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Wang J, Yang J, Huang W, Huang W, Jia R. A mutant R70V/E166A of short manganese peroxidase showing Mn 2+-independent dye decolorization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2303-2319. [PMID: 36843195 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Il-MnP1, a short-type manganese peroxidase from Irpex lacteus F17, can oxidize some substrates in the absence of Mn2+, but the catalysis was much lower than in the presence of Mn2+. Here, we report a mutant R70V/E166A of Il-MnP1 with some unique properties, which possessed clearly higher catalysis for the decolorization of anthraquinone and azo dyes in the absence of Mn2+ than that of Il-MnP1. Importantly, the optimum pH of R70V/E166A for decolorization of anthraquinone dyes (Reactive Blue 19, RB19) was 6.5, and the mutant achieved high decolorization activities in the range of pH 4.0-7.0, whereas Il-MnP1 only showed decolorization for RB19 at pH 3.5-4.0. In addition, the optimum H2O2 concentration of R70V/E166A for RB19 decolorization was eight times that of Il-MnP1 and the H2O2 stability has improved 1.4 times compared with Il-MnP1. Furthermore, Mn2+ competitively inhibited the oxidation of RB19 by R70V/E166A, explaining the higher catalytic activity of the mutant R70V/E166A in the absence of Mn2+. Molecular docking results suggested that RB19 binds to the distal side of the heme plane in mutant R70V/E166A, which extended from the heme δ-side to the heme γ-side, and close to the mutated residues of R70V and E166A, whereas RB19 could not access the heme pocket of Il-MnP1 due to the steric hindrance of the side-chain group of Arg 70. Thus, this study constructed a useful mutant R70V/E166A and analyzed its higher Mn2+-independent activity, which is very important for better understanding the Mn2+-independent catalytic mechanism for short manganese peroxidases. KEY POINTS: • The mutant R70V/E166A of atypical MnP1 of I. lacteus F17 shows unique catalytic properties. • At pH 6.5, the R70V/E166A had a strong ability to decolorize anthraquinone dyes in the absence of Mn2+. • The binding sites of Reactive Blue 19 in mutant R70V/E166A were elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Wang
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Economic and Technology Development Zone, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China, 230601
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Economic and Technology Development Zone, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China, 230601
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wenhan Huang
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Economic and Technology Development Zone, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China, 230601
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Economic and Technology Development Zone, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China, 230601
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Rong Jia
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Economic and Technology Development Zone, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China, 230601.
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
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Lin YW. Biodegradation of aromatic pollutants by metalloenzymes: A structural-functional-environmental perspective. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Aerobic organisms have evolved to activate oxygen from the atmosphere, which allows them to catalyze the oxidation of different kinds of substrates. This activation of oxygen is achieved by a metal center (usually iron or copper) buried within a metalloprotein. In the case of iron-containing heme enzymes, the activation of oxygen is achieved by formation of transient iron-oxo (ferryl) intermediates; these intermediates are called Compound I and Compound II. The Compound I and II intermediates were first discovered in the 1930s in horseradish peroxidase, and it is now known that these same species are used across the family of heme enzymes, which include all of the peroxidases, the heme catalases, the P450s, cytochrome c oxidase, and NO synthase. Many years have passed since the first observations, but establishing the chemical nature of these transient ferryl species remains a fundamental question that is relevant to the reactivity, and therefore the usefulness, of these species in biology. This Account summarizes experiments that were conceived and conducted at Leicester and presents our ideas on the chemical nature, stability, and reactivity of these ferryl heme species. We begin by briefly summarizing the early milestones in the field, from the 1940s and 1950s. We present comparisons between the nature and reactivity of the ferryl species in horseradish peroxidase, cytochrome c peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase; and we consider different modes of electron delivery to ferryl heme, from different substrates in different peroxidases. We address the question of whether the ferryl heme is best formulated as an (unprotonated) FeIV═O or as a (protonated) FeIV-OH species. A range of spectroscopic approaches (EXAFS, resonance Raman, Mossbauer, and EPR) have been used over many decades to examine this question, and in the last ten years, X-ray crystallography has also been employed. We describe how information from all of these studies has blended together to create an overall picture, and how the recent application of neutron crystallography has directly identified protonation states and has helped to clarify the precise nature of the ferryl heme in cytochrome c peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase. We draw comparisons between the Compound I and Compound II species that we have observed in peroxidases with those found in other heme systems, notably the P450s, highlighting possible commonality across these heme ferryl systems. The identification of proton locations from neutron structures of these ferryl species opens the door for understanding the proton translocations that need to occur during O-O bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C. E. Moody
