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Pezzana L, Fadlallah S, Giri G, Archimbaud C, Roppolo I, Allais F, Sangermano M. DLP 3D Printing of Levoglucosenone-Based Monomers: Exploiting Thiol-ene Chemistry for Bio-Based Polymeric Resins. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202301828. [PMID: 38837600 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a well-established technique that allows for the development of complex geometries and structures with multiple applications. While considered a more environmentally-friendly method than traditional manufacturing, a significant challenge lies in the availability and ease of synthesis of bio-based alternative resins. In our endeavor to valorize biomass, this work proposes the synthesis of new α,ω-dienes derived from cellulose-derived levoglucosenone (LGO). These dienes are not only straightforward to synthesize but also offer a tunable synthesis approach. Specifically, LGO is first converted into diol precursor, which is subsequently esterified using various carboxylic acids (in this case, 3-butenoic, and 4-pentenoic acids) through a straightforward chemical pathway. The resulting monomers were then employed in UV-activated thiol-ene chemistry for digital light process (DLP). A comprehensive study of the UV-curing process was carried out by Design of Experiment (DoE) to evaluate the influence of light intensity and photoinitiator to find the optimal curing conditions. Subsequently, a thorough thermo-mechanical characterization highlighted the influence of the chemical structure on material properties. 3D printing was performed, enabling the fabrication of complex and self-stain structures with remarkable accuracy and precision. Lastly, a chemical degradation study revealed the potential for end-of-use recycling of the bio-based thermosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Pezzana
- Dipartimento Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Sami Fadlallah
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), AgroParisTech, 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | - German Giri
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), AgroParisTech, 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | - Corentin Archimbaud
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), AgroParisTech, 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | - Ignazio Roppolo
- Dipartimento Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), AgroParisTech, 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | - Marco Sangermano
- Dipartimento Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
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Jevric M, Klepp J, Puschnig J, Lamb O, Sumby CJ, Greatrex BW. Skeletal rearrangement of 6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4-ols promoted by thionyl chloride or Appel conditions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:823-829. [PMID: 38655557 PMCID: PMC11035982 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A skeletal rearrangement of a series of 6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4-ols has been developed using SOCl2 in the presence of pyridine. An oxygen migration from C5 to C4 was observed when the C4 alcohols were treated with SOCl2/pyridine, giving a 2-chloro-3,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane ring-system via the chlorosulfite intermediate. Analogous allylic alcohols with endocyclic and exocyclic unsaturations underwent chlorination without rearrangement due to formation of allylic cations. The rearrangement was also demonstrated using Appel conditions, which gave similar results via the alkoxytriphenylphosphonium intermediate. Several reactions of the products were investigated to show the utility of the rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn Jevric
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, Australia
| | - Julian Klepp
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, Australia
| | - Johannes Puschnig
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, Australia
| | - Oscar Lamb
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, Australia
| | - Christopher J Sumby
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Ben W Greatrex
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, 2351, Australia
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3
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Puschnig J, Jevric M, Sumby CJ, Greatrex BW. Intermolecular Enamine Mizoroki-Heck Reactions on a Bio-Derived Scaffold. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38190610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The intramolecular enamine-Mizoroki-Heck reaction allows for the construction of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, although the related intermolecular version is less known. The reactions of enamines derived from Cyrene were investigated under Mizoroki-Heck conditions. An optimization study was used to identify that 1.5 mol % Pd(dba)2 with PCy3 in xylene at reflux temperature gave the highest yield with electron-rich aryl iodides. Arylation occurred predominantly at the C-N center of the enamine, while the diastereoselectivity was dependent on the nitrogen substitution in the enamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Puschnig
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Martyn Jevric
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Christopher J Sumby
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Ben W Greatrex
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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Kayishaer A, Annatelli M, Hansom CM, Mouterde LMM, Peru AAM, Aricò F, Allais F, Fadlallah S. Green Synthesis of UV-Reactive Polycarbonates from Levoglucosenone and 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300483. [PMID: 37876336 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the synthesis of fully renewable polycarbonates (PCs) starting from cellulose-based platform molecules levoglucosenone (LGO) and 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF). These unique bio-based PCs are obtained through the reaction of a citronellol-containing triol (Triol-citro) derived from LGO, with a dimethyl carbonate derivative of BHMF (BHMF-DC). Solvent-free polymerizations are targeted to minimize waste generation and promote an eco-friendly approach with a favorable environmental factor (E-factor). The choice of metal catalyst during polymerization significantly influences the polymer properties, resulting in high molecular weight (up to 755 kDa) when Na2 CO3 is employed as an inexpensive catalyst. Characterization using nuclear magnetic resonance confirms the successful incorporation of the furan ring and the retention of the terminal double bond of the citronellol pendant chain. Furthermore, under UV irradiation, the presence of both citronellol and furanic moieties induces singular structural changes, triggering the formation of three distinct structures within the polymer network, a phenomenon herein occurs for the first time in this type of polymer. These findings pave the way to new functional materials prepared from renewable monomers with tunable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihemaiti Kayishaer
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Mattia Annatelli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino155, Venezia, Mestre, 30172, Italy
| | - Chloe M Hansom
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Louis M M Mouterde
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Aurélien A M Peru
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Fabio Aricò
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino155, Venezia, Mestre, 30172, Italy
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Sami Fadlallah
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3 Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
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Fadlallah S, Flourat AL, Mouterde LMM, Annatelli M, Peru AAM, Gallos A, Aricò F, Allais F. Sustainable Hyperbranched Functional Materials via Green Polymerization of Readily Accessible Levoglucosenone-Derived Monomers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100284. [PMID: 34347323 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The homopolymerization in basic conditions of the recently reported bis(γ-lactone), 2H-HBO-HBO, is herein described for the first time. The solvent-free polymerization of this pentafunctional levoglucosenone (LGO) derivative affords fully renewable poly(vinyl-ether lactone) copolymers with a highly hyperbranched structure. This investigation stems from the polycondensation trials between 2H-HBO-HBO and di(methyl carbonate) isosorbide (DCI) that fails to give the anticipated polycarbonates. Such unexpected behavior is ascribed to the higher reactivity of the 2H-HBO-HBO hydroxy groups toward its α,β-conjugated endocyclic C═C, rather than the DCI methylcarbonate moieties. The different mechanistic scenarios involved in 2H-HBO-HBO homopolymerization are addressed and a possible structure of poly(2H-HBO-HBO) is suggested. Furthermore, the readily accessible (S)-γ-hydroxymethyl-α,β-butenolide (HBO) is also polymerized for the first time at a relatively large scale, without any prior modification, resulting in a new hyperbranched polymer with an environmental factor (E factor) ≈0. These new HBO-based polymers have a great potential for industrial-scale production due to their interesting properties and easy preparation via a low-cost, green, and efficient process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Fadlallah
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3, Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Amandine L Flourat
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3, Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Louis M M Mouterde
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3, Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Mattia Annatelli
- Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca'Foscari of Venice, Via Torino155, Venezia Mestre, Venice, 30172, Italy
| | - Aurélien A M Peru
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3, Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Antoine Gallos
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3, Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
| | - Fabio Aricò
- Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca'Foscari of Venice, Via Torino155, Venezia Mestre, Venice, 30172, Italy
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 3, Rue des Rouges-Terres, Pomacle, 51110, France
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