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Kurisu M, Kissner R, Imai M, Walde P. Application of an enzymatic cascade reaction for the synthesis of the emeraldine salt form of polyaniline. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe synthesis of the emeraldine salt form of polyaniline (PANI-ES) from aniline with Aspergillus sp. glucose oxidase (GOD), d-glucose, dissolved O2, and horseradish peroxidase isoenzyme C (HRPC) in the presence of large unilamellar vesicles of AOT (sodium bis-(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate) as templates at pH = 4.3 and T ~ 25 °C was investigated in a systematic way. In this cascade reaction mixture, the oxidation of aniline is catalyzed by HRPC with H2O2 that is formed in situ as byproduct of the GOD-catalyzed oxidation of d-glucose with O2. Under the elaborated experimental conditions which we considered ideal, the formation of PANI-ES products is evident, as judged by UV/Vis/NIR and EPR measurements. Comparison was made with a reference reaction, which was run under similar conditions with added H2O2 instead of GOD and d-glucose. Although the reference reaction was found to be superior, with the cascade reaction, PANI-ES products can still be obtained with high aniline conversion (> 90%) within 24 h as stable dark green PANI-ES/AOT vesicle dispersion. Our results show that the in situ formation of H2O2 does not prevent the inactivation of HRPC known to occur in the reference reaction. Moreover, the GOD used in the cascade reaction is inactivated as well by polymerization intermediates.
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Ćirić-Marjanović G, Milojević-Rakić M, Janošević-Ležaić A, Luginbühl S, Walde P. Enzymatic oligomerization and polymerization of arylamines: state of the art and perspectives. CHEMICKE ZVESTI 2016; 71:199-242. [PMID: 28775395 PMCID: PMC5495875 DOI: 10.1007/s11696-016-0094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The literature concerning the oxidative oligomerization and polymerization of various arylamines, e.g., aniline, substituted anilines, aminonaphthalene and its derivatives, catalyzed by oxidoreductases, such as laccases and peroxidases, in aqueous, organic, and mixed aqueous organic monophasic or biphasic media, is reviewed. An overview of template-free as well as template-assisted enzymatic syntheses of oligomers and polymers of arylamines is given. Special attention is paid to mechanistic aspects of these biocatalytic processes. Because of the nontoxicity of oxidoreductases and their high catalytic efficiency, as well as high selectivity of enzymatic oligomerizations/polymerizations under mild conditions-using mainly water as a solvent and often resulting in minimal byproduct formation-enzymatic oligomerizations and polymerizations of arylamines are environmentally friendly and significantly contribute to a "green" chemistry of conducting and redox-active oligomers and polymers. Current and potential future applications of enzymatic polymerization processes and enzymatically synthesized oligo/polyarylamines are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Ćirić-Marjanović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Milojević-Rakić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Janošević-Ležaić
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Instrumental Methods, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Luginbühl
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Walde
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Ležaić AJ, Luginbühl S, Bajuk-Bogdanović D, Pašti I, Kissner R, Rakvin B, Walde P, Ćirić-Marjanović G. Insight into the template effect of vesicles on the laccase-catalyzed oligomerization of N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine from Raman spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry measurements. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30724. [PMID: 27561552 PMCID: PMC4999881 DOI: 10.1038/srep30724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report about the first Raman spectroscopy study of a vesicle-assisted enzyme-catalyzed oligomerization reaction. The aniline dimer N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (= p-aminodiphenylamine, PADPA) was oxidized and oligomerized with Trametes versicolor laccase and dissolved O2 in the presence of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) vesicles (80–100 nm diameter) as templates. The conversion of PADPA into oligomeric products, poly(PADPA), was monitored during the reaction by in situ Raman spectroscopy. The results obtained are compared with UV/vis/NIR and EPR measurements. All three complementary methods indicate that at least some of the poly(PADPA) products, formed in the presence of AOT vesicles, resemble the conductive emeraldine salt form of polyaniline (PANI-ES). The Raman measurements also show that structural units different from those of “ordinary” PANI-ES are present too. Without vesicles PANI-ES-like products are not obtained. For the first time, the as-prepared stable poly(PADPA)-AOT vesicle suspension was used directly to coat electrodes (without product isolation) for investigating redox activities of poly(PADPA) by cyclic voltammetry (CV). CV showed that poly(PADPA) produced with vesicles is redox active not only at pH 1.1–as expected for PANI-ES–but also at pH 6.0, unlike PANI-ES and poly(PADPA) synthesized without vesicles. This extended pH range of the redox activity of poly(PADPA) is important for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Janoševic Ležaić
