1
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Virgilio EM, Padró CL, Sad ME. Effect of Support Properties on Selective Butanediols Production from Erythritol using Ir/ReO
x
Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel M. Virgilio
- Catalysis Science and Engineering Research Group (GICIC), INCAPE UNL-CONICET Predio CCT Conicet Santa Fe Colectora RN 168 km 0 Paraje El Pozo 3000 Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Cristina L. Padró
- Catalysis Science and Engineering Research Group (GICIC), INCAPE UNL-CONICET Predio CCT Conicet Santa Fe Colectora RN 168 km 0 Paraje El Pozo 3000 Santa Fe Argentina
| | - María E. Sad
- Catalysis Science and Engineering Research Group (GICIC), INCAPE UNL-CONICET Predio CCT Conicet Santa Fe Colectora RN 168 km 0 Paraje El Pozo 3000 Santa Fe Argentina
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2
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Bhongale P, Joshi S, Mali N. A comprehensive review on catalytic O-alkylation of phenol and hydroquinone. CATALYSIS REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2021.1930490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bhongale
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National ChemicalLaboratory, Pune-411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Sunil Joshi
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National ChemicalLaboratory, Pune-411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Nilesh Mali
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National ChemicalLaboratory, Pune-411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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3
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Senanayake HS, Greathouse JA, Ilgen AG, Thompson WH. Simulations of the IR and Raman spectra of water confined in amorphous silica slit pores. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:104503. [PMID: 33722003 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Water in nano-scale confining environments is a key element in many biological, material, and geological systems. The structure and dynamics of the liquid can be dramatically modified under these conditions. Probing these changes can be challenging, but vibrational spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating their behavior. A critical, evolving component of this approach is a detailed understanding of the connection between spectroscopic features and molecular-level details. In this paper, this issue is addressed by using molecular dynamics simulations to simulate the linear infrared (IR) and Raman spectra for isotopically dilute HOD in D2O confined in hydroxylated amorphous silica slit pores. The effect of slit-pore width and hydroxyl density on the silica surface on the vibrational spectra is also investigated. The primary effect of confinement is a blueshift in the frequency of OH groups donating a hydrogen bond to the silica surface. This appears as a slight shift in the total (measurable) spectra but is clearly seen in the distance-based IR and Raman spectra. Analysis indicates that these changes upon confinement are associated with the weaker hydrogen-bond accepting properties of silica oxygens compared to water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffery A Greathouse
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Anastasia G Ilgen
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Ward H Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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4
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Halim H, Putra SEM, Muttaqien F, Hamada I, Inagaki K, Hamamoto Y, Morikawa Y. Multi-scale Simulation of Equilibrium Step Fluctuations on Cu(111) Surfaces. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:5183-5196. [PMID: 33681560 PMCID: PMC7931195 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the nature of active sites is a non-trivial task, especially when the catalyst is sensitively affected by chemical reactions and environmental conditions. The challenge lies on capturing explicitly the dynamics of catalyst evolution during reactions. Despite the complexity of catalyst reconstruction, we can untangle them into several elementary processes, of which surface diffusion is of prime importance. By applying density functional theory-kinetic Monte Carlo (DFT-KMC) simulation employed with cluster expansion (CE), we investigated the microscopic mechanism of surface diffusion of Cu with defects such as steps and kinks. Based on the result, the energetics obtained from CE have shown good agreement with DFT calculations. Various diffusion events during the step fluctuations are discussed as well. Aside from the adatom attachment, the diffusion along the step edge is found to be the dominant mass transport mechanism, indicated by the lowest activation energy. We also calculated time correlation functions at 300, 400, and 500 K. However, the time exponent in the correlation function does not strictly follow the power law behavior due to the limited step length, which inhibits variation in the kink density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry
Handoko Halim
- Department
of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Septia Eka Marsha Putra
- Department
of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fahdzi Muttaqien
- Master
Program in Computational Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural
Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
