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Clothier GKK, Guimarães TR, Thompson SW, Rho JY, Perrier S, Moad G, Zetterlund PB. Multiblock copolymer synthesis via RAFT emulsion polymerization. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3438-3469. [PMID: 37093560 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00115b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
A multiblock copolymer is a polymer of a specific structure that consists of multiple covalently linked segments, each comprising a different monomer type. The control of the monomer sequence has often been described as the "holy grail" of synthetic polymer chemistry, with the ultimate goal being synthetic access to polymers of a "perfect" structure, where each monomeric building block is placed at a desired position along the polymer chain. Given that polymer properties are intimately linked to the microstructure and monomer distribution along the constituent chains, it goes without saying that there exist seemingly endless opportunities in terms of fine-tuning the properties of such materials by careful consideration of the length of each block, the number and order of blocks, and the inclusion of monomers with specific functional groups. The area of multiblock copolymer synthesis remains relatively unexplored, in particular with regard to structure-property relationships, and there are currently significant opportunities for the design and synthesis of advanced materials. The present review focuses on the synthesis of multiblock copolymers via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization implemented as aqueous emulsion polymerization. RAFT emulsion polymerization offers intriguing opportunities not only for the advanced synthesis of multiblock copolymers, but also provides access to polymeric nanoparticles of specific morphologies. Precise multiblock copolymer synthesis coupled with self-assembly offers material morphology control on length scales ranging from a few nanometers to a micrometer. It is imperative that polymer chemists interact with physicists and material scientists to maximize the impact of these materials of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn K K Clothier
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Thiago R Guimarães
- MACROARC, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Steven W Thompson
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Julia Y Rho
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Per B Zetterlund
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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2
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Flanders M, Gramlich WM. Water-Soluble and Degradation-Resistant Curcumin Copolymers from Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain (RAFT) Copolymerization. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Flanders
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - William M. Gramlich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
- Advance Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
- Institute of Medicine, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
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3
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Bingham NM, Abousalman-Rezvani Z, Collins K, Roth PJ. Thiocarbonyl Chemistry in Polymer Science. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00050d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organised by reaction type, this review highlights the unique reactivity of thiocarbonyl (C=S) groups with radicals, anions, nucleophiles, electrophiles, in pericyclic reactions, and in the presence of light. In the...
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4
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González-Blanco R, Cunningham MF, Saldívar-Guerra E. Copolymerization of Styrene with 2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate and 2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate by Semibatch Emulsion Polymerization Using BlocBuilderMA as Macroinitiator. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto González-Blanco
- Polymerization Processes Department, Research Center for Applied Chemistry (CIQA), Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo no. 140, 25253 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen′s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Michael F. Cunningham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen′s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Enrique Saldívar-Guerra
- Polymerization Processes Department, Research Center for Applied Chemistry (CIQA), Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo no. 140, 25253 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
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5
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Ledesma-González T, Pérez-Camacho O, Treviño ME, Torres-Lubián R, Saldívar-Guerra E. Toward Functionalized Polyolefins from the Hydrogenation of Isoprene–Glycidyl Methacrylate Copolymers Prepared by Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization in Heterogeneous Media. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Ledesma-González
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, Saltillo Coahuila 25294, Mexico
| | - Odilia Pérez-Camacho
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, Saltillo Coahuila 25294, Mexico
| | - María Esther Treviño
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, Saltillo Coahuila 25294, Mexico
| | - Román Torres-Lubián
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, Saltillo Coahuila 25294, Mexico
| | - Enrique Saldívar-Guerra
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, Saltillo Coahuila 25294, Mexico
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6
