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Cavada BS, Osterne VJS, Lossio CF, Pinto-Junior VR, Oliveira MV, Silva MTL, Leal RB, Nascimento KS. One century of ConA and 40 years of ConBr research: A structural review. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:901-911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Cavada BS, Osterne VJS, Pinto-Junior VR, Nascimento KS. ConBr, the Lectin from Canavalia brasiliensis Mart. Seeds: Forty Years of Research. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:600-613. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190104123210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are defined as proteins or glycoproteins capable of specific and reversible binding to
carbohydrates. Inside this group of proteins, the most well-studied lectins belong to the Leguminosae
family, and inside this family, the Diocleinae subtribe includes the most characterized lectin Concanavalin
A (ConA), as well as ConBr, the lectin from Canavalia brasiliensis, the subject of this review.
Since 1979, several studies have been published in the literature regarding this lectin, from its isolation
and characterization to its several biological activities. This year, 2019, will mark 40 years since researchers
have begun to study ConBr and 100 years since the discovery of ConA, making 2019 a momentous
year for lectinology. Owing to the abundance of studies involving ConBr, this review will
focus on ConBr’s purification, physicochemical properties, functional and structural analyses, biological
activities and biotechnological applications. This will give researchers a broad glimpse into the
potential of this lectin, as well as it characteristics, as we look ahead to its expanding applications in
glycomics and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benildo Sousa Cavada
- BioMol-Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Ceara, Brazil
| | | | - Vanir Reis Pinto-Junior
- BioMol-Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Kyria Santiago Nascimento
- BioMol-Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Ceara, Brazil
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Zahler CT, Shaw BF. What Are We Missing by Not Measuring the Net Charge of Proteins? Chemistry 2019; 25:7581-7590. [PMID: 30779227 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The net electrostatic charge (Z) of a folded protein in solution represents a bird's eye view of its surface potentials-including contributions from tightly bound metal, solvent, buffer, and cosolvent ions-and remains one of its most enigmatic properties. Few tools are available to the average biochemist to rapidly and accurately measure Z at pH≠pI. Tools that have been developed more recently seem to go unnoticed. Most scientists are content with this void and estimate the net charge of a protein from its amino acid sequence, using textbook values of pKa . Thus, Z remains unmeasured for nearly all folded proteins at pH≠pI. When marveling at all that has been learned from accurately measuring the other fundamental property of a protein-its mass-one wonders: what are we missing by not measuring the net charge of folded, solvated proteins? A few big questions immediately emerge in bioinorganic chemistry. When a single electron is transferred to a metalloprotein, does the net charge of the protein change by approximately one elementary unit of charge or does charge regulation dominate, that is, do the pKa values of most ionizable residues (or just a few residues) adjust in response to (or in concert with) electron transfer? Would the free energy of charge regulation (ΔΔGz ) account for most of the outer sphere reorganization energy associated with electron transfer? Or would ΔΔGz contribute more to the redox potential? And what about metal binding itself? When an apo-metalloprotein, bearing minimal net negative charge (e.g., Z=-2.0) binds one or more metal cations, is the net charge abolished or inverted to positive? Or do metalloproteins regulate net charge when coordinating metal ions? The author's group has recently dusted off a relatively obscure tool-the "protein charge ladder"-and used it to begin to answer these basic questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin T Zahler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76706, USA
| | - Bryan F Shaw
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76706, USA
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Zhang K, Cheng Y, Ren W, Sun L, Liu C, Wang D, Guo L, Xu H, Zhao Y. Coordination-Responsive Longitudinal Relaxation Tuning as a Versatile MRI Sensing Protocol for Malignancy Targets. