1
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Weiand E, Koenig PH, Rodriguez-Ropero F, Roiter Y, Angioletti-Uberti S, Dini D, Ewen JP. Boundary Lubrication Performance of Polyelectrolyte-Surfactant Complexes on Biomimetic Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7933-7946. [PMID: 38573738 PMCID: PMC11025133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Aqueous mixtures of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes and surfactants are useful in many industrial applications, such as shampoos and hair conditioners. In this work, we investigate the friction between biomimetic hair surfaces in the presence of adsorbed complexes formed from cationic polyelectrolytes and anionic surfactants in an aqueous solution. We apply nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations using the coarse-grained MARTINI model. We first developed new MARTINI parameters for cationic guar gum (CGG), a functionalized, plant-derived polysaccharide. The complexation of CGG and the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on virgin and chemically damaged biomimetic hair surfaces was studied using a sequential adsorption approach. We then carried out squeeze-out and sliding NEMD simulations to assess the boundary lubrication performance of the CGG-SDS complex compressed between two hair surfaces. At low pressure, we observe a synergistic friction behavior for the CGG-SDS complex, which gives lower shear stress than either pure CGG or SDS. Here, friction is dominated by viscous dissipation in an interfacial layer comprising SDS and water. At higher pressures, which are probably beyond those usually experienced during hair manipulation, SDS and water are squeezed out, and friction increases due to interdigitation. The outcomes of this work are expected to be beneficial to fine-tune and screen sustainable hair care formulations to provide low friction and therefore a smooth feel and reduced entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Weiand
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Institute
of Molecular Science and Engineering, Imperial
College London, South
Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Thomas
Young Centre for the Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Peter H. Koenig
- Corporate
Functions Analytical and Data & Modeling Sciences, Mason Business
Center, The Procter and Gamble Company, Mason, Ohio 45040, United States
| | - Francisco Rodriguez-Ropero
- Corporate
Functions Analytical and Data & Modeling Sciences, Mason Business
Center, The Procter and Gamble Company, Mason, Ohio 45040, United States
| | - Yuri Roiter
- Corporate
Functions Analytical and Data & Modeling Sciences, Mason Business
Center, The Procter and Gamble Company, Mason, Ohio 45040, United States
| | - Stefano Angioletti-Uberti
- Institute
of Molecular Science and Engineering, Imperial
College London, South
Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Thomas
Young Centre for the Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Daniele Dini
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Institute
of Molecular Science and Engineering, Imperial
College London, South
Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Thomas
Young Centre for the Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - James P. Ewen
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Institute
of Molecular Science and Engineering, Imperial
College London, South
Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Thomas
Young Centre for the Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
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2
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Jia X, Li R, Zhu S, Bao A, Liu X, Kong B, Hu J, Jin X, Kong W, Zhang J, Wang J. Enhanced dissolution of galactomannan and highly efficient selenium functionalization using ionic liquids with dual roles as solvents and catalysts. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121421. [PMID: 37940254 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Galactomannan stands as a promising heteropolysaccharide, yet its randomly distributed non-linear structures and high molecular mass remain a huge challenge in solubilization and wide range of chemical modifications. This work develops a task specific approach for efficient dissolve of galactomannan in ionic liquids (ILs) by destructing and reconstructing intermolecular/intramolecular hydrogen bonds of galactomannan. Combining density functional theory calculations and experimental results, a reasonable mechanism of polysaccharide dissolution is proposed that the hydrogen bond networks of polysaccharide are broken, thus the hydroxyl groups are fully exposed and activated to facilitate functionalization. In view of the enhanced solubilization, an excellent effect in selenylation of galactomannan is notably improved by employing ILs with dual roles as solvents and catalysts. Typically, the introduction of -SO3H in ILs (SFILs) effectively enhances the protonation ability of selenium donor and thus further improves the functionalization efficiency. Furthermore, a surprising finding is observed that selenium content and average molecular mass of functionalized polysaccharide can be manipulated by the anions-cations synergistic effect which is highly dependent on SFILs acidity strength. This work proposed an integrated and promising strategy for improving the solubilization and functionalization manipulating by ILs, showing a great referential value for the widespread application in polysaccharide-rich resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Jia
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Rumei Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuping Zhu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijuan Bao
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China; Lanzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Lanzhou 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyang Kong
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahuan Hu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibao Kong
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China; Institute of New Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China; Institute of New Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlong Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China; Institute of New Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Liang H, Webb MA, Chawathe M, Bendejacq D, de Pablo JJ. Understanding the Structure and Rheology of Galactomannan Solutions with Coarse-Grained Modeling. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heyi Liang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60637, United States
| | - Michael A. Webb
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| | - Manasi Chawathe
- Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter Laboratory, IRL 3254, Solvay USA Inc., Bristol, Pennsylvania19007, United States
| | - Denis Bendejacq
- Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter Laboratory, IRL 3254, Solvay USA Inc., Bristol, Pennsylvania19007, United States
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60637, United States
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4
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Guar Gum and its Nanocomposites as Prospective Materials for Miscellaneous Applications: A Short Review. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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5
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Santos MB, Garcia-Rojas EE. Recent advances in the encapsulation of bioactive ingredients using galactomannans-based as delivery systems. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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6
