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Kisgeropoulos EC, Artz JH, Blahut M, Peters JW, King PW, Mulder DW. Properties of the iron-sulfur cluster electron transfer relay in an [FeFe]-hydrogenase that is tuned for H 2 oxidation catalysis. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107292. [PMID: 38636659 PMCID: PMC11126806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
[FeFe]-hydrogenases catalyze the reversible oxidation of H2 from electrons and protons at an organometallic active site cofactor named the H-cluster. In addition to the H-cluster, most [FeFe]-hydrogenases possess accessory FeS cluster (F-cluster) relays that function in mediating electron transfer with catalysis. There is significant variation in the structural properties of F-cluster relays among the [FeFe]-hydrogenases; however, it is unknown how this variation relates to the electronic and thermodynamic properties, and thus the electron transfer properties, of enzymes. Clostridium pasteurianum [FeFe]-hydrogenase II (CpII) exhibits a large catalytic bias for H2 oxidation (compared to H2 production), making it a notable system for examining if F-cluster properties contribute to the overall function and efficiency of the enzyme. By applying a combination of multifrequency and potentiometric electron paramagnetic resonance, we resolved two electron paramagnetic resonance signals with distinct power- and temperature-dependent properties at g = 2.058 1.931 1.891 (F2.058) and g = 2.061 1.920 1.887 (F2.061), with assigned midpoint potentials of -140 ± 18 mV and -406 ± 12 mV versus normal hydrogen electrode, respectively. Spectral analysis revealed features consistent with spin-spin coupling between the two [4Fe-4S] F-clusters, and possible functional models are discussed that account for the contribution of coupling to the electron transfer landscape. The results signify the interplay of electronic coupling and free energy properties and parameters of the FeS clusters to the electron transfer mechanism through the relay and provide new insight as to how relays functionally complement the catalytic directionality of active sites to achieve highly efficient catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob H Artz
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - Matthew Blahut
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - John W Peters
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Paul W King
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA; Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - David W Mulder
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA.
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2
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Gorka M, Charles P, Kalendra V, Baldansuren A, Lakshmi KV, Golbeck JH. A dimeric chlorophyll electron acceptor differentiates type I from type II photosynthetic reaction centers. iScience 2021; 24:102719. [PMID: 34278250 PMCID: PMC8267441 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This research addresses one of the most compelling issues in the field of photosynthesis, namely, the role of the accessory chlorophyll molecules in primary charge separation. Using a combination of empirical and computational methods, we demonstrate that the primary acceptor of photosystem (PS) I is a dimer of accessory and secondary chlorophyll molecules, Chl2A and Chl3A, with an asymmetric electron charge density distribution. The incorporation of highly coupled donors and acceptors in PS I allows for extensive delocalization that prolongs the lifetime of the charge-separated state, providing for high quantum efficiency. The discovery of this motif has widespread implications ranging from the evolution of naturally occurring reaction centers to the development of a new generation of highly efficient artificial photosynthetic systems. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gorka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Philip Charles
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Vidmantas Kalendra
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Amgalanbaatar Baldansuren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - K V Lakshmi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - John H Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Kłodawska K, Kovács L, Vladkova R, Rzaska A, Gombos Z, Laczkó-Dobos H, Malec P. Trimeric organization of photosystem I is required to maintain the balanced photosynthetic electron flow in cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 143:251-262. [PMID: 31848802 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00696-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and some other cyanobacteria photosystem I reaction centres exist predominantly as trimers, with minor contribution of monomeric form, when cultivated at standard optimized conditions. In contrast, in plant chloroplasts photosystem I complex is exclusively monomeric. The functional significance of trimeric organization of cyanobacterial photosystem I remains not fully understood. In this study, we compared the photosynthetic characteristics of PSI in wild type and psaL knockout mutant. The results show that relative to photosystem I trimer in wild-type cells, photosystem I monomer in psaL- mutant has a smaller P700+ pool size under low and moderate light, slower P700 oxidation upon dark-to-light transition, and slower P700+ reduction upon light-to-dark