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Paleskava A, Maksimova EM, Vinogradova DS, Kasatsky PS, Kirillov SV, Konevega AL. Differential Contribution of Protein Factors and 70S Ribosome to Elongation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9614. [PMID: 34502523 PMCID: PMC8431766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of the polypeptide chain occurs due to the fast and coordinated work of the ribosome and protein elongation factors, EF-Tu and EF-G. However, the exact contribution of each of these components in the overall balance of translation kinetics remains not fully understood. We created an in vitro translation system Escherichia coli replacing either elongation factor with heterologous thermophilic protein from Thermus thermophilus. The rates of the A-site binding and decoding reactions decreased an order of magnitude in the presence of thermophilic EF-Tu, indicating that the kinetics of aminoacyl-tRNA delivery depends on the properties of the elongation factor. On the contrary, thermophilic EF-G demonstrated the same translocation kinetics as a mesophilic protein. Effects of translocation inhibitors (spectinomycin, hygromycin B, viomycin and streptomycin) were also similar for both proteins. Thus, the process of translocation largely relies on the interaction of tRNAs and the ribosome and can be efficiently catalysed by thermophilic EF-G even at suboptimal temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Paleskava
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (A.P.); (E.M.M.); (D.S.V.); (P.S.K.); (S.V.K.)
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena M. Maksimova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (A.P.); (E.M.M.); (D.S.V.); (P.S.K.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Daria S. Vinogradova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (A.P.); (E.M.M.); (D.S.V.); (P.S.K.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Pavel S. Kasatsky
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (A.P.); (E.M.M.); (D.S.V.); (P.S.K.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Stanislav V. Kirillov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (A.P.); (E.M.M.); (D.S.V.); (P.S.K.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Andrey L. Konevega
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (A.P.); (E.M.M.); (D.S.V.); (P.S.K.); (S.V.K.)
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
- NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Che RX, Xing XX, Liu X, Qu QW, Chen M, Yu F, Ma JX, Chen XR, Zhou YH, God'Spower BO, Liu JW, Lu ZX, Xu YP, Li YH. Analysis of multidrug resistance in Streptococcus suis ATCC 700794 under tylosin stress. Virulence 2020; 10:58-67. [PMID: 31874073 PMCID: PMC6363075 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1557505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen. The massive use of tylosin and other antibiotics in swine production has led to the emergence of resistant phenotypes of S. suis. However, there are no adequate measures available to address the problem of bacterial resistance. This study involved the use of 1/4 MIC (0.125 µg/mL) of tylosin to investigate resistance-related proteins by S. suis ATCC 700794. Our results showed that 171 proteins were differentially expressed in S. suis tested with 1/4 MIC (0.125 µg/mL) of tylosin using iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic methods. TCS, heat shock protein and elongation factors were differentially expressed at 1/4 MIC (0.125 µg/mL) of tylosin compared to non treated, control cells. Using quantitative RT-PCR analysis, we verified the relationship between the differentially expressed proteins in S. suis with different MIC values. The data showed that expression profile for elongation factor G (fusA), elongation factor Ts (tsf), elongation factor Tu (tuf), putative histidine kinase of the competence regulon, ComD (comD), putative competence-damage inducible protein (cinA) and protein GrpE (grpE), observed in tylosin-resistant S. suis, correlated with that of S. suis ATCC 700794 at 1/4 MIC (0.125 µg/mL). The MIC of tylosin-resistant showed high-level resistance in terramycin, chlortetracycline, ofloxacin and enrofloxacin. Our findings demonstrated the importance of elongation factors, TCS and heat shock protein during development of tylosin resistance in S. suis. Thus, our study will provide insight into new drug targets and help reduce bacterial multidrug resistance through development of corresponding inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xiang Che
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qian-Wei Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mo Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fei Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jin-Xin Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xing-Ru Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yong-Hui Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bello-Onaghise God'Spower
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ji-Wen Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhao-Xiang Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ya-Ping Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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3