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Jameson JF, Pacheco MO, Butler JE, Stoppel WL. Estimating Kinetic Rate Parameters for Enzymatic Degradation of Lyophilized Silk Fibroin Sponges. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:664306. [PMID: 34295878 PMCID: PMC8290342 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.664306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sponge-like biomaterials formed from silk fibroin are promising as degradable materials in clinical applications due to their controllable breakdown into simple amino acids or small peptides in vivo. Silk fibroin, isolated from Bombyx mori silkworm cocoons, can be used to form sponge-like materials with a variety of tunable parameters including the elastic modulus, porosity and pore size, and level of nanocrystalline domains. These parameters can be independently tuned during formulation resulting in a wide parameter space and set of final materials. Determining the mechanism and rate constants for biomaterial degradation of these tunable silk materials would allow scientists to evaluate and predict the biomaterial performance for the large array of tissue engineering applications and patient ailments a priori. We first measured in vitro degradation rates of silk sponges using common protein-degrading enzymes such as Proteinase K and Protease XIV. The concentration of the enzyme in solution was varied (1, 0.1, 0.01 U/mL) along with one silk sponge formulation parameter: the level of crystallinity within the sponge. Additionally, two experimental degradation methods were evaluated, termed continuous and discrete degradation methods. Silk concentration, polymer chain length and scaffold pore size were held constant during experimentation and kinetic parameter estimation. Experimentally, we observed that the enzyme itself, enzyme concentration within the bulk solution, and the sponge fabrication water annealing time were the major experimental parameters dictating silk sponge degradation in our experimental design. We fit the experimental data to two models, a Michaelis-Menten kinetic model and a modified first order kinetic model. Weighted, non-linear least squares analysis was used to determine the parameters from the data sets and Monte-Carlo simulations were utilized to obtain estimates of the error. We found that modified first order reaction kinetics fit the time-dependent degradation of lyophilized silk sponges and we obtained first order-like rate constants. These results represent the first investigations into determining kinetic parameters to predict lyophilized silk sponge degradation rates and can be a tool for future mathematical representations of silk biomaterial degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie F Jameson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Marisa O Pacheco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jason E Butler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Whitney L Stoppel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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7
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Dietary Fiber-Tethered Gold Nanoparticles: An Innovative Analytical Tool for Probing Interactions. POLYSACCHARIDES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides2020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have recognized that daily consumption of dietary fiber-containing foods reduces the incidence of developing many chronic diseases, for example, by interacting with nutritionally relevant compounds. The low affinity nature that some of these interactions can have make the development of an analytical detection system for their study particularly difficult. Therefore, the mechanism of action of binding compounds, by which a dietary fiber exerts its potential health benefits, remains largely unknown. Here, a novel method based on glyco-nanotechnology is proposed for studying the interaction between galactomannan and target molecules. Starting from a bottom-up approach, gold nanoparticles and thiolated galactomannans of two different sizes were synthesized separately, and then mixed for auto-assembly of the two glyconanoparticle materials. In addition, a preliminary interaction study between the prepared glyconanoparticles and Concanavalin A was carried out using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) from which it could be deduced that the molecular weight and ligand density on the gold core play an important role in the interaction. Therefore, dietary fiber-tethered gold nanoparticles are a valuable tool to elucidate key parameters underlying dietary fiber interactions.
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8
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Scheffer G, Berdugo‐Clavijo C, Sen A, Gieg LM. Enzyme biotechnology development for treating polymers in hydraulic fracturing operations. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:953-966. [PMID: 33428324 PMCID: PMC8085988 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a polymer used in many different industrial sectors. In the oil and gas industry, CMC is often used during hydraulic fracturing (fracking) operations as a thickening agent for effective proppant delivery. Accumulations of CMC at fracture faces (known as filter cakes) can impede oil and gas recovery. Although chemical oxidizers are added to disrupt these accumulations, there is industrial interest in developing alternative, enzyme-based treatments. Little is known about CMC biodegradation under fracking conditions. Here, we enriched a methanogenic CMC-degrading culture and demonstrated its ability to enzymatically utilize CMC under the conditions that typify oil fields. Using the extracellular enzyme fraction from the culture, significant CMC viscosity reduction was observed between 50 and 80˚C, at salinities up to 20% (w/v) and at pH 5-8 compared to controls. Similar levels of viscosity reduction by extracellular enzymes were observed under oxic and anoxic conditions. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that enzyme biotechnology holds great promise as a viable approach to treating CMC filter cakes under oilfield conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arindom Sen
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringSchulich School of EngineeringUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
| | - Lisa M. Gieg
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
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9
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Rheological and Thickening Properties. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-0320-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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11
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Kim S, Omur-Ozbek P, Carlson K. Characterization of Organic Matter in Water from Oil and Gas Wells Hydraulically Fractured with Recycled Water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 397:120551. [PMID: 32380409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was performed to understand how frac fluid with recycled water (RWA) and frac fluid with fresh water (FWA) compare when subjected to downhole temperature and oxidation conditions. Ethylene oxide and propylated glycol functional units were quantified from both RWA and FWA. Qualitative analysis was performed using Agilent qualitative analysis software B.06.00 based on the exact mass of the chemical compound. Acetone, aldol, alkoxylated phenol formaldehyde resin, diethylbenzene, dipropylene glycol, d-Limonene, ether salt, ethylbenzene, n-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone, dodecylbenzenesulfonate isopropanolamine, polyethylene glycol, and triethylene glycol were detected in FWA and RWA samples. In the van Krevelen diagram, FWA and RWA show a low degree of oxidation and highly saturated organic compounds. Kendrick mass defect (KMD) analysis was applied using ethylene oxide and propylated glycol units. KMD analysis based on ethylene oxide was scattered between 0 and 0.1, while some KMD analyses based on the propylated glycol are close to 1. FWA had an average carbon number of 32.3 and double bond equivalent (DBE) of 9.8 while RWA had average carbon number of 31.5 and DBE of 9.5. RWA contained predominantly C21-C40 compounds, while FWA had a higher concentration in the over C41 range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongyun Kim
- Department of Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Pinar Omur-Ozbek
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, 1372 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523-1372, United States
| | - Ken Carlson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, 1372 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523-1372, United States.