transition. The mutant also shows strongly diminished photosystem I donor side limitations [quantum yield Y(ND)] at low, moderate and high light, but enhanced photosystem I acceptor side limitations [quantum yield Y(NA)], especially at low light (22 µmol photons m-2 s-1). In line with these functional characteristics are the determined differences in the relative expression genes encoding of selected electron transporters. The psaL- mutant showed significant (ca fivefold) upregulation of the photosystem I donor cytochrome c6, and downregulation of photosystem I acceptors (ferredoxin, flavodoxin) and proteins of alternative electron flows originating in photosystem I acceptor side. Taken together, our results suggest that photosystem I trimerization in wild-type Synechocystis cells plays a role in the protection of photosystem I from photoinhibition via maintaining enhanced donor side electron transport limitations and minimal acceptor side electron transport limitations at various light intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Kłodawska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - László Kovács
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Radka Vladkova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Agnieszka Rzaska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zoltán Gombos
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | | | - Przemysław Malec
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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Srinivasan N, Chatterjee R, Milikisiyants S, Golbeck JH, Lakshmi KV. Effect of Hydrogen Bond Strength on the Redox Properties of Phylloquinones: A Two-Dimensional Hyperfine Sublevel Correlation Spectroscopy Study of Photosystem I. Biochemistry 2011; 50:3495-501. [DOI: 10.1021/bi102056q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ruchira Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Sergey Milikisiyants
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - John H. Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - K. V. Lakshmi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch ’60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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Antonkine ML, Koay MS, Epel B, Breitenstein C, Gopta O, Gärtner W, Bill E, Lubitz W. Synthesis and characterization of de novo designed peptides modelling the binding sites of [4Fe–4S] clusters in photosystem I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2009; 1787:995-1008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gulis G, Narasimhulu KV, Fox LN, Redding KE. Purification of His6-tagged Photosystem I from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2008; 96:51-60. [PMID: 18175204 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-007-9283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a rapid method for isolation of the Photosystem I (PS1) complex from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using epitope tagging. Six histidine residues were genetically added to the N-terminus of the PsaA core subunit of PS1. The His(6)-tagged PS1 could be purified with a yield of 80-90% from detergent-solubilized thylakoid membranes within 3 h in a single step using a Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) column. Immunoblots and low-temperature fluorescence analysis indicated that the His(6)-tagged PS1 preparation was highly pure and extremely low in uncoupled pigments. Moreover, the introduced tag appeared to have no adverse effect upon PS1 structure/function, as judged by photochemical assays and EPR spectroscopy of isolated particles, as well as photosynthetic growth tests of the tagged strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Gulis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, 206 Shelby Hall, 250 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA
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Fromme P, Yu H, DeRuyter YS, Jolley C, Chauhan DK, Melkozernov A, Grotjohann I. Structure of photosystems I and II. CR CHIM 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2005.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Rappaport F, Diner BA, Redding K. Optical Measurements of Secondary Electron Transfer in Photosystem I. PHOTOSYSTEM I 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-4256-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Grotjohann I, Fromme P. Structure of cyanobacterial photosystem I. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2005; 85:51-72. [PMID: 15977059 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-005-1440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2004] [Accepted: 01/28/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I is one of the most fascinating membrane protein complexes for which a structure has been determined. It functions as a bio-solar energy converter, catalyzing one of the first steps of oxygenic photosynthesis. It captures the light of the sun by means of a large antenna system, consisting of chlorophylls and carotenoids, and transfers the energy to the center of the complex, driving the transmembrane electron transfer from plastoquinone to ferredoxin. Cyanobacterial Photosystem I is a trimer consisting of 36 proteins to which 381 cofactors are non-covalently attached. This review discusses the complex function of Photosystem I based on the structure of the complex at 2.5 A resolution as well as spectroscopic and biochemical data.