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800021. [PMID: 30250780 PMCID: PMC6145269 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers (e.g., acidity, H2O2, hypoxia, and specific molecules) as one primary component of tumor microenvironments are closely associated with occurrence, invasion, and metastasis of malignancy, thus can act as biological targets. However, their monitoring remains a challenging task. Herein, a coordination-dependent longitudinal relaxation tuning (CLRT) that occurs between a Mn2+ "donor" and a Mn2+ "acceptor" is established to enable biological target sensing. Relying on the differences of coordination ability and spatial structure between donors and acceptors, the biological targets as Mn2+ acceptor can take Mn2+ away from the donors (i.e., modified ligands) in nanoscale probes, which consequently varies T1-weighted (T1W) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal. The coordination ability and spatial structure of the modified Mn2+ "donor" and the pore diameter of donor carrier are demonstrated to determine the feasibility, specificity, and generality of CLRT. With CLRT, this MRI-based ruler is demonstrated for the successful specific detection of biological targets (i.e., hyaluronic acid and glutathione) of malignancy, and its potential in quantitative measurement of hyaluronic acid is further demonstrated. CLRT can serve as a novel and general sensing principle to augment the exploration of a wide range of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Medical UltrasoundShanghai Tenth People's Hospitaland Ultrasound Research and Education InstituteTongji University School of Medicine301 Yan‐chang‐zhong RoadShanghai200072P. R. China
- National Center for International Research of Bio‐targeting TheranosticsGuangxi Key Laboratory of Bio‐targeting TheranosticsCollaborative Innovation Center for Tumor‐targeting TheranosticsGuangxi Medical University22 Shuang Yong RoadNanningGuangxi530021P. R. China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Imaging and Interventional RadiologyZhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital of Fudan University966 Huai‐hai‐zhong RoadShanghai200031P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Ren
- Department of Medical UltrasoundShanghai Tenth People's Hospitaland Ultrasound Research and Education InstituteTongji University School of Medicine301 Yan‐chang‐zhong RoadShanghai200072P. R. China
| | - Liping Sun
- Department of Medical UltrasoundShanghai Tenth People's Hospitaland Ultrasound Research and Education InstituteTongji University School of Medicine301 Yan‐chang‐zhong RoadShanghai200072P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Medical UltrasoundShanghai Tenth People's Hospitaland Ultrasound Research and Education InstituteTongji University School of Medicine301 Yan‐chang‐zhong RoadShanghai200072P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Medical UltrasoundShanghai Tenth People's Hospitaland Ultrasound Research and Education InstituteTongji University School of Medicine301 Yan‐chang‐zhong RoadShanghai200072P. R. China
| | - Lehang Guo
- Department of Medical UltrasoundShanghai Tenth People's Hospitaland Ultrasound Research and Education InstituteTongji University School of Medicine301 Yan‐chang‐zhong RoadShanghai200072P. R. China
| | - Huixiong Xu
- Department of Medical UltrasoundShanghai Tenth People's Hospitaland Ultrasound Research and Education InstituteTongji University School of Medicine301 Yan‐chang‐zhong RoadShanghai200072P. R. China
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- National Center for International Research of Bio‐targeting TheranosticsGuangxi Key Laboratory of Bio‐targeting TheranosticsCollaborative Innovation Center for Tumor‐targeting TheranosticsGuangxi Medical University22 Shuang Yong RoadNanningGuangxi530021P. R. China
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Sá RDCDSE, Almeida RND, Bhattacharyya J. Pharmaceutical properties and toxicology of Dioclea grandiflora. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:659-667. [PMID: 23368936 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.755208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Since the beginning of civilization, herbal medicines have been an important source for human beings to treat their ailments. Despite the large number of synthetic remedies available in the market, the use of plants is seen as a great challenge in the search for new substances endowed with therapeutic properties. One example is Dioclea grandiflora Mart. ex Benth. (Leguminosae) employed in traditional medicine to treat prostate disorders and kidney stones. OBJECTIVES This work presents a brief overview of D. grandiflora, including a description of the plant, its chemical composition and pharmacological properties. METHODS This review gathers information available in the scientific literature compiled from databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Dr. Dukes Phytochemical and Ethnobotany, Missouri Botanical Garden and The International Plant Names Index. RESULTS The information found in the literature showed that flavonoids are the major constituents of D. grandiflora that account for most of the pharmacological properties so far disclosed. Several studies have revealed that D. grandiflora possesses antinociceptive, cardiovascular, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. CONCLUSION Research shows that D. grandiflora is a potential source of compounds pertaining medicinal applications. It provides an interesting subject in the search for new drugs of natural origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cássia da Silveira E Sá
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Av Antonio Lira, 950, Cabo Branco, 58045-030, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil.