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12
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Mary PR, Prashanth KH, Vasu P, Kapoor M. Structural diversity and prebiotic potential of short chain β-manno-oligosaccharides generated from guar gum by endo-β-mannanase (ManB-1601). Carbohydr Res 2019; 486:107822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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13
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Daviran M, Schultz KM. Characterizing the dynamic rheology in the pericellular region by human mesenchymal stem cell re-engineering in PEG-peptide hydrogel scaffolds. RHEOLOGICA ACTA 2019; 58:421-437. [PMID: 32773889 PMCID: PMC7413226 DOI: 10.1007/s00397-019-01142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
During wound healing, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) migrate to injuries to regulate inflammation and coordinate tissue regeneration. To enable migration, hMSCs re-engineer the extracellular matrix rheology. Our work determines the correlation between cell engineered rheology and motility. We encapsulate hMSCs in a cell-degradable peptide-polymeric hydrogel and characterize the change in rheological properties in the pericellular region using multiple particle tracking microrheology. Previous studies determined that pericellular rheology is correlated with motility. Additionally, hMSCs re-engineer their microenvironment by regulating cell-secreted enzyme, matrix metallopro-teinases (MMPs), activity by also secreting their inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). We independently inhibit TIMPs and measure two different degradation profiles, reaction-diffusion and reverse reaction-diffusion. These profiles are correlated with cell spreading, speed and motility type. We model scaffold degradation using Michaelis-Menten kinetics, finding a decrease in kinetics between joint and independent TIMP inhibition. hMSCs ability to regulate microenvironmental remodeling and motility could be exploited in design of new materials that deliver hMSCs to wounds to enhance healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Daviran
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, 111 Research Dr., Iacocca Hall, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Kelly M Schultz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, 111 Research Dr., Iacocca Hall, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
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14
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Delonix regia galactomannan hydrolysates: Rheological behavior and physicochemical characterization. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 206:573-582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Hussain M, Zahoor T, Akhtar S, Ismail A, Hameed A. Thermal stability and haemolytic effects of depolymerized guar gum derivatives. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 55:1047-1055. [PMID: 29487447 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-3018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of current study was to purify and partially depolymerize guar gum by β-mannanase, HCl, Ba(OH)2 actions and subjected to inspect compositional, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and haemolytic activity. Chemical composition revealed mannose and galactose ratio remained un-altered even after process of purification and hydrolysis. TGA thermograms affirmed initial and final decomposition temperature in various zones. Major decomposition stages apparently revealed partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) exhibited better heat stable properties having more zones of degradation than crude one. Furthermore, all guar fractions (2.5-250 mg/mL) were subjected to haemolysis to evaluate toxic effects during process of hydrolysis. The crude and hydrolyzed guar galactomannans exhibited minor haemolytic activity (1.9 ± 0.03-7.24 ± 0.02%) when compared to 0.1% Triton-X 100 (100% haemolysis) showing no toxic effects to human RBC's. Conclusively, hydrolyzed guar-galactomannans are safe and can be used in food products with improved heat stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Hussain
- 1Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800 Pakistan
| | - Tahir Zahoor
- 2National Institute of Food Science and Technology, UAF, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- 1Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800 Pakistan
| | - Amir Ismail
- 1Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800 Pakistan
| | - Aneela Hameed
- 1Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800 Pakistan
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16
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Xiong B, Miller Z, Roman-White S, Tasker T, Farina B, Piechowicz B, Burgos WD, Joshi P, Zhu L, Gorski CA, Zydney AL, Kumar M. Chemical Degradation of Polyacrylamide during Hydraulic Fracturing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:327-336. [PMID: 29172473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyacrylamide (PAM) based friction reducers are a primary ingredient of slickwater hydraulic fracturing fluids. Little is known regarding the fate of these polymers under downhole conditions, which could have important environmental impacts including decisions on strategies for reuse or treatment of flowback water. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical degradation of high molecular weight PAM, including the effects of shale, oxygen, temperature, pressure, and salinity. Data were obtained with a slickwater fracturing fluid exposed to both a shale sample collected from a Marcellus outcrop and to Marcellus core samples at high pressures/temperatures (HPT) simulating downhole conditions. Based on size exclusion chromatography analyses, the peak molecular weight of the PAM was reduced by 2 orders of magnitude, from roughly 10 MDa to 200 kDa under typical HPT fracturing conditions. The rate of degradation was independent of pressure and salinity but increased significantly at high temperatures and in the presence of oxygen dissolved in fracturing fluids. Results were consistent with a free radical chain scission mechanism, supported by measurements of sub-μM hydroxyl radical concentrations. The shale sample adsorbed some PAM (∼30%), but importantly it catalyzed the chemical degradation of PAM, likely due to dissolution of Fe2+ at low pH. These results provide the first evidence of radical-induced degradation of PAM under HPT hydraulic fracturing conditions without additional oxidative breaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Xiong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, §Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Zachary Miller
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, §Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Selina Roman-White
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, §Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Travis Tasker
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, §Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Benjamin Farina
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, §Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Bethany Piechowicz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, §Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - William D Burgos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, §Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Prachi Joshi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, §Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, §Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Christopher A Gorski