- Department
of Molecular and Cell Biology and Leicester Institute of Structural
and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, England
| | - Emma L. Raven
- Department
of Chemistry and Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K
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Maijala P, Harrington TC, Raudaskoski M. A peroxidase gene family and gene trees inHeterobasidionand related genera. Mycologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2004.11833106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Maijala
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, P.O. Box 56, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas C. Harrington
- Department of Plant Pathology, 351 Bessey Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Marjatta Raudaskoski
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Plant Physiology, P.O. Box 56, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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Wang N, Ren K, Jia R, Chen W, Sun R. Expression of a fungal manganese peroxidase in Escherichia coli: a comparison between the soluble and refolded enzymes. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:87. [PMID: 27908283 PMCID: PMC5134096 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese peroxidase (MnP) from Irpex lacteus F17 has been shown to have a strong ability to degrade recalcitrant aromatic pollutants. In this study, a recombinant MnP from I. lacteus F17 was expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) in the form of inclusion bodies, which were refolded to achieve an active enzyme. Further, we optimized the in vitro refolding conditions to increase the recovery yield of the recombinant protein production. Additionally, we attempted to express recombinant MnP in soluble form in E. coli, and compared its activity with that of refolded MnP. RESULTS Refolded MnP was obtained by optimizing the in vitro refolding conditions, and soluble MnP was produced in the presence of four additives, TritonX-100, Tween-80, ethanol, and glycerol, through incubation at 16 °C. Hemin and Ca2+ supplementation was crucial for the activity of the recombinant protein. Compared with refolded MnP, soluble MnP showed low catalytic efficiencies for Mn2+ and H2O2 substrates, but the two enzymes had an identical, broad range substrate specificity, and the ability to decolorize azo dyes. Furthermore, their enzymatic spectral characteristics were analysed by circular dichroism (CD), electronic absorption spectrum (UV-VIS), fluorescence and Raman spectra, indicating the differences in protein conformation between soluble and refolded MnP. Subsequently, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses demonstrated that refolded MnP was a good monomer in solution, while soluble MnP predominantly existed in the oligomeric status. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that two forms of recombinant MnP could be expressed in E. coli by varying the culture conditions during protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Economic and Technology Development Zone, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Ren
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Economic and Technology Development Zone, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Jia
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Economic and Technology Development Zone, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenting Chen
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Economic and Technology Development Zone, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruirui Sun
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Economic and Technology Development Zone, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China
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Gonzalez-Perez D, Garcia-Ruiz E, Ruiz-Dueñas FJ, Martinez AT, Alcalde M. Structural Determinants of Oxidative Stabilization in an Evolved Versatile Peroxidase. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs501218v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Gonzalez-Perez
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Garcia-Ruiz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | | | - Angel T. Martinez
- Biological Research Centre, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Bao X, Huang X, Lu X, Li JJ. Improvement of hydrogen peroxide stability of Pleurotus eryngii versatile ligninolytic peroxidase by rational protein engineering. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 54:51-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Zhou XW, Cong WR, Su KQ, Zhang YM. Ligninolytic enzymes fromGanodermaspp: Current status and potential applications. Crit Rev Microbiol 2012; 39:416-26. [DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2012.722606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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9
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Ufot UF, Akpanabiatu MI. An engineered <i>Phlebia radiata</i> manganese peroxidase: expression, refolding, purification and preliminary characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ajmb.2012.24037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Ye L, Spiteller D, Ullrich R, Boland W, Nüske J, Diekert G. Fluoride-Dependent Conversion of Organic Compounds Mediated by Manganese Peroxidases in the Absence of Mn2+ Ions. Biochemistry 2010; 49:7264-71. [DOI: 10.1021/bi100831w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Ye
- Department of Applied and Ecological Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Dieter Spiteller
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - René Ullrich
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, International Graduate School, 02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg Nüske
- Department of Applied and Ecological Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gabriele Diekert