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physical Chemistry and Instrumental Methods, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Luginbühl
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Danica Bajuk-Bogdanović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Pašti
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Reinhard Kissner
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Boris Rakvin
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Institute Ruđer Bošković, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Peter Walde
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physical Chemistry and Instrumental Methods, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Ćirić-Marjanović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
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Junker K, Luginbühl S, Schüttel M, Bertschi L, Kissner R, Schuler LD, Rakvin B, Walde P. Efficient Polymerization of the Aniline Dimer p-Aminodiphenylamine (PADPA) with Trametes versicolor Laccase/O2 as Catalyst and Oxidant and AOT Vesicles as Templates. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs500769d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Junker
- Laboratory
of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luginbühl
- Laboratory
of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mischa Schüttel
- Laboratory
of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Louis Bertschi
- Mass Spectrometry Service Facility, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Kissner
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Boris Rakvin
- Division
of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička
c. 54, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Peter Walde
- Laboratory
of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Bouldin RM, Kokil A, Ponrathnam T, Urban N, Kumar J, Samuelson LA, Nagarajan R. Biocatalyic synthesis of unusually photoluminescent oligomers and electrically conducting polymers of 4-(3-pyrrolyl)butyric acid. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Bouldin
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences; Bentley University; Waltham Massachusetts 02452
| | - Akshay Kokil
- Center for Advanced Materials; University of Massachusetts Lowell; Lowell Massachusetts 01854
| | - Timothy Ponrathnam
- Department of Plastics Engineering; University of Massachusetts Lowell; Lowell Massachusetts 01854
| | | | - Jayant Kumar
- Center for Advanced Materials; University of Massachusetts Lowell; Lowell Massachusetts 01854
- Department of Physics; University of Massachusetts Lowell; Lowell Massachusetts 01854
| | - Lynne A. Samuelson
- U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development, and Engineering Center; Natick Massachusetts 01796
| | - Ramaswamy Nagarajan
- Center for Advanced Materials; University of Massachusetts Lowell; Lowell Massachusetts 01854
- Department of Plastics Engineering; University of Massachusetts Lowell; Lowell Massachusetts 01854
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Otrokhov GV, Morozova OV, Vasil’eva IS, Shumakovich GP, Zaitseva EA, Khlupova ME, Yaropolov AI. Biocatalytic synthesis of conducting polymers and prospects for its application. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 78:1539-53. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913130117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ravichandran S, Nagarajan S, Kokil A, Ponrathnam T, Bouldin RM, Bruno FF, Samuelson L, Kumar J, Nagarajan R. Micellar nanoreactors for hematin catalyzed synthesis of electrically conducting polypyrrole. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:13380-13386. [PMID: 22906396 DOI: 10.1021/la302494a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic synthesis of doped polypyrrole (PPy) complexes using oxidoreductases (specifically peroxidases) is very well established "green" methods for producing conducting polypyrrole. The importance of this approach is realized by the numerous potential opportunities of using PPy in biological applications. However, due to very high costs and low acid stability of these enzymes, there is need for more robust alternate biomimetic catalysts. Hematin, a hydroxyferriprotoporphyrin, has a similar iron catalytic active center like the peroxidases and has previously shown to catalyze polymerization of phenol monomers at pH 12. The insolubility of hematin due to extensive self-aggregation at low pH conditions has prevented its use in the synthesis of conjugated polymers. In this study, we have demonstrated the use of a micellar environment with sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBSA) for biomimetic synthesis of PPy. The micellar environment helps solubilize hematin, generating nanometer size reactors for the polymerization of pyrrole. The resulting PPy is characterized using UV-visible, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and reveals the formation of an ordered PPy/DBSA complex with conductivities approaching 0.1 S/cm.
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Junker K, Zandomeneghi G, Guo Z, Kissner R, Ishikawa T, Kohlbrecher J, Walde P. Mechanistic aspects of the horseradish peroxidase-catalysed polymerisation of aniline in the presence of AOT vesicles as templates. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20566a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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