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, §Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Andrew L Zydney
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, §Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, §Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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17
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Li YX, Yi P, Wang NN, Liu J, Liu XQ, Yan QJ, Jiang ZQ. High level expression of β-mannanase ( Rm Man5A) in Pichia pastoris for partially hydrolyzed guar gum production. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:1171-1179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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18
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Martín-Alfonso JE, Cuadri AA, Berta M, Stading M. Relation between concentration and shear-extensional rheology properties of xanthan and guar gum solutions. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 181:63-70. [PMID: 29254016 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The influence of concentration on the shear and extensional rheology properties of aqueous solutions of xanthan and guar gums was studied in this work. Shear rheology involved small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS), flow curves and transient flow, while the extensional rheology was analyzed using hyperbolic contraction flow. In addition, the mechanical properties during solutions manufacture were monitored in situ through the evolution of torque with processing time by mixing rheometry. The results showed that the hydrocolloids exert a great influence on the process rheokinetics and on the resulting rheological response. SAOS tests showed that the xanthan gum solutions behaved as weak gels, whereas guar gum solutions suggest the presence of entanglement and the formation of a viscoelastic, gel-like structure. All the systems exhibited shear-thinning behaviour. Guar gum solutions obeyed the Cox-Merz rule, with some divergence at high rates for the more concentrated solutions, while the Cox-Merz rule was not followed for xanthan gum in the range of concentration studied. The extensional viscosity exhibited an extensional-thinning behaviour within the strain range used and all solutions were characterized by a high Trouton ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Martín-Alfonso
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Campus de El Carmen, University of Huelva, Chemical Product and Process Technology Research Center (Pro2TecS), 21071 Huelva, Spain.
| | - A A Cuadri
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Campus de El Carmen, University of Huelva, Chemical Product and Process Technology Research Center (Pro2TecS), 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - M Berta
- Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioscience and Materials, Product Design and Perception, 402 29 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Stading
- Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioscience and Materials, Product Design and Perception, 402 29 Gothenburg, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Industrial and Materials Science, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Muhitdinov B, Heinze T, Normakhamatov N, Turaev A. Preparation of sodium cellulose sulfate oligomers by free-radical depolymerization. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 173:631-637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Shi NQ, Qi XR. Taming the Wildness of "Trojan-Horse" Peptides by Charge-Guided Masking and Protease-Triggered Demasking for the Controlled Delivery of Antitumor Agents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:10519-10529. [PMID: 28290666 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), also called "Trojan Horse" peptide, has become a successful approach to deliver various payloads into cells for achieving the intracellular access. However, the "Trojan Horse" peptide is too wild, not just to "Troy", but rather widely distributed in the body. Thus, there is an urgent need to tame the wildness of "Trojan Horse" peptide for targeted delivery of antineoplastic agents to the tumor site. To achieve this goal, we exploit a masked CPP-doxorubicin conjugate platform for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs using charge-guided masking and protease-triggered demasking strategies. In this platform, the cell-penetrating function of the positively CPP (d-form nonaarginine) is abrogated by a negatively shielding peptide (masked CPP), and between them is a cleavable substrate peptide by the protease (MMP-2/9). Protease-triggered demasking would occur when the masked CPP reached the MMP-2/9-riched tumor. The CPP-doxorubicin conjugate (CPP-Dox) and the masked CPP-Dox conjugate (mCPP-Dox) were used as models for the evaluation of masking and demasking processes. It was found that exogenous MMP-2/9 could effectively trigger the reversion of CPP-cargo in this conjugate, and this trigger adhered to the Michaelis-Menten kinetics profile. This conjugate was sensitive to the trigger of endogenous MMP-2/9 and could induce enhanced cytotoxicity toward MMP-2/9-rich tumor cells. In vivo antitumor efficacy revealed that this masked conjugate had considerable antitumor activity and could inhibit the tumor growth at a higher level relative to CPP-cargo. Low toxicity in vivo showed the noticeably decreased wildness of this conjugate toward normal tissues and more controllable entry of antitumor agents into "Troy". On the basis of analyses in vitro and in vivo, this mCPP-cargo conjugate delivery system held an improved selectivity toward MMP-2/9-rich tumors and would be a promising strategy for tumor-targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Qiu Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University , Jilin City 132013, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Rong Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100191, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Beijing, 100191 P. R. China
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Zhang B, Sudre G, Quintard G, Serghei A, David L, Bernard J, Fleury E, Charlot A. Guar gum as biosourced building block to generate highly conductive and elastic ionogels with poly(ionic liquid) and ionic liquid. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:586-595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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22
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Gilbert WJR, Johnson SJ, Tsau JS, Liang JT, Scurto AM. Enzymatic degradation of polyacrylamide in aqueous solution with peroxidase and H2O2. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William J. R. Gilbert
- University of Kansas, Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering; Lawrence Kansas 66045
| | - Stephen J. Johnson
- University of Kansas, Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering; Lawrence Kansas 66045
| | - Jyun-Syung Tsau
- Tertiary Oil Recovery Program; University of Kansas; Lawrence Kansas 66045
| | - Jenn-Tai Liang
- University of Kansas, Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering; Lawrence Kansas 66045
- Tertiary Oil Recovery Program; University of Kansas; Lawrence Kansas 66045
| | - Aaron M. Scurto
- University of Kansas, Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering; Lawrence Kansas 66045