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Dalal RJ, Kumar R, Ohnsorg M, Brown M, Reineke TM. Cationic Bottlebrush Polymers Outperform Linear Polycation Analogues for pDNA Delivery and Gene Expression. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:886-893. [PMID: 35549207 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cationic polymer vehicles have emerged as promising platforms for nucleic acid delivery because of their scalability, biocompatibility, and chemical versatility. Advancements in synthetic polymer chemistry allow us to precisely tune chemical functionality with various macromolecular architectures to increase the efficacy of nonviral-based gene delivery. Herein, we demonstrate the first cationic bottlebrush polymer-mediated pDNA delivery by comparing unimolecular, synthetically defined bottlebrush polymers to their linear building blocks. We successfully synthesized poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (pDMAEMA) bottlebrushes through ring-opening metathesis polymerization to afford four bottlebrush polymers with systematic increases in backbone degree of polymerization (Nbb = 13, 20, 26, and 37), while keeping the side-chain degree of polymerization constant (Nsc = 57). Physical and chemical properties were characterized, and subsequently, the toxicity and delivery efficiency of pDNA into HEK293 cells were evaluated. The bottlebrush-pDNA complex (bottleplex) with the highest Nbb, BB_37, displayed up to a 60-fold increase in %EGFP+ cells in comparison to linear macromonomer. Additionally, we observed a trend of increasing EGFP expression with increasing polymer molecular weight. Bottleplexes and polyplexes both displayed high pDNA internalization as measured via payload enumeration per cell; however, quantitative confocal analysis revealed that bottlebrushes were able to shuttle pDNA into and around the nucleus more successfully than pDNA delivered via linear analogues. Overall, a canonical cationic monomer, such as DMAEMA, synthesized in the form of cationic bottlebrush polymers proved to be far more efficient in functional pDNA delivery and expression than linear pDMAEMA. This work underscores the importance of architectural modifications and the potential of bottlebrushes to serve as effective biomacromolecule delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishad J. Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ramya Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Monica Ohnsorg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mary Brown
- University Imaging Centers, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Kumar R, Santa Chalarca CF, Bockman MR, Bruggen CV, Grimme CJ, Dalal RJ, Hanson MG, Hexum JK, Reineke TM. Polymeric Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11527-11652. [PMID: 33939409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advent of genome editing has transformed the therapeutic landscape for several debilitating diseases, and the clinical outlook for gene therapeutics has never been more promising. The therapeutic potential of nucleic acids has been limited by a reliance on engineered viral vectors for delivery. Chemically defined polymers can remediate technological, regulatory, and clinical challenges associated with viral modes of gene delivery. Because of their scalability, versatility, and exquisite tunability, polymers are ideal biomaterial platforms for delivering nucleic acid payloads efficiently while minimizing immune response and cellular toxicity. While polymeric gene delivery has progressed significantly in the past four decades, clinical translation of polymeric vehicles faces several formidable challenges. The aim of our Account is to illustrate diverse concepts in designing polymeric vectors towards meeting therapeutic goals of in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy. Here, we highlight several classes of polymers employed in gene delivery and summarize the recent work on understanding the contributions of chemical and architectural design parameters. We touch upon characterization methods used to visualize and understand events transpiring at the interfaces between polymer, nucleic acids, and the physiological environment. We conclude that interdisciplinary approaches and methodologies motivated by fundamental questions are key to designing high-performing polymeric vehicles for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Matthew R Bockman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Craig Van Bruggen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christian J Grimme
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rishad J Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mckenna G Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Joseph K Hexum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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8
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Selianitis D, Pispas S. P(
MMA‐
co
‐HPMA
)‐
b
‐POEGMA
copolymers: synthesis, micelle formation in aqueous media and drug encapsulation. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Selianitis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute National Hellenic Research Foundation Athens Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute National Hellenic Research Foundation Athens Greece
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9
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Dual roles of 4-N,N-dimethylaminostyrene as both catalyst and monomer in reversible complexation mediated polymerization for the synthesis of functional polystyrene and polystyrene-block-polyisoprene-block-polystyrene. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Zaquen N, Rubens M, Corrigan N, Xu J, Zetterlund PB, Boyer C, Junkers T. Polymer Synthesis in Continuous Flow Reactors. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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11
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Spick MP, Bingham NM, Li Y, de Jesus J, Costa C, Bailey MJ, Roth PJ. Fully Degradable Thioester-Functional Homo- and Alternating Copolymers Prepared through Thiocarbonyl Addition–Ring-Opening RAFT Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Pourjavadi A, Kohestanian M, Streb C. pH and thermal dual-responsive poly(NIPAM-co-GMA)-coated magnetic nanoparticles via surface-initiated RAFT polymerization for controlled drug delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 108:110418. [PMID: 31924030 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a novel type of multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles with dual thermal and pH-responsive behavior was fabricated as the carrier for delivery of doxorubicin (DOX). Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles, were grafted with polymer brushes consisting of poly (NIPAM-co-GMA) (PNG) chains via surface initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (SI-RAFT) polymerization. The polymer brushes were then modified with hydrazine groups as DOX binding sites. The prepared multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, XPS, TGA, DLS, VSM, GPC, TEM, and XRD analysis. The in vitro drug release of the multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles was examined at 37 °C (above LCST) and 25 °C (below LCST) in different pH media and exhibited excellent pH- and thermo-sensitive behavior. The results show that the Fe3O4@SiO2@PNG-Hy fabricated via SI-RAFT polymerization is a viable candidate material for tumor treatment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pourjavadi
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Kohestanian
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Carsten Streb
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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13