- Department of Applied and Ecological Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Yadav RK, Dolai S, Pal S, Adak S. Role of C-terminal acidic cluster in stabilization of heme spin state of ascorbate peroxidase from Leishmania major. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 495:129-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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LIN L, LIN ZW, GUO WN, YANG J, WANG SH. Screening and cloning ligninolytic strain and cellulase gene expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1011.2009.00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Huang ST, Tzean SS, Tsai BY, Hsieh HJ. Cloning and heterologous expression of a novel ligninolytic peroxidase gene from poroid brown-rot fungus Antrodia cinnamomea. Microbiology (Reading) 2009; 155:424-433. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.022459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel ligninolytic peroxidase gene (ACLnP) was cloned and characterized from a poroid brown-rot fungus, Antrodia cinnamomea. The genomic DNA of the fungus harboured two copies of ACLnP, with a length of 2111 bp, interlaced with 12 introns, while the full-length cDNA was 1183 bp, with a 66 bp signal peptide and an ORF of 990 bp. The three-dimensional molecular structure model was comparable to that of the versatile peroxidase of Pleurotus eryngii. ACLnP was cloned into vector pQE31, successfully expressed in Escherichia coli strain M15 under the control of the T5 promoter and produced a non-glycosylated protein of about 38 kDa, pI 5.42. The native and recombinant ACLnP was capable of oxidizing the redox mediator veratryl alcohol, and also decolorized bromophenol blue and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol dyes, implicating a functional extracellular peroxidase activity. The significance of discovering a functional ACLnP gene in A. cinnamomea in terms of wood degradation and colonization capacity in its unique niche is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. T. Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - S. S. Tzean
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - B. Y. Tsai
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - H. J. Hsieh
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
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14
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Banci L, Bartalesi I, Ciofi-Baffoni S, Tien M. Unfolding and pH studies on manganese peroxidase: role of heme and calcium on secondary structure stability. Biopolymers 2004; 72:38-47. [PMID: 12400090 DOI: 10.1002/bip.10283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The present study characterizes the unfolding and folding processes of recombinant manganese peroxidase. This enzyme contains five disulfide bonds, two calcium ions, and one heme prosthetic group. Circular dichroism in the far UV was used to monitor global changes of the protein secondary structure, whereas UV-visible spectroscopy of the Soret band provided information about local changes in the heme cavity. The effects of reducing agents, oxidizing agents, and denaturants on this process were investigated. In addition to affecting the secondary structure content, these factors also affect the binding of the heme and the calcium ions, both of which have a significant effect on the folding process. Our results also show that denaturants induce irreversible changes, which are most likely due to the inability of the denatured protein to rebind either calcium or the heme. Breaking of disulfide bonds by 30 mM dithiothreitol causes complete unfolding of recombinant manganese peroxidase. The unfolding process was also studied at low and high pH, where the protein reaches the final unfolded state through two different intermediate states. The data also indicate that only the acidic folding-unfolding process is reversible. Our results indicate a complex synergistic relationship between the secondary structure content, the tertiary structure arrangement, and the binding of the heme and the calcium ions and disulfide bridge formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Banci
- Magnetic Resonance Center CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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15
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Feng M, Tachikawa H, Wang X, Pfister TD, Gengenbach AJ, Lu Y. Resonance Raman spectroscopy of cytochrome c peroxidase variants that mimic manganese peroxidase. J Biol Inorg Chem 2003; 8:699-706. [PMID: 14505074 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-003-0460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2002] [Accepted: 03/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c peroxidase (C cP) variants with an engineered Mn(II) binding site, including MnC cP [C cP(MI, G41E, V45E, H181D)], MnC cP(W191F), and MnC cP(W191F, W51F), that mimic manganese peroxidase (MnP), have been characterized by resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy. Analysis of the Raman bands in the 200-700 cm(-1) and 1300-1650 cm(-1) regions indicates that both the coordination and spin state of the heme iron in the variants differ from that of C cP(MI), the recombinant yeast C cP containing additional Met-Ile residues at the N-terminus. At neutral pH the frequencies of the nu(3) mode indicate that a pure five-coordinate heme iron exists in C cP(MI) whereas a six-coordinate low-spin iron is the dominant species in the C cP variants with the engineered Mn(II) binding site. The H181D mutation, which weakens the proximal linkage to the heme iron, may be responsible for these spectral and structural changes. Raman spectra of the variants C cP(MI, W191F) and C cP(MI, W191F, W51F) were also obtained to clarify the structural and functional roles of mutations at two tryptophan sites. The W51F mutation was found to disrupt H-bonding to the distal water molecules and the resulting variants tended to form transitional or mixed coordination states that possess spectral and structural features similar to that of MnP. Such structural features, with a loosened distal water, may facilitate the binding of H(2)O(2) and increase the rate constant for compound I formation. This effect, in addition to the elimination of an H-bond to ferryl oxygen by the same mutation, accounts for the increased MnP specific activity of MnC cP(W191F, W51F).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manliang Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Box 17910, Jackson, MS 39217-0510, USA