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Lakshmi KV, Brudvig GW. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Distance Measurements in Photosystems. DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS BY EPR 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/0-306-47109-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Vassiliev IR, Antonkine ML, Golbeck JH. Iron-sulfur clusters in type I reaction centers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1507:139-60. [PMID: 11687212 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(01)00197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Type I reaction centers (RCs) are multisubunit chlorophyll-protein complexes that function in photosynthetic organisms to convert photons to Gibbs free energy. The unique feature of Type I RCs is the presence of iron-sulfur clusters as electron transfer cofactors. Photosystem I (PS I) of oxygenic phototrophs is the best-studied Type I RC. It is comprised of an interpolypeptide [4Fe-4S] cluster, F(X), that bridges the PsaA and PsaB subunits, and two terminal [4Fe-4S] clusters, F(A) and F(B), that are bound to the PsaC subunit. In this review, we provide an update on the structure and function of the bound iron-sulfur clusters in Type I RCs. The first new development in this area is the identification of F(A) as the cluster proximal to F(X) and the resolution of the electron transfer sequence as F(X)-->F(A)-->F(B)-->soluble ferredoxin. The second new development is the determination of the three-dimensional NMR solution structure of unbound PsaC and localization of the equal- and mixed-valence pairs in F(A)(-) and F(B)(-). We provide a survey of the EPR properties and spectra of the iron-sulfur clusters in Type I RCs of cyanobacteria, green sulfur bacteria, and heliobacteria, and we summarize new information about the kinetics of back-reactions involving the iron-sulfur clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- I R Vassiliev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 310 South Frear Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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12
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Abstract
This mini-review focuses on recent experimental results and questions, which came up since the last more comprehensive reviews on the subject. We include a brief discussion of the different techniques used for time-resolved studies of electron transfer in photosystem I (PS I) and relate the kinetic results to new structural data of the PS I reaction centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brettel
- Section de Bioénergétique and CNRS URA 2096, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, CEA Saclay, 91191 Cedex, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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13
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Abstract
In plants and cyanobacteria, the primary step in oxygenic photosynthesis, the light induced charge separation, is driven by two large membrane intrinsic protein complexes, the photosystems I and II. Photosystem I catalyses the light driven electron transfer from plastocyanin/cytochrome c(6) on the lumenal side of the membrane to ferredoxin/flavodoxin at the stromal side by a chain of electron carriers. Photosystem I of Synechococcus elongatus consists of 12 protein subunits, 96 chlorophyll a molecules, 22 carotenoids, three [4Fe4S] clusters and two phylloquinones. Furthermore, it has been discovered that four lipids are intrinsic components of photosystem I. Photosystem I exists as a trimer in the native membrane with a molecular mass of 1068 kDa for the whole complex. The X-ray structure of photosystem I at a resolution of 2.5 A shows the location of the individual subunits and cofactors and provides new information on the protein-cofactor interactions. [P. Jordan, P. Fromme, H.T. Witt, O. Klukas, W. Saenger, N. Krauss, Nature 411 (2001) 909-917]. In this review, biochemical data and results of biophysical investigations are discussed with respect to the X-ray crystallographic structure in order to give an overview of the structure and function of this large membrane protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fromme
- Max Volmer Laboratorium für Biophysikalische Chemie Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany.
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Shinkarev VP, Vassiliev IR, Golbeck JH. A kinetic assessment of the sequence of electron transfer from F(X) to F(A) and further to F(B) in photosystem I: the value of the equilibrium constant between F(X) and F(A). Biophys J 2000; 78:363-72. [PMID: 10620300 PMCID: PMC1300644 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(00)76599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The x-ray structure analysis of photosystem I (PS I) crystals at 4-A resolution (Schubert et al., 1997, J. Mol. Biol. 272:741-769) has revealed the distances between the three iron-sulfur clusters, labeled F(X), F(1), and F(2), which function on the acceptor side of PS I. There is a general consensus concerning the assignment of the F(X) cluster, which is bound to the PsaA and PsaB polypeptides that constitute the PS I core heterodimer. However, the correspondence between the acceptors labeled F(1) and F(2) on the electron density map and the F(A) and F(B) clusters defined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy remains controversial. Two recent studies (Diaz-Quintana et al., 1998, Biochemistry. 37:3429-3439;, Vassiliev et al., 1998, Biophys. J. 74:2029-2035) provided evidence that F(A) is the cluster proximal to F(X), and F(B) is the cluster that donates electrons to ferredoxin. In this work, we provide a kinetic argument to support this assignment by estimating the rates of electron transfer between the iron-sulfur clusters F(X), F(A), and F(B). The experimentally determined kinetics of P700(+) dark relaxation in PS I complexes (both F(A) and F(B) are present), HgCl(2)-treated PS I complexes (devoid of F(B)), and P700-F(X) cores (devoid of both F(A) and F(B)) from Synechococcus sp. PCC 6301 are compared with the expected dependencies on the rate of electron transfer, based on the x-ray distances between the cofactors. The analysis, which takes into consideration the asymmetrical position of iron-sulfur clusters F(1) and F(2) relative to F(X), supports the F(X) --> F(A) --> F(B) --> Fd sequence of electron transfer on the acceptor side of PS I. Based on this sequence of electron transfer and on the observed kinetics of P700(+) reduction and F(X)(-) oxidation, we estimate the equilibrium constant of electron transfer between F(X) and F(A) at room temperature to be approximately 47. The value of this equilibrium constant is discussed in the context of the midpoint potentials of F(X) and F(A), as determined by low-temperature EPR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Shinkarev
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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