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Phase-Transfer Catalyzed Microfluidic Glycosylation: A Small Change in Concentration Results in a Dramatic Increase in Stereoselectivity. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) is widely used in glycochemistry for the preparation of aryl glycosides by the glycosylation reaction. While investigating the possibility of synthesis of 4-(3-chloropropoxy)phenyl sialoside (Neu5Ac-OCPP) from N-acetylsialyl chloride with O-acetyl groups (1), we have recently discovered a strong dependence of the PTC glycosylation outcome on the mixing mode: under batch conditions, only α-anomer of Neu5Ac-OCPP was obtained, albeit in low yield (13%), while under microfluidic conditions the yield of Neu5Ac-OCPP increased to 36%, although stereoselectivity decreased (α/β ≤ 6.2). Here, we report that the outcome of this reaction, performed under microfluidic conditions using a Comet X-01 micromixer (at 2 μL/min flow rate), non-linearly depends on the concentration of N-acetylsialyl chloride 1 (5–200 mmol/L). The target Neu5Ac-OCPP was obtained in a noticeably higher yield (up to 66%) accompanied by enhanced stereoselectivity (α/β = 17:1–32:1) in the high concentration range (C > 50 mmol/L), whereas the yield (10–36%) and especially, stereoselectivity (α/β = 0.9:1–6.2:1) were lower in the low concentration range (C ≤ 50 mmol/L). This dramatic stepwise increase in stereoselectivity above critical concentration (50 mmol/L) is apparently related to the changes in the presentation of molecules on the surface of supramers of glycosyl donor, which exist in different concentration ranges.
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Myachin IV, Mamirgova ZZ, Stepanova EV, Zinin AI, Chizhov AO, Kononov L. Black swan in phase transfer catalysis: influence of mixing mode on the stereoselectivity of glycosylation. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V. Myachin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboratory of Glycochemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Zarina Z. Mamirgova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboratory of Glycochemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Elena V. Stepanova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboraory of Glycochemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Alexander I. Zinin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboratory of Glycochemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Alexander O. Chizhov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboratory of Glycochemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Leonid Kononov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Laboratory of Glycochemistry Leninsky prosp., 47 119991 Moscow RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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Demina EP, Smutova V, Pan X, Fougerat A, Guo T, Zou C, Chakraberty R, Snarr BD, Shiao TC, Roy R, Orekhov AN, Miyagi T, Laffargue M, Sheppard DC, Cairo CW, Pshezhetsky AV. Neuraminidases 1 and 3 Trigger Atherosclerosis by Desialylating Low-Density Lipoproteins and Increasing Their Uptake by Macrophages. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e018756. [PMID: 33554615 PMCID: PMC7955353 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Chronic vascular disease atherosclerosis starts with an uptake of atherogenic modified low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) by resident macrophages, resulting in formation of arterial fatty streaks and eventually atheromatous plaques. Increased plasma sialic acid levels, increased neuraminidase activity, and reduced sialic acid LDL content have been previously associated with atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease in human patients, but the mechanism underlying this association has not been explored. Methods and Results We tested the hypothesis that neuraminidases contribute to development of atherosclerosis by removing sialic acid residues from glycan chains of the LDL glycoprotein and glycolipids. Atherosclerosis progression was investigated in apolipoprotein E and LDL receptor knockout mice with genetic deficiency of neuraminidases 1, 3, and 4 or those treated with specific neuraminidase inhibitors. We show that desialylation of the LDL glycoprotein, apolipoprotein B 100, by human neuraminidases 1 and 3 increases the uptake of human LDL by human cultured macrophages and by macrophages in aortic root lesions in Apoe-/- mice via asialoglycoprotein receptor 1. Genetic inactivation or pharmacological inhibition of neuraminidases 1 and 3 significantly delays formation of fatty streaks in the aortic root without affecting the plasma cholesterol and LDL levels in Apoe-/- and Ldlr-/- mouse models of atherosclerosis. Conclusions Together, our results suggest that neuraminidases 1 and 3 trigger the initial phase of atherosclerosis and formation of aortic fatty streaks by desialylating LDL and increasing their uptake by resident macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina P Demina
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research CenterUniversity of Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Victoria Smutova
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research CenterUniversity of Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Xuefang Pan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research CenterUniversity of Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Anne Fougerat
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research CenterUniversity of Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Tianlin Guo
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Chunxia Zou
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | | | - Brendan D Snarr
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Tze C Shiao
- Department of Chemistry Université du Québec à Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Rene Roy
- Department of Chemistry Université du Québec à Montréal Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Taeko Miyagi
- Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute Natori Miyagi Japan
| | - Muriel Laffargue
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleUMR 1048Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Toulouse France
| | - Donald C Sheppard
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Alexey V Pshezhetsky
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research CenterUniversity of Montreal Quebec Canada
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Belkhadem K, Cao Y, Roy R. Synthesis of Galectin Inhibitors by Regioselective 3'- O-Sulfation of Vanillin Lactosides Obtained under Phase Transfer Catalysis. Molecules 2020; 26:E115. [PMID: 33383774 PMCID: PMC7795656 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanillin-based lactoside derivatives were synthetized using phase-transfer catalyzed reactions from per-O-acetylated lactosyl bromide. The aldehyde group of the vanillin moiety was then modified to generate a series of related analogs having variable functionalities in the para- position of the aromatic residue. The corresponding unprotected lactosides, obtained by Zemplén transesterification, were regioselectively 3'-O-sulfated using tin chemistry activation followed by treatment with sulfur trioxide-trimethylamine complex (Men3N-SO3). Additional derivatives were also prepared from the vanillin's aldehyde using a Knoevenagel reaction to provide extended α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acid which was next reduced to the saturated counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Belkhadem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (K.B.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yihong Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (K.B.); (Y.C.)