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16
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Martı́nez AT. Molecular biology and structure-function of lignin-degrading heme peroxidases. Enzyme Microb Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(01)00521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Howes BD, Feis A, Raimondi L, Indiani C, Smulevich G. The critical role of the proximal calcium ion in the structural properties of horseradish peroxidase. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:40704-11. [PMID: 11546788 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m107489200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent to which the structural Ca(2+) ions of horseradish peroxidase (HRPC) are a determinant in defining the heme pocket architecture is investigated by electronic absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopy upon removal of one Ca(2+) ion. The Fe(III) heme states are modified upon Ca(2+) depletion, with an uncommon quantum mechanically mixed spin state becoming the dominant species. Ca(2+)-depleted HRPC forms complexes with benzohydroxamic acid and CO which display spectra very similar to those of native HRPC, indicating that any changes to the distal cavity structural properties upon Ca(2+) depletion are easily reversed. Contrary to the native protein, the Ca(2+)-depleted ferrous form displays a low-spin bis-histidyl heme state and a small proportion of high-spin heme. Furthermore, the nu(Fe-Im) stretching mode downshifts 27 cm(-1) upon Ca(2+) depletion revealing a significant structural perturbation of the proximal cavity near the histidine ligand. The specific activity of the Ca(2+)-depleted enzyme is 50% that of the native form. The effects on enzyme activity and spectral features observed upon Ca(2+) depletion are reversible upon reconstitution. Evaluation of the present and previous data firmly favors the proximal Ca(2+) ion as that which is lost upon Ca(2+) depletion and which likely plays the more critical role in regulating the heme pocket structural and catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Howes
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Firenze, Via G. Capponi 9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
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18
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Howes BD, Veitch NC, Smith AT, White CG, Smulevich G. Haem-linked interactions in horseradish peroxidase revealed by spectroscopic analysis of the Phe-221-->Met mutant. Biochem J 2001; 353:181-91. [PMID: 11139379 PMCID: PMC1221557 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3530181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A gene encoding a Phe-221-to-Met substitution in the haem enzyme horseradish peroxidase has been constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. In the wild-type enzyme the side chain of Phe-221 is tightly stacked against the imidazole ring of His-170, which provides the only axial ligand to the haem iron atom. The Phe-221-->Met enzyme is active, and forms characteristic complexes with typical peroxidase ligands (CO, cyanide, fluoride), and with benzhydroxamic acid. Significant differences between the mutant and wild-type enzymes can be detected spectroscopically. These include a change in the Fe(III) resting state of the enzyme to an unusual quantum mechanically mixed-spin haem species, a marked decrease in the pK(a) of the alkaline transition and a reduction in enzyme stability at alkaline pH for both Fe(III) and Fe(II) forms. The perturbation of the haem pocket in the mutant can be attributed to several factors, including the increased steric freedom and solvent accessibility of the His-170 ligand, as indicated by (1)H-NMR data, and the loss of the pi-pi interaction between His-170 and Phe-221.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Howes
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Firenze, Via G. Capponi 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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Santucci R, Bongiovanni C, Marini S, Tien M, Banci L, Coletta M. Redox equilibria of manganese peroxidase from Phanerochaetes chrysosporium: functional role of residues on the proximal side of the haem pocket. Biochem J 2000; 349:85-90. [PMID: 10861214 PMCID: PMC1221123 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3490085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Redox potentials of recombinant manganese peroxidase from Phanerochaetes chrysosporium have been measured by cyclic voltammetry as a function of pH, between pH 4.5 and pH 10.5. They display a bimodal behaviour (characterized by an 'alkaline' and an 'acid' transition), which indicates that (at least) two protonating groups change their pK(b) values upon reduction (and/or oxidation) of the iron atom in haem. Analogous measurements have been carried out on four site-directed mutants involving residues in close proximity to the proximal ligand, His(173), in order to investigate the role played by residues of the proximal haem pocket on the redox properties of this enzyme. Results obtained suggest that the protonation state of N(delta) of the proximal imidazole group is redox-linked and that it is crucial in regulating the 'alkaline' transition. On the other hand, none of the proximal mutants alters the 'acid' transition, suggesting that it is modulated by groups located in a different portion of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Santucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via di Tor Vergata 135, I-00133 Roma, Italy