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Szopinski D, Luinstra GA. Viscoelastic properties of aqueous guar gum derivative solutions under large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS). Carbohydr Polym 2016; 153:312-319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Nishinari K, Takemasa M, Brenner T, Su L, Fang Y, Hirashima M, Yoshimura M, Nitta Y, Moritaka H, Tomczynska-Mleko M, Mleko S, Michiwaki Y. The Food Colloid Principle in the Design of Elderly Food. J Texture Stud 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyoshi Nishinari
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Glyn O Phillips Hydrocolloids Research Centre; Hubei University of Technology; Wuhan 430068 China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Industrial Fermentation; Hubei University of Technology; Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Makoto Takemasa
- School of Creative Science and Engineering; Waseda University; Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Tom Brenner
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences; Sophia University; Chiyoda-ku, Kioimachi 7-1 Tokyo 102-8554 Japan
| | - Lei Su
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zhongguancun North First Street 2 100190 Beijing China
| | - Yapeng Fang
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Glyn O Phillips Hydrocolloids Research Centre; Hubei University of Technology; Wuhan 430068 China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Industrial Fermentation; Hubei University of Technology; Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Madoka Hirashima
- Faculty of Education; Mie University; 1577 Kurima-machiya-cho Tsu Mie 514-8507 Japan
| | - Miki Yoshimura
- School of Human Science and Environment; University of Hyogo; 1-1-12 Shinzaike-Honcho Himeji, Hyogo 670-0092 Hyogo Japan
| | - Yoko Nitta
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare Science; Okayama Prefectural University; 111 Kuboki Soja-shi Okayama 719-1197 Japan
| | - Hatsue Moritaka
- Graduate School of Human Life Science; Showa Women's University; 1-7 Taishido Setagaya-ku Tokyo 154-8533 Japan
| | - Marta Tomczynska-Mleko
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology; University of Life Sciences in Lublin; 15 Akademicka Street 20-950 Lublin Poland
| | - Stanisław Mleko
- Department of Milk Technology and Hydrocolloids; University of Life Sciences in Lublin; 8 Skromna Street 20-704 Lublin Poland
| | - Yukihiro Michiwaki
- Oral Surgery Division, Japanese Red Cross Musashino Hospital; Musashino-shi, Kyonancho, 1-26-1 Tokyo 180-8610 Japan
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25
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Jiang B, Sun Z, Hou Y, Yang L, Yang F, Chen X, Li X. Isolation and properties of an endo-β-mannanase-producing Bacillus sp. LX114 capable of degrading guar gum. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 46:495-500. [PMID: 26467349 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2015.1084516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Endo-β-mannanase, catalyzing the random hydrolysis of β-1,4-mannosidic linkage in the backbone of (hetero) mannan, can increase feed conversion efficiency of animal feed or form functional mannanooligosaccharides. In this study, a gram-positive, straight-rod, facultative anaeorobic bacterium producing endo-β-mannanase was isolated from soil sample. The isolate only fermented glucose, galactose, sorbose, and raffinose to acid. The test in hydrogen sulfide production was positive. Combining the data acquired from phenotypic analysis and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, this strain presumably represented a novel species of the genus Bacillus and was designated as LX114. The strain LX114 could break down guar gum molecules, leading to a rapid decrease of the viscosity of guar gum solutions. Endo-β-mannanase activity was also detected in the culture supernatant. The isolate LX114 would be useful for potential application in degrading plant cell walls for increasing feed conversion efficiency and formation of functional oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohang Jiang
- a School of Biological Engineering , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian , China
| | - Zhen Sun
- a School of Biological Engineering , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian , China
| | - Yingmin Hou
- a School of Biological Engineering , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian , China
| | - Lan Yang
- a School of Biological Engineering , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian , China
| | - Fan Yang
- a School of Biological Engineering , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian , China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- a School of Biological Engineering , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian , China
| | - Xianzhen Li
- a School of Biological Engineering , Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian , China
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26
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Prajapat AL, Subhedar PB, Gogate PR. Ultrasound assisted enzymatic depolymerization of aqueous guar gum solution. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 29:84-92. [PMID: 26584988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The present work investigates the effectiveness of application of low intensity ultrasonic irradiation for the intensification of enzymatic depolymerization of aqueous guar gum solution. The extent of depolymerization of guar gum has been analyzed in terms of intrinsic viscosity reduction. The effect of ultrasonic irradiation on the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters related to the enzyme activity as well as the intrinsic viscosity reduction of guar gum using enzymatic approach has been evaluated. The kinetic rate constant has been found to increase with an increase in the temperature and cellulase loading. It has been observed that application of ultrasound not only enhances the extent of depolymerization but also reduces the time of depolymerization as compared to conventional enzymatic degradation technique. In the presence of cellulase enzyme, the maximum extent of depolymerization of guar gum has been observed at 60 W of ultrasonic rated power and ultrasonic treatment time of 30 min. The effect of ultrasound on the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters as well as the molecular structure of cellulase enzyme was evaluated with the help of the chemical reaction kinetics model and fluorescence spectroscopy. Application of ultrasound resulted in a reduction in the thermodynamic parameters of activation energy (Ea), enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS) and free energy (ΔG) by 47%, 50%, 65% and 1.97%, respectively. The changes in the chemical structure of guar gum treated using ultrasound assisted enzymatic approach in comparison to the native guar gum were also characterized by FTIR. The results revealed that enzymatic depolymerization of guar gum resulted in a polysaccharide with low degree of polymerization, viscosity and consistency index without any change in the core chemical structure which could make it useful for incorporation in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutlal L Prajapat
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Preeti B Subhedar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Parag R Gogate
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India.