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Astashkin AV, Nesmelov YE. Mn(2+)-nucleotide coordination at the myosin active site as detected by pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:13655-62. [PMID: 23121488 DOI: 10.1021/jp308423x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance at the microwave K(a) band (~30 GHz) was used to study the coordination of adenosine nucleotides to Mn(2+) at the active site of myosin ATPase and in solution. We have found that the electron spin echo (ESE) field sweep, electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) and ESE envelope modulation (ESEEM) techniques are not sufficiently specific for reliable differentiation between the solvated and myosin-bound Mn·nucleotide complexes. Therefore, to directly detect binding of the Mn·nucleotide to myosin, we used nonhydrolizable nucleotide analogs, site-directed spin labeling, and pulsed electron-electron double resonance to detect spin probe-manganese dipolar interaction. We found that under substoichiometric conditions, both Mn·AMPPNP and Mn·ADP·AlF(4) form a complex with myosin, and Mn·ADP does not form such a complex. This correlates well with the biological dissociation of Mg·ADP from myosin after the hydrolysis of ATP. The analysis of (31)P ENDOR spectra reveals that in Mn·AMPPNP, Mn·ATP, and Mn·ADP at myosin or in solution, the nucleotide is coordinated to Mn(2+) by two phosphate groups, whereas in Mn·ADP·AlF(4), only one phosphate group is coordinated. The observation of two phosphates and one nitrogen in the coordination sphere of Mn·ADP in solution by ESEEM spectroscopy suggests that a significant population of Mn ions is coordinated by two ADP molecules, one of which is coordinated by phosphates, and the other one, by a nitrogen atom. The developed approach will be generally useful for monitoring the metal-protein binding when such binding does not provide reliable spectroscopic signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Astashkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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Gadelha CADA, Moreno FBMB, Santi-Gadelha T, Cajazeiras JB, Rocha BAMD, Assreuy AMS, Lima Mota MR, Pinto NV, Passos Meireles AV, Borges JC, Freitas BT, Canduri F, Souza EP, Delatorre P, Criddle DN, de Azevedo WF, Cavada BS. Native crystal structure of a nitric oxide-releasing lectin from the seeds of Canavalia maritima. J Struct Biol 2005; 152:185-94. [PMID: 16337811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2005.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2005] [Revised: 07/26/2005] [Accepted: 07/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the crystallographic study of a lectin from Canavalia maritima seeds (ConM) and its relaxant activity on vascular smooth muscle, to provide new insights into the understanding of structure/function relationships of this class of proteins. ConM was crystallized and its structure determined by standard molecular replacement techniques. The amino acid residues, previously suggested incorrectly by manual sequencing, have now been determined as I17, I53, S129, S134, G144, S164, P165, S187, V190, S169, T196, and S202. Analysis of the structure indicated a dimer in the asymmetric unit, two metal binding sites per monomer, and loops involved in the molecular oligomerization. These confer 98% similarity between ConM and other previously described lectins, derived from Canavalia ensiformis and Canavalia brasiliensis. Our functional data indicate that ConM exerts a concentration-dependent relaxant action on isolated aortic rings that probably occurs via an interaction with a specific lectin-binding site on the endothelium, resulting in a release of nitric oxide.
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Wah DA, Romero A, Gallego del Sol F, Cavada BS, Ramos MV, Grangeiro TB, Sampaio AH, Calvete JJ. Crystal structure of native and Cd/Cd-substituted Dioclea guianensis seed lectin. A novel manganese-binding site and structural basis of dimer-tetramer association. J Mol Biol 2001; 310:885-94. [PMID: 11453695 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2001.4814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diocleinae legume lectins are a group of oligomeric proteins whose subunits display a high degree of primary structure and tertiary fold conservation but exhibit considerable diversity in their oligomerisation modes. To elucidate the structural determinants underlaying Diocleinae lectin oligomerisation, we have determined the crystal structures of native and cadmium-substituted Dioclea guianensis (Dguia) seed lectin. These structures have been solved by molecular replacement using concanavalin (ConA) coordinates as the starting model, and refined against data to 2.0 A resolution. In the native (Mn/Ca-Dguia) crystal form (P4(3)2(1)2), the asymmetric unit contains two monomers arranged into a canonical legume lectin dimer, and the tetramer is formed with a symmetry-related dimer. In the Cd/Cd-substituted form (I4(1)22), the asymmetric unit is occupied by a monomer. In both crystal forms, the tetrameric association is achieved by the corresponding symmetry operators. Like other legume lectins, native D. guianensis lectin contains manganese and calcium ions bound in the vicinity of the saccharide-combining site. The architecture of these metal-binding sites (S1 and S2) changed only slightly in the cadmium/cadmium-substituted form. A highly ordered calcium (native lectin) or cadmium (Cd/Cd-substituted lectin) ion is coordinated at the interface between dimers that are not tetrameric partners in a similar manner as the previously identified Cd(2+) in site S3 of a Cd/Ca-ConA. An additional Mn(2+) coordination site (called S5), whose presence has not been reported in crystal structures of any other homologous lectin, is present in both, the Mn/Ca and the Cd/Cd-substituted D. guianensis lectin forms. On the other hand, comparison of the primary and quaternary crystal structures of seed lectins from D. guianensis and Dioclea grandiflora (1DGL) indicates that the loop comprising residues 117-123 is ordered to make interdimer contacts in the D. grandiflora lectin structure, while this loop is disordered in the D. guianensis lectin structure. A single amino acid difference at position 131 (histidine in D. grandiflora and asparagine in D. guianensis) drastically reduces interdimer contacts, accounting for the disordered loop. Further, this amino acid change yields a conformation that may explain why a pH-dependent dimer-tetramer equilibrium exists for the D. guianensis lectin but not for the D. grandiflora lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Wah
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, C.S.I.C., Madrid, Spain
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