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Pavlov GM, Okatova OV, Gosteva AA, Gubarev AS, Gostev AI, Sivtsov E. RAFT synthesized poly-N-vinylsuccinimide macromolecules: properties in dilute solutions. Colloid Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-019-04540-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Zaquen N, Kadir AMNBPHA, Iasa A, Corrigan N, Junkers T, Zetterlund PB, Boyer C. Rapid Oxygen Tolerant Aqueous RAFT Photopolymerization in Continuous Flow Reactors. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neomy Zaquen
- Organic and Bio-Polymer Chemistry (OBPC), Universiteit Hasselt, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Tanja Junkers
- Organic and Bio-Polymer Chemistry (OBPC), Universiteit Hasselt, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University, VIC 3800 Melbourne, Australia
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15
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Synthesis and characterization of magnetic hybrid nanomaterials via RAFT polymerization: A pH sensitive drug delivery system. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 174:153-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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16
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Pourjavadi A, Kohestanian M, Yaghoubi M. Poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-coated magnetic graphene oxide as a highly efficient nanocarrier: preparation, characterization, and targeted DOX delivery. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04623b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the preparation of novel magnetic graphene oxide grafted with brush polymer via SI-RAFT polymerization and its application as a nanocarrier for magnetic and pH-triggered delivery of DOX anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pourjavadi
- Polymer Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Sharif University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Mohammad Kohestanian
- Polymer Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Sharif University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Mahshid Yaghoubi
- Polymer Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Sharif University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
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17
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Moad G. A Critical Assessment of the Kinetics and Mechanism of Initiation of Radical Polymerization with Commercially Available Dialkyldiazene Initiators. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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18
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Oliver S, Zhao L, Gormley AJ, Chapman R, Boyer C. Living in the Fast Lane—High Throughput Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam J. Gormley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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19
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Haven JJ, Hendrikx M, Junkers T, Leenaers PJ, Tsompanoglou T, Boyer C, Xu J, Postma A, Moad G. Elements of RAFT Navigation. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2018-1284.ch004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joris J Haven
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
- Insitute for Materials Research, Universiteit Hasselt, B-3590 Diepenbeck, Belgium
| | - Matthew Hendrikx
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja Junkers
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
- Insitute for Materials Research, Universiteit Hasselt, B-3590 Diepenbeck, Belgium
| | - Pieter J Leenaers
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Theodora Tsompanoglou
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of NSW, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, University of NSW, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Almar Postma
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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20
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Gardiner J, Martinez-Botella I, Kohl TM, Krstina J, Moad G, Tyrell JH, Coote ML, Tsanaktsidis J. 4-Halogeno-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-1-carbodithioates: versatile reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer agents with broad applicability. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Jason H Tyrell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry; Australian National University; Canberra Australia
| | - Michelle L Coote
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry; Australian National University; Canberra Australia
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21
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Chernikova EV, Sivtsov EV. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization: Fundamentals and use in practice. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090417020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Quiclet-Sire B, Zard SZ. Some aspects of radical cascade and relay reactions. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2017; 473:20160859. [PMID: 28484329 PMCID: PMC5415689 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2016.0859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to create carbon-carbon bonds is at the heart of organic synthesis. Radical processes are particularly apt at creating such bonds, especially in cascade or relay sequences where more than one bond is formed, allowing for a rapid assembly of complex structures. In the present brief overview, examples taken from the authors' laboratory will serve to illustrate the strategic impact of radical-based approaches on synthetic planning. Transformations involving nitrogen-centred radicals, electron transfer from metallic nickel and the reversible degenerative exchange of xanthates will be presented and discussed. The last method has proved to be a particularly powerful tool for the intermolecular creation of carbon-carbon bonds by radical additions even to unactivated alkenes. Various functional groups can be brought into the same molecule in a convergent manner and made to react together in order to further increase the structural complexity. One important benefit of this chemistry is the so-called RAFT/MADIX technology for the manufacture of block copolymers of almost any desired architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samir Z. Zard
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, CNRS UMR 7652, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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23