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Kulczycka K, Długosz M, Trylska J. Molecular dynamics of ribosomal elongation factors G and Tu. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2011; 40:289-303. [PMID: 21152913 PMCID: PMC3045518 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-010-0647-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Translation on the ribosome is controlled by external factors. During polypeptide lengthening, elongation factors EF-Tu and EF-G consecutively interact with the bacterial ribosome. EF-Tu binds and delivers an aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosomal A site and EF-G helps translocate the tRNAs between their binding sites after the peptide bond is formed. These processes occur at the expense of GTP. EF-Tu:tRNA and EF-G are of similar shape, share a common binding site, and undergo large conformational changes on interaction with the ribosome. To characterize the internal motion of these two elongation factors, we used 25 ns long all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. We observed enhanced mobility of EF-G domains III, IV, and V and of tRNA in the EF-Tu:tRNA complex. EF-Tu:GDP complex acquired a configuration different from that found in the crystal structure of EF-Tu with a GTP analogue, showing conformational changes in the switch I and II regions. The calculated electrostatic properties of elongation factors showed no global similarity even though matching electrostatic surface patches were found around the domain I that contacts the ribosome, and in the GDP/GTP binding region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kulczycka
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Długosz
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Trylska
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Amino acid changes in elongation factor Tu of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium influence fibronectin binding. Infect Immun 2009; 77:3533-41. [PMID: 19546194 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00081-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium are closely related organisms that cause distinct clinical manifestations and possess different tissue predilections despite their high degree of genome homology. We reported earlier that surface-localized M. pneumoniae elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu(Mp)) mediates binding to the extracellular matrix component fibronectin (Fn) through the carboxyl region of EF-Tu. In this study, we demonstrate that surface-associated M. genitalium EF-Tu (EF-Tu(Mg)), in spite of sharing 96% identity with EF-Tu(Mp), does not bind Fn. We utilized this finding to identify the essential amino acids of EF-Tu(Mp) that mediate Fn interactions by generating modified recombinant EF-Tu proteins with amino acid changes corresponding to those of EF-Tu(Mg). Amino acid changes in serine 343, proline 345, and threonine 357 were sufficient to significantly reduce the Fn binding of EF-Tu(Mp). Synthetic peptides corresponding to this region of EF-Tu(Mp) (EF-Tu(Mp) 340-358) blocked both recombinant EF-Tu(Mp) and radiolabeled M. pneumoniae cell binding to Fn. In contrast, EF-Tu(Mg) 340-358 peptides exhibited minimal blocking activity, reinforcing the specificity of EF-Tu-Fn interactions as mediators of microbial colonization and tissue tropism.
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5
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Jonák J. Bacterial elongation factors EF-Tu, their mutants, chimeric forms, and domains: isolation and purification. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 849:141-53. [PMID: 17197255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Revised: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prokaryotic elongation factors EF-Tu form a family of homologous, three-domain molecular switches catalyzing the binding of aminoacyl-tRNAs to ribosomes during the process of mRNA translation. They are GTP-binding proteins, or GTPases. Binding of GTP or GDP regulates their conformation and thus their activity. Because of their particular structure and regulation, various activities (also outside of the translation system) and a relative abundance they represent attractive tools for studies of many basic but still not fully understood mechanisms both of the translation process, the structure-function relationships in EF-Tu molecules themselves and proteins and energy transduction mechanisms in general. The review critically summarizes procedures for the isolation and purification of native and engineered eubacterial elongation factors EF-Tu and their mutants on a large as well as small scale. Current protocols for the purification of both native and polyHis-tagged or glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-tagged EF-Tu proteins and their variants using conventional procedures and the Ni-NTA-Agarose or Glutathione Sepharose are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jonák
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 37 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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6