| | - René Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (K.B.); (Y.C.)
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
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Teaming up synthetic chemistry and histochemistry for activity screening in galectin-directed inhibitor design. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 147:285-301. [PMID: 28013366 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of endogenous lectins is their ability to select a few distinct glycoconjugates as counterreceptors for functional pairing from the natural abundance of cellular glycoproteins and glycolipids. As a consequence, assays to assess inhibition of lectin binding should necessarily come as close as possible to the physiological situation, to characterize an impact of a synthetic compound on biorelevant binding with pharmaceutical perspective. We here introduce in a proof-of-principle manner work with sections of paraffin-embedded tissue (jejunum, epididymis) and labeled adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins, harboring one (galectin-1 and galectin-3) or two (galectin-8) types of lectin domain. Six pairs of synthetic lactosides from tailoring of the headgroup (3'-O-sulfation) and the aglycone (β-methyl to aromatic S- and O-linked extensions) as well as three bi- to tetravalent glycoclusters were used as test compounds. Varying extents of reduction in staining intensity by synthetic compounds relative to unsubstituted/free lactose proved the applicability and sensitivity of the method. Flanking cytofluorimetric assays on lectin binding to native cells gave similar grading, excluding a major impact of tissue fixation. The experiments revealed cell/tissue binding of galectin-8 preferentially via one domain, depending on the cell type so that the effect of an inhibitor in a certain context cannot be extrapolated to other cells/tissues. Moreover, the work with the other galectins attests that this assay enables comprehensive analysis of the galectin network in serial tissue sections to determine overlaps and regional differences in inhibitory profiles.
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Multivalent Carbohydrate-Lectin Interactions: How Synthetic Chemistry Enables Insights into Nanometric Recognition. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050629. [PMID: 27187342 PMCID: PMC6274006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycan recognition by sugar receptors (lectins) is intimately involved in many aspects of cell physiology. However, the factors explaining the exquisite selectivity of their functional pairing are not yet fully understood. Studies toward this aim will also help appraise the potential for lectin-directed drug design. With the network of adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins as therapeutic targets, the strategy to recruit synthetic chemistry to systematically elucidate structure-activity relationships is outlined, from monovalent compounds to glyco-clusters and glycodendrimers to biomimetic surfaces. The versatility of the synthetic procedures enables to take examining structural and spatial parameters, alone and in combination, to its limits, for example with the aim to produce inhibitors for distinct galectin(s) that exhibit minimal reactivity to other members of this group. Shaping spatial architectures similar to glycoconjugate aggregates, microdomains or vesicles provides attractive tools to disclose the often still hidden significance of nanometric aspects of the different modes of lectin design (sequence divergence at the lectin site, differences of spatial type of lectin-site presentation). Of note, testing the effectors alone or in combination simulating (patho)physiological conditions, is sure to bring about new insights into the cooperation between lectins and the regulation of their activity.
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Rodrigue J, Ganne G, Blanchard B, Saucier C, Giguère D, Shiao TC, Varrot A, Imberty A, Roy R. Aromatic thioglycoside inhibitors against the virulence factor LecA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 11:6906-18. [PMID: 24057051 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41422a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Three small families of hydrolytically stable thioaryl glycosides were prepared as inhibitors of the LecA (PA-IL) virulence factor corresponding to the carbohydrate binding lectin from the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The monosaccharidic arylthio β-d-galactopyranosides served as a common template for the major series that was also substituted at the O-3 position. Arylthio disaccharides from lactose and from melibiose constituted the other two series members. In spite of the fact that the natural ligand for LecA is a glycolipid of the globotriaosylceramide having an α-d-galactopyranoside epitope, this study illustrated that the β-d-galactopyranoside configuration having a hydrophobic aglycon could override the requirement toward the anomeric configuration of the natural sugar. The enzyme linked lectin assay together with isothermal titration microcalorimetry established that naphthyl 1-thio-β-d-galactopyranoside () gave the best inhibition with an IC50 twenty-three times better than that of the reference methyl α-d-galactopyranoside. In addition it showed a KD of 6.3 μM which was ten times better than that of the reference compound. The X-ray crystal structure of LecA with was also obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Rodrigue
- PharmaQAM - Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P8.