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Duffy C, Phelan M, Zetterlund PB, Aldabbagh F. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of alkyl-2-cyanoacrylates: An assessment of livingness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cormac Duffy
- School of Chemistry; National University of Ireland Galway; Galway Ireland
- Henkel Ireland Operations & Research Limited; Whitestown Dublin 24 Ireland
| | - Marisa Phelan
- Henkel Ireland Operations & Research Limited; Whitestown Dublin 24 Ireland
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Fawaz Aldabbagh
- School of Chemistry; National University of Ireland Galway; Galway Ireland
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24
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Sevimli S, Knight FC, Gilchuk P, Joyce S, Wilson JT. Fatty Acid-Mimetic Micelles for Dual Delivery of Antigens and Imidazoquinoline Adjuvants. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:179-194. [PMID: 29046894 PMCID: PMC5642296 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine design has undergone a shift towards the use of purified protein subunit vaccines, which offer increased safety and greater control over antigen specificity, but at the expense of immunogenicity. Here we report the development of a new polymer-based vaccine delivery platform engineered to enhance immunity through the co-delivery of protein antigens and the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist imiquimod (IMQ). Owing to the preferential solubility of IMQ in fatty acids, a series of block copolymer micelles with a fatty acid-mimetic core comprising lauryl methacrylate (LMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA), and a poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) corona decorated with pyridyl disulfide ethyl methacrylate (PDSM) moieties for antigen conjugation were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Carriers composed of 50 mole% LMA (LMA50) demonstrated the highest IMQ loading (2.2 w/w%) and significantly enhanced the immunostimulatory capacity of IMQ to induce dendritic cell maturation and proinflammatory cytokine production. Conjugation of a model antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), to the corona of IMQ-loaded LMA50 micelles enhanced in vitro antigen uptake and cross-presentation on MHC class I (MHC-I). A single intranasal (IN) immunization of mice with carriers co-loaded with IMQ and OVA elicited significantly higher pulmonary and systemic CD8+ T cell responses and increased serum IgG titer relative to a soluble formulation of antigen and adjuvant. Collectively, these data demonstrate that rationally designed fatty acid-mimetic micelles enhance intracellular antigen and IMQ delivery and have potential as synthetic vectors for enhancing the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Sevimli
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2400 Highland Avenue
| | - Frances C. Knight
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place
| | - Pavlo Gilchuk
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Medical Center North
- Department of Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, 1310 24th Avenue South
| | - Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Medical Center North
- Department of Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, 1310 24th Avenue South
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - John T. Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2400 Highland Avenue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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25
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Weaver LG, Stockmann R, Postma A, Thang SH. Multi-responsive (diethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate (DEGMA)-based copolymer systems. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14425j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RAFT polymerisation was used to synthesise stimuli-responsive DEGMA-based copolymer systems, and their solution properties and aggregation behaviour were then studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - San H. Thang
- CSIRO Manufacturing
- Clayton South
- Australia
- Monash University
- School of Chemistry
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26
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Çelik G, Barsbay M, Güven O. Towards new proton exchange membrane materials with enhanced performance via RAFT polymerization. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01527h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the synthesis of well-defined proton exchange membranes (PEM) for fuel cell applications using reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in the radiation-induced grafting part of the overall process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökçe Çelik
- Department of Chemistry
- Hacettepe University
- Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Murat Barsbay
- Department of Chemistry
- Hacettepe University
- Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Olgun Güven
- Department of Chemistry
- Hacettepe University
- Ankara
- Turkey
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27
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Loczenski Rose V, Shubber S, Sajeesh S, Spain SG, Puri S, Allen S, Lee DK, Winkler GS, Mantovani G. Phosphonium Polymethacrylates for Short Interfering RNA Delivery: Effect of Polymer and RNA Structural Parameters on Polyplex Assembly and Gene Knockdown. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3480-90. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Loczenski Rose
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Boots Science Building, University
Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Saif Shubber
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Boots Science Building, University
Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - S. Sajeesh
- Global
Research Laboratory for RNAi Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sebastian G. Spain
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Sanyogitta Puri
- Pharmaceutical
Development, Astrazeneca UK Ltd., Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Stephanie Allen
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Boots Science Building, University
Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Dong-Ki Lee
- Global
Research Laboratory for RNAi Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - G. Sebastiaan Winkler
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Boots Science Building, University
Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Giuseppe Mantovani
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Boots Science Building, University
Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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