- Instrumentation
and Computational Physics Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and
Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Ikutaro Hamada
- Department
of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Kouji Inagaki
- Department
of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Yuji Hamamoto
- Department
of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Yoshitada Morikawa
- Department
of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
- Research
Center for Ultra-Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School
of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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5
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Chee SW, Lunkenbein T, Schlögl R, Cuenya BR. In situand operandoelectron microscopy in heterogeneous catalysis-insights into multi-scale chemical dynamics. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:153001. [PMID: 33825698 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abddfd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review features state-of-the-artin situandoperandoelectron microscopy (EM) studies of heterogeneous catalysts in gas and liquid environments during reaction. Heterogeneous catalysts are important materials for the efficient production of chemicals/fuels on an industrial scale and for energy conversion applications. They also play a central role in various emerging technologies that are needed to ensure a sustainable future for our society. Currently, the rational design of catalysts has largely been hampered by our lack of insight into the working structures that exist during reaction and their associated properties. However, elucidating the working state of catalysts is not trivial, because catalysts are metastable functional materials that adapt dynamically to a specific reaction condition. The structural or morphological alterations induced by chemical reactions can also vary locally. A complete description of their morphologies requires that the microscopic studies undertaken span several length scales. EMs, especially transmission electron microscopes, are powerful tools for studying the structure of catalysts at the nanoscale because of their high spatial resolution, relatively high temporal resolution, and complementary capabilities for chemical analysis. Furthermore, recent advances have enabled the direct observation of catalysts under realistic environmental conditions using specialized reaction cells. Here, we will critically discuss the importance of spatially-resolvedoperandomeasurements and the available experimental setups that enable (1) correlated studies where EM observations are complemented by separate measurements of reaction kinetics or spectroscopic analysis of chemical species during reaction or (2) real-time studies where the dynamics of catalysts are followed with EM and the catalytic performance is extracted directly from the reaction cell that is within the EM column or chamber. Examples of current research in this field will be presented. Challenges in the experimental application of these techniques and our perspectives on the field's future directions will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- See Wee Chee
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, 45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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6
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Yang K, Zhang D, Zou M, Yu L, Huang S. The Known and Overlooked Sides of Zeolite‐Extrudate Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Yang
- Division of Fossil Energy Conversion Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Dazhi Zhang
- Division of Fossil Energy Conversion Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zou
- Division of Fossil Energy Conversion Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Lili Yu
- Division of catalysis Zhejiang New Harmony Union (NHU) Co. Ltd Xinchang, Zhejiang 312500 P. R. China
| | - Shengjun Huang
- Division of Fossil Energy Conversion Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
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7
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Pirmoradi M, Janulaitis N, Gulotty RJ, Kastner JR. Continuous Hydrogenation of Aqueous Furfural Using a Metal-Supported Activated Carbon Monolith. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:7836-7849. [PMID: 32309693 PMCID: PMC7160850 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Continuous hydrogenation of aqueous furfural (4.5%) was studied using a monolith form (ACM) of an activated carbon Pd catalyst (∼1.2% Pd). A sequential reaction pathway was observed, with ACM achieving high selectivity and space time yields (STYs) for furfuryl alcohol (∼25%, 60-70 g/L-cat/h, 7-15 1/h liquid hourly space velocity, LHSV), 2-methylfuran (∼25%, 45-50 g/L-cat/h, 7-15 1/h LHSV), and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (∼20-60%, 10-50 g/L-cat/h, <7 1/h LHSV). ACM showed a low loss of activity and metal leaching over the course of the reactions and was not limited by H2 external mass transfer resistance. Acetic acid (1%) did not significantly affect furfural conversion and product yields using ACM, suggesting Pd/ACM's potential for conversion of crude furfural. Limited metal leaching combined with high metal dispersion and H2 mass transfer rates in the composite carbon catalyst (ACM) provides possible advantages over granular and powdered forms in continuous processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pirmoradi