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Sharma R, Kottari N, Chabre YM, Abbassi L, Shiao TC, Roy R. A highly versatile convergent/divergent “onion peel” synthetic strategy toward potent multivalent glycodendrimers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:13300-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06191h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Both convergent and divergent strategies for the synthesis of “onion peel” glycodendrimers are reported which resulted in one of the best multivalent ligands known against the virulent factor from a bacterial lectin isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Sharma
- Pharmaqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Quebec a Montreal
- Montreal, Canada H3C 3P8
| | - Naresh Kottari
- Pharmaqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Quebec a Montreal
- Montreal, Canada H3C 3P8
| | - Yoann M. Chabre
- Pharmaqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Quebec a Montreal
- Montreal, Canada H3C 3P8
| | - Leïla Abbassi
- Pharmaqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Quebec a Montreal
- Montreal, Canada H3C 3P8
| | - Tze Chieh Shiao
- Pharmaqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Quebec a Montreal
- Montreal, Canada H3C 3P8
| | - René Roy
- Pharmaqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Quebec a Montreal
- Montreal, Canada H3C 3P8
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Gingras M, Chabre YM, Roy M, Roy R. How do multivalent glycodendrimers benefit from sulfur chemistry? Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4823-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60090d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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André S, Giguère D, Dam TK, Brewer F, Gabius HJ, Roy R. Synthesis and screening of a small glycomimetic library for inhibitory activity on medically relevant galactoside-specific lectins in assays of increasing biorelevance. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00277a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Gan Z, Cao S, Wu Q, Roy R. Regiospecific Syntheses of N-Acetyllactosamine Derivatives and Application Toward a Highly Practical Synthesis of Lewis X Trisaccharide. J Carbohydr Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309908544034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghong Gan
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
- b Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
- c Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
- d Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Suoding Cao
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
- b Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
- c Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
- d Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Qingquan Wu
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
- b Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
- c Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
- d Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - René Roy
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
- b Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
- c Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
- d Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
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Roy R. DESIGNING NOVEL MULTIVALENT GLYCOTOOLS FOR BIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS RELATED TO SIALIC ACID. J Carbohydr Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/car-120016489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kim JM, Roy R. Phase Transfer Catalyzed Anomeric Nucleophilic Substitutions with D-Xylopyranosyl Halides. J Carbohydr Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328309708005749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Mi Kim
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa Ottawa , Ontario, Canada , K1N 6N5
| | - René Roy
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Ottawa Ottawa , Ontario, Canada , K1N 6N5
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Giguère D, Sato S, St-Pierre C, Sirois S, Roy R. Aryl O- and S-galactosides and lactosides as specific inhibitors of human galectins-1 and -3: Role of electrostatic potential at O-3. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:1668-72. [PMID: 16403629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2005] [Revised: 12/02/2005] [Accepted: 12/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phase transfer catalyzed reaction was used for the high yielding synthesis of aryl 1-thio-beta-d-galacto- and lacto-pyranosides carrying a panel of substituents on the phenyl groups. Best galectin-1 inhibitors were simple p-nitrophenyl thiogalactoside 5a for the monosaccharide and o-nitrophenyl thiolactoside 6f or napthylsulfonyl lactoside 8c, both being 20 times better relative to natural ligands. Relative inhibitory properties as low as 2500 and 40 microM were observed, respectively. The electronic effects of the lactoside aglycons directly influenced the electrostatic potential at O-3, which was associated with the inhibitory potencies against galectin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Giguère
- Departement of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, PO Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville Montreal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P8
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Giguère D, Patnam R, Bellefleur MA, St-Pierre C, Sato S, Roy R. Carbohydrate triazoles and isoxazoles as inhibitors of galectins-1 and -3. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:2379-81. [PMID: 16733586 DOI: 10.1039/b517529a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Galactosides and lactosides bearing triazoles or isoxazoles, regiospecifically prepared by [1,3]-dipolar cycloadditions between alkynes, azides or nitrile oxides, provided specific galectin-1 and -3 inhibitors with potencies as low as 20 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Giguère
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville Montreal, Que., Canada H3C 3P8
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Gan Z, Roy R. Facile Preparation of Divalent Sialoside Derivatives by Olefin Metathesis Reaction. Tetrahedron 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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