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Anborgh PH, Okamura S, Parmeggiani A. Effects of the antibiotic pulvomycin on the elongation factor Tu-dependent reactions. Comparison with other antibiotics. Biochemistry 2005; 43:15550-6. [PMID: 15581367 DOI: 10.1021/bi0487084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The antibiotic pulvomycin is an inhibitor of protein synthesis that prevents the formation of the ternary complex between elongation factor (EF-) Tu.GTP and aminoacyl-tRNA. In this report, novel aspects of its action on EF-Tu are described. Pulvomycin markedly affects the equilibrium and kinetics of the EF-Tu-nucleotide interaction, particularly of the EF-Tu.GTP complex. The binding affinity of EF-Tu for GTP is increased 1000 times, mainly as the consequence of a dramatic decrease in the dissociation rate of this complex. In contrast, the affinity for GDP is decreased 10-fold due to a marked increase in the dissociation rate of EF-Tu.GDP (25-fold) that mimics the action of EF-Ts, the GDP/GTP exchange factor of EF-Tu. The effects of pulvomycin and EF-Ts can coexist and are simply additive, supporting the conclusion that these two ligands interact with different sites of EF-Tu. This is further confirmed on native PAGE by the ability of EF-Tu to bind the EF-Ts and the antibiotic simultaneously. Pulvomycin enhances the intrinsic EF-Tu GTPase activity, like kirromycin, though to a much more modest extent. As with kirromycin, this stimulation depends on the concentration and nature of the monovalent cations, Li(+) being the most effective one, followed by Na(+), K(+), and NH(4)(+). In the presence of pulvomycin (in contrast to kirromycin), aa-tRNA and/or ribosomes do not enhance the GTPase activity of EF-Tu. The property of pulvomycin to modify selectively the conformation(s) of EF-Tu is also supported by its effect on heat- and urea-dependent denaturation, and tryptic digestion of the protein. Specific differences and similarities between the action of pulvomycin and the other EF-Tu-specific antibiotics are described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter H Anborgh
- Groupe de Biophysique-Equipe 2, Ecole Polytechnique, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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7
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Sanderová H, Hůlková M, Malon P, Kepková M, Jonák J. Thermostability of multidomain proteins: elongation factors EF-Tu from Escherichia coli and Bacillus stearothermophilus and their chimeric forms. Protein Sci 2004; 13:89-99. [PMID: 14691225 PMCID: PMC2286523 DOI: 10.1110/ps.03272504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2003] [Revised: 09/19/2003] [Accepted: 09/19/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant mesophilic Escherichia coli (Ec) and thermophilic Bacillus stearothermophilus (Bst) elongation factors EF-Tus, their isolated G-domains, and six chimeric EF-Tus composed of domains of either EF-Tu were prepared, and their GDP/GTP binding activities and thermostability were characterized. BstEF-Tu and BstG-domain bound GDP and GTP with affinities in nanomolar and submicromolar ranges, respectively, fully comparable with those of EcEF-Tu. In contrast, the EcG-domain bound the nucleotides with much lower, micromolar affinities. The exchange of domains 2 and 3 had essentially no effect on the GDP-binding activity; all complexes of chimeric EF-Tus with GDP retained K(d) values in the nanomolar range. The final thermostability level of either EF-Tu was the result of a cooperative interaction between the G-domains and domains 2 + 3. The G-domains set up a "basic" level of the thermostability, which was approximately 20 degrees C higher with the BstG-domain than with the EcG-domain. This correlated with the growth temperature optimum difference of both bacteria and two distinct thermostabilization features of the BstG-domain: an increase of charged residues at the expense of polar uncharged residues (CvP bias), and a decrease in the nonpolar solvent-accessible surface area. Domains 2 + 3 contributed by further stabilization of alpha-helical regions and, in turn, the functions of the G-domains to the level of the respective growth temperature optima. Their contributions were similar irrespective of their origin but, with Ecdomains 2 + 3, dependent on the guanine nucleotide binding state. It was lower in the GTP conformation, and the mechanism involved the destabilization of the alpha-helical regions of the G-domain by Ecdomain 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Sanderová
- Department of Protein Biosynthesis, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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8
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Arevalo E, Estephan R, Madeo J, Arshava B, Dumont M, Becker JM, Naider F. Biosynthesis and biophysical analysis of domains of a yeast G protein-coupled receptor. Biopolymers 2003; 71:516-31. [PMID: 14517901 DOI: 10.1002/bip.10491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The alpha-factor receptor(Ste2p) is required for the sexual conjugation of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ste2p belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family sharing a common heptahelical transmembrane structure. Biological synthesis of regions of Ste2p fused to a leader protein in Escherichia coli yielded milligram quantities of polypeptides that corresponded to one or two transmembrane domains. Fusion proteins were characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, high performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. CD