- Biochemical
Engineering, College of Engineering Driftmier Engineering Center, The University of Georgia, 597 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Nida Janulaitis
- Biochemical
Engineering, College of Engineering Driftmier Engineering Center, The University of Georgia, 597 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Robert J. Gulotty
- Applied
Catalysts/Applied Ceramics Inc., 2 Technology Place, Laurens, South Carolina 29360, United States
| | - James R. Kastner
- Biochemical
Engineering, College of Engineering Driftmier Engineering Center, The University of Georgia, 597 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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8
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Reichenberger S, Marzun G, Muhler M, Barcikowski S. Perspective of Surfactant‐Free Colloidal Nanoparticles in Heterogeneous Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Reichenberger
- University of Duisburg-EssenTechnical Chemistry I Universitätsstrasse 7 Essen 45141 Germany
| | - Galina Marzun
- University of Duisburg-EssenTechnical Chemistry I Universitätsstrasse 7 Essen 45141 Germany
| | - Martin Muhler
- Ruhr-University BochumDepartment for Technical Chemistry Universitätsstraße 150 Bochum 44801 Germany
| | - Stephan Barcikowski
- University of Duisburg-EssenTechnical Chemistry I Universitätsstrasse 7 Essen 45141 Germany
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9
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Recent advances in heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(19)63336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Ge J, Li Z, Hong X, Li Y. Surface Atomic Regulation of Core–Shell Noble Metal Catalysts. Chemistry 2019; 25:5113-5127. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Ge
- Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis (CAN), Department of Applied ChemistryHefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis (CAN), Department of Applied ChemistryHefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Xun Hong
- Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis (CAN), Department of Applied ChemistryHefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of ChemistryTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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11
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Hunt ST, Román-Leshkov Y. Principles and Methods for the Rational Design of Core-Shell Nanoparticle Catalysts with Ultralow Noble Metal Loadings. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:1054-1062. [PMID: 29510023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Conspecuts Commercial and emerging renewable energy technologies are underpinned by precious metal catalysts, which enable the transformation of reactants into useful products. However, the noble metals (NMs) comprise the least abundant elements in the lithosphere, making them prohibitively scarce and expensive for future global-scale technologies. As such, intense research efforts have been devoted to eliminating or substantially reducing the loadings of NMs in various catalytic applications. These efforts have resulted in a plethora of heterogeneous NM catalyst morphologies beyond the traditional supported spherical nanoparticle. In many of these new architectures, such as shaped, high index, and bimetallic particles, less than 20% of the loaded NMs are available to perform catalytic turnovers. The majority of NM atoms are subsurface, providing only a secondary catalytic role through geometric and ligand effects with the active surface NM atoms. A handful of architectures can approach 100% NM utilization, but severe drawbacks limit general applicability. For example, in addition to problems with stability and leaching, single atom and ultrasmall cluster catalysts have extreme metal-support interactions, discretized d-bands, and a lack of adjacent NM surface sites. While monolayer thin films do not possess these features, they exhibit such low surface areas that they are not commercially relevant, serving predominantly as model catalysts. This Account champions core-shell nanoparticles (CS NPs) as a vehicle to design highly active, stable, and low-cost materials with high NM utilization for both thermo- and electrocatalysis. The unique benefits of the many emerging NM architectures could be preserved while their fundamental limitations could be overcome through reformulation via a core-shell morphology. However, the commercial realization of CS NPs remains challenging, requiring concerted advances in theory and manufacturing. We begin by formulating seven constraints governing proper core material design, which naturally point to early transition metal ceramics as suitable core candidates. Two constraints prove extremely challenging. The first relates to the core modifying the shell work function and d-band. To properly investigate materials that could satisfy this constraint, we discuss our development of a new heat, quench, and exfoliation (HQE) density functional theory (DFT) technique to model heterometallic interfaces. This technique is used to predict how transition metal carbides can favorably tune the catalytic properties of various NM monolayer shell configurations. The second challenging constraint relates to the scalable manufacturing of CS NP architectures with independent synthetic control of the thickness and composition of the shell