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Li B, Rotsaert FA, Gold MH, Renganathan V. Homologous expression of recombinant cellobiose dehydrogenase in Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 270:141-6. [PMID: 10733918 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a novel extracellular hemoflavoenzyme from Phanerochaete chrysosporium and is produced only in cultures supplemented with cellulose. In this report, CDH from P. chrysosporium has been homologously expressed in cultures supplemented with glucose as the sole carbon source when no endogenous CDH is expressed. This was achieved by placing the cdh-1 gene under the control of the D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) promoter (1.1 kb) fused upstream of the ATG start codon of cdh-1. The gpd promoter-chd-1 construct was inserted into the multiple cloning site of the expression vector pOGI18, which contained the Schizophyllum commune ade5 as a selectable marker. The P. chrysosporium ade1 auxotrophic strain OGC107-1 was transformed with the pAGC1 construct, and the prototrophic transformants were assayed for CDH activity. Approximately 50% of the Ade(+) transformants exhibited CDH activity in the extracellular medium of stationary cultures. At least one of the transformants produced high levels (500-600 U/liter) of recombinant CDH (rCDH). Purification by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephacryl S-200 chromatography, and FPLC using a Mono-Q 5/5 column yielded homogeneous rCDH. Physical, spectral, and kinetic characteristics of purified homologously expressed rCDH were similar to those of wild-type CDH. This expression system will enable site-directed mutagenesis studies to be carried out on CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology, 20000 N.W. Walker Road, Beaverton, Oregon 97006-8921, USA
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Sollewijn Gelpke MD, Mayfield-Gambill M, Lin Cereghino GP, Gold MH. Homologous expression of recombinant lignin peroxidase in Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:1670-4. [PMID: 10103266 PMCID: PMC91236 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.4.1670-1674.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) promoter was used to drive expression of lip2, the gene encoding lignin peroxidase (LiP) isozyme H8, in primary metabolic cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The expression vector, pUGL, also contained the Schizophyllum commune ura1 gene as a selectable marker. pUGL was used to transform a P. chrysosporium Ura11 auxotroph to prototrophy. Ura+ transformants were screened for peroxidase activity in liquid cultures containing high-carbon and high-nitrogen medium. Recombinant LiP (rLiP) was secreted in active form by the transformants after 4 days of growth, whereas endogenous lip genes were not expressed under these conditions. Approximately 2 mg of homogeneous rLiP/liter was obtained after purification. The molecular mass, pI, and optical absorption spectrum of rLiPH8 were essentially identical to those of the wild-type LiPh8 (wt LiPH8), indicating that heme insertion, folding, and secretion functioned normally in the transformant. Steady-state and transient-state kinetic properties for the oxidation of veratryl alcohol between wtLiPH8 and rLiPH8 were also identical.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Sollewijn Gelpke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology, Portland, Oregon 97291-1000, USA
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Ruiz-Dueñas FJ, Martínez MJ, Martínez AT. Molecular characterization of a novel peroxidase isolated from the ligninolytic fungus Pleurotus eryngii. Mol Microbiol 1999; 31:223-35. [PMID: 9987124 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A haem peroxidase different from other microbial, plant and animal peroxidases is described. The enzyme is secreted as two isoforms by dikaryotic Pleurotus eryngii in peptone-containing liquid medium. The corresponding gene, which presents 15 introns and encodes a 361-amino-acid protein with a 30-amino-acid signal peptide, was isolated as two alleles corresponding to the two isoforms. The alleles differ in three amino acid residues and in a seven nucleotide deletion affecting a single metal response element in the promoter. When compared with Phanerochaete chrysosporium peroxidases, the new enzyme appears closer to lignin peroxidase (LiP) than to Mn-dependent peroxidase (MnP) isoenzymes (58-60% and 55% identity respectively). The molecular model built using crystal structures of three fungal peroxidases as templates, also showed high structural affinity with LiP (C alpha-distance 1.2 A). However, this peroxidase includes a Mn2+ binding site formed by three acidic residues (E36, E40 and D175) near the haem internal propionate, which accounts for the ability to oxidize Mn2+. Its capability to oxidize aromatic substrates could involve interactions with aromatic residues at the edge of the haem channel. Another possibility is long-range electron transfer, e.g. from W164, which occupies the same position of LiP W171 recently reported as involved in the catalytic cycle of LiP.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Ruiz-Dueñas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Peroxidase-catalysed reactions are being analysed at an increasingly advanced level of structural and mechanistic sophistication. A significant development in this respect has been the long-anticipated solution of crystal structures for several plant peroxidases and a fungal peroxidase complexed to benzhydroxamic acid. New insights into peroxide binding and catalysis have been obtained through site-directed mutagenesis, a technique also crucial to recent progress in understanding the diversity of substrate interaction sites associated with peroxidases from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
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