studies on the fusion proteins in trifluoroethanol:water mixtures indicated the existence of alpha-helical structures in the single- and the double-transmembrane domains. NMR experiments were performed in CDCl(3):CD(3)OH:H(2)O (4:4:1) on the (15)N-labeled single-transmembrane peptide showing a clear dispersion of the nitrogen-amide proton correlation cross peaks indicative of a high-purity, uniformly labeled molecule. The results indicate that single- and double-transmembrane domains of a GPCR can be produced by biosynthetic methods in quantities and purity sufficient for biophysical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Arevalo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Staten Island, The City University of New York, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
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Krab IM, Parmeggiani A. Mechanisms of EF-Tu, a pioneer GTPase. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2003; 71:513-51. [PMID: 12102560 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(02)71050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review considers several aspects of the function of EF-Tu, a protein that has greatly contributed to the advancement of our knowledge of both protein biosynthesis and GTP-binding proteins in general. A number of topics are described with emphasis on the function-structure relationships, in particular of EF-Tu's domains, the nucleotide-binding site, and the magnesium-binding network. Aspects related to the interaction with macromolecular ligands and antibiotics and to folding and GTPase activity are also presented and discussed. Comments and criticism are offered to draw attention to remaining discrepancies and problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo M Krab
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
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10
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Sedlák E, Sprinzl M, Grillenbeck N, Antalík M. Microcalorimetric study of elongation factor Tu from Thermus thermophilus in nucleotide-free, GDP and GTP forms and in the presence of elongation factor Ts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1596:357-65. [PMID: 12007615 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(02)00225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Elongation factor (EF) Tu undergoes profound nucleotide-dependent conformational changes in its functional cycle. The thermodynamic parameters of the different Thermus thermophilus EF-Tu forms, its domains I, II/III and III, were determined by microcalorimetry. Thermal transitions of the EF-Tu.GDP and EF-Tu.guanosine-5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate have a cooperative two-state character. Nucleotide removal affected the cooperativity of the thermal transition of EF-Tu. Microcalorimetric measurements of nucleotide-free EF-Tu and its separated domains showed that domains II/III have the main stabilizing role for the whole protein. Despite the fact that strong interactions between elongation factors Tu and Ts from T. thermophilus at 20 degrees C exist, the thermal transition of neither protein in the complex was significantly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Sedlák
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science P.J. Safárik University, Kosice, Slovakia.
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Tomincová H, Krásný L, Jonák J. Isolation of chimaeric forms of elongation factor EF-Tu by affinity chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 770:129-35. [PMID: 12013219 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00525-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Six different recombinant chimaeric forms of a three-domain protein, proteosynthetic elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), composed of domains of EF-Tu of mesophilic (Escherichia coli) and thermophilic (Bacillus stearothermophilus) origin as well as free N-terminal domains of EF-Tu, and the whole recombinant EF-Tus of both organisms were prepared and isolated by the GST (glutathione S-transferase) fusion technology. Several modifications in the standard isolation and purification procedures are described that proved necessary to obtain the proteins in a purified and undegraded form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Tomincová
- Department of Protein Biosynthesis, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague
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12