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Gogate PR, Prajapat AL. Depolymerization using sonochemical reactors: A critical review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 27:480-494. [PMID: 26186870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic irradiation has been proposed as a novel approach for degradation of polymer compounds, especially considering the fact that the reduction in the molecular weight (also the intrinsic viscosity) is simply by splitting the most susceptible chemical bond without causing any changes in the chemical nature. An overview of the application of ultrasound for the polymer degradation has been presented in this work, discussing the mechanism of degradation, kinetic modeling, effect of operating parameters and the type of reactors generally used for depolymerization. The effect of important operating parameters such as initial polymer concentration, presence of functional groups in the polymer chain, reaction volume, initial molecular weight, temperature, operating frequency, power dissipation and use of process intensifying additives have been discussed also giving guidelines about selection of the optimum parameters. It has been observed that the low concentrations and higher power dissipation (till an optimum) are favorable resulting in higher extents of degradation. Typically low frequency is recommended but for the case of water soluble polymers, higher frequencies would also give similar results due to the dominant action of chemical effects of cavitation. It has been demonstrated that the alkyl group substituent also affects the degradation rate of polymer. An overview of degradation using combined approach based on ultrasound and additives with comparison with individual approach has also been presented. It has been observed that the main contributing factor for the synergy of the combined approach is the selection of optimum loading of additives. Overall, it has been observed that efficient polymer degradation can be achieved using combined process based on the use of ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag R Gogate
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India.
| | - Amrutlal L Prajapat
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
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28
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Kaity S, Ghosh A. Comparative bio-safety and in vivo evaluation of native or modified locust bean gum-PVA IPN microspheres. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:883-93. [PMID: 25307127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Strategically developed natural polymer-based controlled release multiparticulate drug delivery systems have gained special interest for “spatial placement” and “temporal delivery” of drug molecules. In our earlier study, locust bean gum-poly(vinyl alcohol) interpenetrating polymer network (LBG-PVA IPN), carboxymethylated locust bean gum-poly(vinyl alcohol) interpenetrating polymer network (CMLBG-PVA IPN) and acrylamide grafted locust bean gum-poly(vinyl alcohol) interpenetrating polymer network (Am-g-LBG-PVA IPN) were prepared and characterized. The present study deals with accelerating stability testing, comparative bio-safety and single dose in vivo pharmacokinetic study of all three IPN microspheres for controlled oral delivery of buflomedil hydrochloride (BH). From the stability study, it was observed that the particles were stable throughout the study period. From toxicity and biodegradability study it was proved that the microspheres were safe for internal use and complied with bio-safety criterion. From the in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rabbits, it was observed that the CMLBG-PVA IPN microspheres possessed almost similar Tmax value with BH oral suspension. However, in comparison between the LBG-PVA and Am-g-LBG-PVA IPN microspheres, the later showed well controlled release property than the first in biological condition. Thus, this type of delivery system might be useful to achieve the lofty goals of the controlled release drug delivery.