and the size and composition of the core. We discuss our development of a synthetic method that enables high temperature self-assembly of tunable CS NP configurations. Finally, we discuss how these principles and methods were used to design catalysts for a variety of applications. These include the design of a thermally stable sub-monolayer CS catalyst, a highly active methanol electrooxidation catalyst, CO-tolerant Pt catalysts, and a hydrogen evolution catalyst that is less expensive than state-of-the-art NM-free catalysts. Such core-shell architectures offer the promise of ultralow precious metal loadings while ceramic cores hold the promise of thermodynamic stability and access to unique catalytic activity/tunability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T. Hunt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yuriy Román-Leshkov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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12
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Dong Y, Yu X, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Lian X, Yi X, Fang W. Towards active macro–mesoporous hydrotreating catalysts: synthesis and assembly of mesoporous alumina microspheres. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy02621h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stable macro–mesoporous alumina formed via a pore-directing-agent-free molding process shows promise for the hydrotreatment of heavy oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Dong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols
- Ethers and Esters
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Xiang Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols
- Ethers and Esters
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Yao Zhou
- College of Energy
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- PR China
| | - Yingrui Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols
- Ethers and Esters
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Xinyi Lian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols
- Ethers and Esters
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Xiaodong Yi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols
- Ethers and Esters
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Weiping Fang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols
- Ethers and Esters
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
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13
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Nanosize Effect in Heterogeneous Catalytic Processes Over Copper, Iron, and Zirconium Oxides. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-017-9530-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Palermo A, Solovyov A, Ertler D, Okrut A, Gates BC, Katz A. Dialing in single-site reactivity of a supported calixarene-protected tetrairidium cluster catalyst. Chem Sci 2017; 8:4951-4960. [PMID: 28959418 PMCID: PMC5607854 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00686a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A closed Ir4 carbonyl cluster, 1, comprising a tetrahedral metal frame and three sterically bulky tert-butyl-calix[4]arene(OPr)3(OCH2PPh2) (Ph = phenyl; Pr = propyl) ligands at the basal plane, was characterized with variable-temperature 13C NMR spectroscopy, which show the absence of scrambling of the CO ligands at temperatures up to 313 K. This demonstration of distinct sites for the CO ligands was found to extend to the reactivity and catalytic properties, as shown by selective decarbonylation in a reaction with trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) as an oxidant, which, reacting in the presence of ethylene, leads to the selective bonding of an ethyl ligand at the apical Ir site. These clusters were supported intact on porous silica and found to catalyze ethylene hydrogenation, and a comparison of the kinetics of the single-hydrogenation reaction and steady-state hydrogenation catalysis demonstrates a unique single-site catalyst-with each site having the same catalytic activity. Reaction orders in the catalytic ethylene hydrogenation reaction of approximately 1/2 and 0 for H2 and C2H4, respectively, nearly match those for conventional noble-metal catalysts. In contrast to oxidative decarbonylation, thermal desorption of CO from silica-supported cluster 1 occurred exclusively at the basal plane, giving rise to sites that do not react with ethylene and are catalytically inactive for ethylene hydrogenation. The evidence of distinctive sites on the cluster catalyst leads to a model that links to hydrogen-transfer catalysis on metals-involving some surface sites that bond to both hydrocarbon and hydrogen and are catalytically engaged (so-called "*" sites) and others, at the basal plane, which bond hydrogen and CO but not hydrocarbon and are reservoir sites (so-called "S" sites).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Palermo
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of California at Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , USA .
| | - Andrew Solovyov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720-1462 , USA . ;
| | - Daniel Ertler
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720-1462 , USA . ;
| | - Alexander Okrut
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720-1462 , USA . ;
| | - Bruce C Gates
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of California at Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , USA .