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Bingham R, Ekunwe SI, Falk S, Snyder L, Kleanthous C. The major head protein of bacteriophage T4 binds specifically to elongation factor Tu. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:23219-26. [PMID: 10801848 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m002546200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lit protease in Escherichia coli K-12 strains induces cell death in response to bacteriophage T4 infection by cleaving translation elongation factor (EF) Tu and shutting down translation. Suicide of the cell is timed to the appearance late in the maturation of the phage of a short peptide sequence in the major head protein, the Gol peptide, which activates proteolysis. In the present work we demonstrate that the Gol peptide binds specifically to domains II and III of EF-Tu, creating the unique substrate for the Lit protease, which then cleaves domain I, the guanine nucleotide binding domain. The conformation of EF-Tu is important for binding and Lit cleavage, because both are sensitive to the identity of the bound nucleotide, with GDP being preferred over GTP. We propose that association of the T4 coat protein with EF-Tu plays a role in phage head assembly but that this association marks infected cells for suicide when Lit is present. Based on these data and recent observations on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 maturation, we speculate that associations between host translation factors and coat proteins may be integral to viral assembly in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bingham
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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Zuurmond AM, Olsthoorn-Tieleman LN, Martien de Graaf J, Parmeggiani A, Kraal B. Mutant EF-Tu species reveal novel features of the enacyloxin IIa inhibition mechanism on the ribosome. J Mol Biol 1999; 294:627-37. [PMID: 10610785 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1999.3296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For clarification of the action of a new antibiotic, the analysis of resistant mutants is often indispensable. For enacyloxin IIa we discovered four resistant elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) species in Escherichia coli with the mutations Q124K, G316D, Q329H, and A375T, respectively. They revealed that enacyloxin IIa sensitivity is dominant in a mixed population of resistant and wild-type EF-Tus. This points to an inhibition mechanism in which EF-Tu is the dominant target of enacyloxin IIa and in which a ribosome with a sensitive EF-Tu blocks mRNA translation for upstream ribosomes with resistant EF-Tus, a mechanism similar to that of the unrelated antibiotic kirromycin. Remarkably, the same mutations are also linked to kirromycin resistance, though the order of their levels of resistance is different from that for enacyloxin IIa. Among the mutant EF-Tus, three different resistance mechanisms can be distinguished: (i) by obstructing enacyloxin IIa binding to EF-Tu. GTP; (ii) by enabling the release of enacyloxin IIa after GTP hydrolysis; and (iii) by reducing the affinity of EF-Tu.GDP. enacyloxin IIa for aminoacyl-tRNA at the ribosomal A-site, which then allows the release of EF-Tu.GDP.enacyloxin IIa. Ala375 seems to contribute directly to enacyloxin IIa binding at the domain 1-3 interface of EF-Tu.GTP, a location that would easily explain the pleiotropic effects of enacyloxin IIa on the functioning of EF-Tu.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Zuurmond
- Department of Biochemistry Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
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14
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Bullard JM, Cai YC, Zhang Y, Spremulli LL. Effects of domain exchanges between Escherichia coli and mammalian mitochondrial EF-Tu on interactions with guanine nucleotides, aminoacyl-tRNA and ribosomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1446:102-14. [PMID: 10395923 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli elongation factor (EF-Tu) and the corresponding mammalian mitochondrial factor, EF-Tumt, show distinct differences in their affinities for guanine nucleotides and in their interactions with elongation factor Ts (EF-Ts) and mitochondrial tRNAs. To investigate the roles of the three domains of EF-Tu in these differences, six chimeric proteins were prepared in which the three domains were systematically switched. E. coli EF-Tu binds GDP much more tightly than EF-Tumt. This difference does not reside in domain I alone but is regulated by interactions with domains II and III. All the chimeric proteins formed ternary complexes with GTP and aminoacyl-tRNA although some had an increased or decreased activity in this assay. The activity of E. coli EF-Tu but not of EF-Tumt is stimulated by E. coli EF-Ts. The presence of any one of the domains of EF-Tumt in the prokaryotic factor reduced its interaction with E. coli EF-Ts 2-3-fold. In contrast, the presence of any of the three domains of E. coli EF-Tu in EF-Tumt allowed the mitochondrial factor to interact with bacterial EF-Ts. This observation indicates that even domain II which is not in contact with EF-Ts plays an important role in the nucleotide exchange reaction. EF-Tsmt interacts with all of the chimeras produced. However, with the exception of domain III exchanges, it inhibits the activities of the chimeras indicating that it could not be productively released to allow formation of the ternary complex. The unique ability of EF-Tumt to promote binding of mitochondrial Phe-tRNAPhe to the A-site of the ribosome resides in domains I and II. These studies indicate that the interactions of EF-Tu with its ligands is a complex process involving cross-talk between all three domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Bullard
- Department of Chemistry, Campus Box 3290, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Krab
- Equipe 2 du Groupe de Biophysique, Ecole Polytechnique, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
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