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29
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Structure–property relationships of carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum in water and a hyperentanglement parameter. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 119:159-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Dong X, Pan R, Zou S, He M, Wang C. Oxidative degradation of the sulfated polysaccharide isolated from sea cucumber Holothuria nobilis. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Hussain M, Bakalis S, Gouseti O, Zahoor T, Anjum FM, Shahid M. Dynamic and shear stress rheological properties of guar galactomannans and its hydrolyzed derivatives. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:687-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Gastone F, Tosco T, Sethi R. Guar gum solutions for improved delivery of iron particles in porous media (part 1): porous medium rheology and guar gum-induced clogging. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2014; 166:23-33. [PMID: 25065767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present work is the first part of a comprehensive study on the use of guar gum to improve delivery of microscale zero-valent iron particles in contaminated aquifers. Guar gum solutions exhibit peculiar shear thinning properties, with high viscosity in static conditions and lower viscosity in dynamic conditions: this is beneficial both for the storage of MZVI dispersions, and also for the injection in porous media. In the present paper, the processes associated with guar gum injection in porous media are studied performing single-step and multi-step filtration tests in sand-packed columns. The experimental results of single-step tests performed by injecting guar gum solutions prepared at several concentrations and applying different dissolution procedures evidenced that the presence of residual undissolved polymeric particles in the guar gum solution may have a relevant negative impact on the permeability of the porous medium, resulting in evident clogging. The most effective preparation procedure which minimizes the presence of residual particles is dissolution in warm water (60°C) followed by centrifugation (procedure T60C). The multi-step tests (i.e. injection of guar gum at constant concentration with a step increase of flow velocity), performed at three polymer concentrations (1.5, 3 and 4g/l) provided information on the rheological properties of guar gum solutions when flowing through a porous medium at variable discharge rates, which mimic the injection in radial geometry. An experimental protocol was defined for the rheological characterization of the fluids in porous media, and empirical relationships were derived for the quantification of rheological properties and clogging with variable injection rate. These relationships will be implemented in the second companion paper (Part II) in a radial transport model for the simulation of large-scale injection of MZVI-guar gum slurries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gastone
- DIATI - Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Ambiente, del Territorio e delle Infrastrutture, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Tiziana Tosco
- DIATI - Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Ambiente, del Territorio e delle Infrastrutture, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Rajandrea Sethi
- DIATI - Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Ambiente, del Territorio e delle Infrastrutture, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
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Widenbring R, Frenning G, Malmsten M. Chain and Pore-Blocking Effects on Matrix Degradation in Protein-Loaded Microgels. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3671-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5009525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Widenbring
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, P.O.
Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Frenning
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, P.O.
Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Malmsten
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, P.O.
Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Stringfellow WT, Domen JK, Camarillo MK, Sandelin WL, Borglin S. Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of compounds used in hydraulic fracturing. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 275:37-54. [PMID: 24853136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing (HF), a method to enhance oil and gas production, has become increasingly common throughout the U.S. As such, it is important to characterize the chemicals found in HF fluids to evaluate potential environmental fate, including fate in treatment systems, and human health impacts. Eighty-one common HF chemical additives were identified and categorized according to their functions. Physical and chemical characteristics of these additives were determined using publicly available chemical information databases. Fifty-five of the compounds are organic and twenty-seven of these are considered readily or inherently biodegradable. Seventeen chemicals have high theoretical chemical oxygen demand and are used in concentrations that present potential treatment challenges. Most of the HF chemicals evaluated are non-toxic or of low toxicity and only three are classified as Category 2 oral toxins according to standards in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals; however, toxicity information was not located for thirty of the HF chemicals evaluated. Volatilization is not expected to be a significant exposure pathway for most HF chemicals. Gaps in toxicity and other chemical properties suggest deficiencies in the current state of knowledge, highlighting the need for further assessment to understand potential issues associated with HF chemicals in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Stringfellow
- Ecological Engineering Research Program, School of Engineering & Computer Science, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211, USA; Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Jeremy K Domen
- Ecological Engineering Research Program, School of Engineering & Computer Science, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Mary Kay Camarillo
- Ecological Engineering Research Program, School of Engineering & Computer Science, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Whitney L Sandelin
- Ecological Engineering Research Program, School of Engineering & Computer Science, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Sharon Borglin
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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35
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Gastone F, Tosco T, Sethi R. Green stabilization of microscale iron particles using guar gum: Bulk rheology, sedimentation rate and enzymatic degradation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 421:33-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Hardt N, Janssen A, Boom R, van der Goot A. Factors impeding enzymatic wheat gluten hydrolysis at high solid concentrations. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 111:1304-12. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N.A. Hardt
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering; Wageningen University; PO Box 8129 Wageningen 6700 EV The Netherlands
| | - A.E.M. Janssen
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering; Wageningen University; PO Box 8129 Wageningen 6700 EV The Netherlands
| | - R.M. Boom
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering; Wageningen University; PO Box 8129 Wageningen 6700 EV The Netherlands
| | - A.J. van der Goot
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering; Wageningen University; PO Box 8129 Wageningen 6700 EV The Netherlands
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37