| | - Alexander Katz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720-1462 , USA . ;
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15
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Alvino JF, Bennett T, Kler R, Hudson RJ, Aupoil J, Nann T, Golovko VB, Andersson GG, Metha GF. Apparatus for the investigation of high-temperature, high-pressure gas-phase heterogeneous catalytic and photo-catalytic materials. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:054101. [PMID: 28571412 DOI: 10.1063/1.4982350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A high-temperature, high-pressure, pulsed-gas sampling and detection system has been developed for testing new catalytic and photocatalytic materials for the production of solar fuels. The reactor is fitted with a sapphire window to allow the irradiation of photocatalytic samples from a lamp or solar simulator light source. The reactor has a volume of only 3.80 ml allowing for the investigation of very small quantities of a catalytic material, down to 1 mg. The stainless steel construction allows the cell to be heated to 350 °C and can withstand pressures up to 27 bar, limited only by the sapphire window. High-pressure sampling is made possible by a computer controlled pulsed valve that delivers precise gas flow, enabling catalytic reactions to be monitored across a wide range of pressures. A residual gas analyser mass spectrometer forms a part of the detection system, which is able to provide a rapid, real-time analysis of the gas composition within the photocatalytic reaction chamber. This apparatus is ideal for investigating a number of industrially relevant reactions including photocatalytic water splitting and CO2 reduction. Initial catalytic results using Pt-doped and Ru nanoparticle-doped TiO2 as benchmark experiments are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason F Alvino
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Trystan Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Rantej Kler
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology, Flinders University, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Rohan J Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Julien Aupoil
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Nann
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Vladimir B Golovko
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Gunther G Andersson
- Flinders Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology, Flinders University, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Gregory F Metha
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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16
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Abstract
Zeolite and zeolite-like molecular sieves are being used in a large number of applications such as adsorption and catalysis. Achievement of the long-standing goal of creating a chiral, polycrystalline molecular sieve with bulk enantioenrichment would enable these materials to perform enantioselective functions. Here, we report the synthesis of enantiomerically enriched samples of a molecular sieve. Enantiopure organic structure directing agents are designed with the assistance of computational methods and used to synthesize enantioenriched, polycrystalline molecular sieve samples of either enantiomer. Computational results correctly predicted which enantiomer is obtained, and enantiomeric enrichment is proven by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The enantioenriched and racemic samples of the molecular sieves are tested as adsorbents and heterogeneous catalysts. The enantioenriched molecular sieves show enantioselectivity for the ring opening reaction of epoxides and enantioselective adsorption of 2-butanol (the R enantiomer of the molecular sieve shows opposite and approximately equal enantioselectivity compared with the S enantiomer of the molecular sieve, whereas the racemic sample of the molecular sieve shows no enantioselectivity).
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18
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Pakdehi SG, Rasoolzadeh M, Moghadam AS. Barium oxide as a modifier to stabilize the γ-Al2O3 structure. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/pjct-2016-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This research concentrated on the structural stability of γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3) was investigated by a combination of differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry and surface-area measurements. The γ –to– θ and then α phase transitions were observed as an exothermic peak at 1000°C–1400°C in the DTA curves. The role of barium oxide as a modifier to stabilize γ-Al2O3 structure has been investigated. XRD measurements show that after calcination at 1000°C for 2 h, a significant fraction of the pure γ-Al2O3 (BaO-free) transformed to θ-Al2O3 while that the transition phase in alumina samples modified by BaO have been reduced significantly. Barium oxide, eliminate pentacoordinated aluminum ions through coordinative saturation and alter these ions into octahedral cations and effectively suppressed the γ –to– α phase transition in Al2O3, which concluded as improving the thermal stability and porous properties of the experimental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram G. Pakdehi
- Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Maryam Rasoolzadeh
- Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Ali Saberi Moghadam
- Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
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19
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Hamieh A, Chen Y, Abdel-Azeim S, Abou-hamad E, Goh S, Samantaray M, Dey R, Cavallo L, Basset JM. Well-Defined Surface Species [(≡Si—O—)W(═O)Me3] Prepared by Direct Methylation of [(≡Si—O—)W(═O)Cl3], a Catalyst for Cycloalkane Metathesis and Transformation of Ethylene to Propylene. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/cs5020749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hamieh
- Physical Sciences and Engineering,
KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yin Chen
- Physical Sciences and Engineering,
KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safwat Abdel-Azeim
- Physical Sciences and Engineering,
KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edy Abou-hamad
- Physical Sciences and Engineering,
KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Serena Goh
- Physical Sciences and Engineering,
KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manoja Samantaray
- Physical Sciences and Engineering,
KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raju Dey
- Physical Sciences and Engineering,
KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Physical Sciences and Engineering,
KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean Marie Basset
- Physical Sciences and Engineering,
KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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