and in the establishment of protein-protein interactions during subunit assembly. Finally, we consider potential limiting steps of PSI biogenesis, and how they may contribute to the control of PSI accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Aurel Schöttler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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