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Verger L, Corre S, Poirot R, Quintard G, Fleury E, Charlot A. Dual guar/ionic liquid gels and biohybrid material thereof: Rheological investigation. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 102:932-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Leight JL, Alge DL, Maier AJ, Anseth KS. Direct measurement of matrix metalloproteinase activity in 3D cellular microenvironments using a fluorogenic peptide substrate. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7344-52. [PMID: 23830581 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of degradable moieties into synthetic hydrogels has greatly increased the utility of these three-dimensional matrices for in vitro cell culture as well as tissue engineering applications. A common method for introducing degradability is the inclusion of oligopeptides sensitive to cleavage by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enabling cell-mediated remodeling and migration within the material. While this strategy has been effective, characterization and measurement of cell-mediated degradation in these materials has remained challenging. There are 20+ MMP family members whose activity is regulated in space and time by a number of biochemical and biophysical cues. Thus, the typical approach of characterizing cleavage of degradable moieties in solution with recombinant enzymes does not easily translate to three-dimensional cell-mediated matrix remodeling. To address this challenge, we report here the synthesis of a cell-laden hydrogel matrix functionalized with a fluorogenic peptide substrate to provide real-time, quantitative monitoring of global MMP activity. Using this system, stimulation of MMP activity was observed with growth factor treatment in mammary epithelial cells and compared to classical zymography results. Further, the effect of biophysical cues on MMP activity of human mesenchymal stem cells was also investigated where more rigid hydrogels were observed to increase MMP activity. The regulation of MMP activity by these biochemical and biophysical cues highlights the need for in situ, real-time measurement of hydrogel degradation, and use of these functionalized hydrogels will aid in future rational design of degradable synthetic hydrogels for in vitro cell studies and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Leight
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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Enzymatic production and characterization of manno-oligosaccharides from Gleditsia sinensis galactomannan gum. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 55:282-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wu N, Ye X, Guo X, Liao N, Yin X, Hu Y, Sun Y, Liu D, Chen S. Depolymerization of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from sea cucumber, Pearsonothuria graeffei, via 60Co irradiation. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 93:604-14. [PMID: 23499102 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A method for depolymerization of a novel fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from Pearsonothuria graeffei (fCS-Pg) using (60)Co irradiation in water solution was developed in the current study. Fragments with varying molecular weights were obtained by (60)Co irradiation at different dosages and sample concentrations. The chemical compositions and structures of these fragments were further investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Our results indicated that (60)Co irradiation induced depolymerization via selective breakage of glucuronic acid units in the fCS-Pg backbone, with no obvious influence on sulfated fucose branches under mild conditions. The recommended conditions for fCS-Pg degradation were 2-10% solution concentration and irradiation dosages of 10-50kGy. The anticoagulant activities of the low molecular weight fragments were additionally evaluated. Notably, anticoagulant activities were reduced with decreasing molecular weights. Compared to the native fCS-Pg, low molecular weight fragments displayed significantly decreased anticoagulant activities. Based on the collective findings, we propose that these fragments are potentially applicable as antithrombotic agents with reduced bleeding risk relative to native fCS-Pg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Wu
- College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
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Barati R, Johnson SJ, McCool S, Green DW, Willhite GP, Liang JT. Polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles for protection and delayed release of enzymes in alkaline pH and at elevated temperature during hydraulic fracturing of oil wells. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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42
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Lacroix C, Sultan E, Fleury E, Charlot A. Functional galactomannan platform from convenient esterification in imidazolium-based ionic liquids. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py00512c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Barati R, Johnson SJ, McCool S, Green DW, Willhite GP, Liang JT. Fracturing fluid cleanup by controlled release of enzymes from polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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44
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Fu S, Thacker A, Sperger DM, Boni RL, Velankar S, Munson EJ, Block LH. Rheological evaluation of inter-grade and inter-batch variability of sodium alginate. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:1662-74. [PMID: 21107773 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9547-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric excipients are often the least well-characterized components of pharmaceutical formulations. The aim of this study was to facilitate the QbD approach to pharmaceutical manufacturing by evaluating the inter-grade and inter-batch variability of pharmaceutical-grade polymeric excipients. Sodium alginate, a widely used polymeric excipient, was selected for evaluation using appropriate rheological methods and test conditions. The materials used were six different grades of sodium alginate and an additional ten batches of one of the grades. To compare the six grades, steady shear measurements were conducted on solutions at 1%, 2%, and 3% w/w, consistent with their use as thickening agents. Small-amplitude oscillation (SAO) measurements were conducted on sodium alginate solutions at higher concentrations (4-12% w/w) corresponding to their use in controlled-release matrices. In order to compare the ten batches of one grade, steady shear and SAO measurements were performed on their solutions at 2% w/w and 8% w/w, respectively. Results show that the potential interchangeability of these different grades used as thickening agents could be established by comparing the apparent viscosities of their solutions as a function of both alginate concentration and shear conditions. For sodium alginate used in controlled-release formulations, both steady shear behavior of solutions at low concentrations and viscoelastic properties at higher concentrations should be considered. Furthermore, among batches of the same grade, significant differences in rheological properties were observed, especially at higher solution concentrations. In conclusion, inter-grade and inter-batch variability of sodium alginate can be determined using steady shear and small-amplitude oscillation methods.
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45
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46
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Wu M, Xu S, Zhao J, Kang H, Ding H. Free-radical depolymerization of glycosaminoglycan from sea cucumber Thelenata ananas by hydrogen peroxide and copper ions. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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47
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Chenlo F, Moreira R, Silva C. Rheological behaviour of aqueous systems of tragacanth and guar gums with storage time. J FOOD ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Baks T, Kappen FH, Janssen AE, Boom RM. Towards an optimal process for gelatinisation and hydrolysis of highly concentrated starch–water mixtures with alpha-amylase from B. licheniformis. J Cereal Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2007.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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49
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Determination of galactose and mannose residues in natural galactomannans using a fast and efficient high-performance liquid chromatography/UV detection. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1181:45-50. [PMID: 18177885 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Revised: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes the validation of an easy, fast and efficient precolumn derivatization method for the quantification of oligosides, mannose and galactose obtained by degradation of galactomannans. This work combines an acid hydrolysis and an enzymatic degradation of natural galactomannans with the quantification of released residues by reversed-phase HPLC-UV, the most usual HPLC system in laboratories. In case of enzymatic degradation, mannotetraose has been detected and quantified for the first time, and an application to the evaluation of the galactosyl distribution in galactomannans is proposed. After an acidic hydrolysis, this method also allowed to obtain the mannose/galactose (M/G) ratio.
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Sandolo C, Matricardi P, Alhaique F, Coviello T. Dynamo-mechanical and rheological characterization of guar gum hydrogels. Eur Polym J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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