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Yang G, Wang Y. Dynamic Light Scattering of DNA-Ligand Complexes. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2819:341-356. [PMID: 39028514 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3930-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic light scattering (DLS) enables the characterization of sizes and electrokinetic properties of colloids, polymers, and macromolecules. DNA is a charged semiflexible polyelectrolyte that is condensed or compacted by counterions, proteins, and other condensing agents in processes such as chromosome compaction and gene therapeutic applications. DNA condensation is closely related to charge screening since packaging requires effective neutralization of its surface negative charges. In this chapter, we describe in detail the protocol for DLS DNA-ligand complexes. As an example, we describe data for the condensation of DNA by chitosan and the measurement of size, zeta potential, and electrophoretic mobility of the DNA-ligand complex by DLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcan Yang
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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2
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Bai C, Wang C, Lu Y. Novel Vectors and Administrations for mRNA Delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303713. [PMID: 37475520 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
mRNA therapy has shown great potential in infectious disease vaccines, cancer immunotherapy, protein replacement therapy, gene editing, and other fields due to its central role in all life processes. However, mRNA is challenging to pass through the cell membrane due to its significant negative charges and degradation from RNase, so the key to mRNA therapy is efficient packaging and delivery of it with appropriate vectors. Presently researchers have developed various vectors such as viruses and liposomes, but these conventional vectors are now difficult to meet the growing requirement like safety, efficiency, and targeting, so many novel delivery vectors with unique advantages have emerged recently. This review mainly introduces two categories of novel vectors: biomacromolecules and inorganic nanoparticles, as well as two novel methods of control and administration based on these novel vectors: controlled-release administration and non-invasive administration. These novel delivery strategies have the advantages of high safety, biocompatibility, versatility, intelligence, and targeting. This paper analyzes the challenges faced by the field of mRNA delivery in depth, and discusses how to use the characteristics of novel vectors and administrations to solve these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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3
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Dawn R, Tjiu WW, Aabdin Z, Faizal F, Panatarani C, Joni IM, Akhtar W, Kumar K, Rahaman A, Chandra G, Kandasami A, Amemiya K, Singh VR. Origin of Enhancement of Orbital Magnetic Moment in SiO 2-Coated Fe 3O 4 Nanocomposites Studied by X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:13807-13819. [PMID: 37733972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were dispersed uniformly by varying the thickness of the SiO2 coating, and their electronic and magnetic properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction confirmed the structural configuration of monophase inverse-spinel Fe3O4 NPs in nanometer size. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of proper nonporous crystallite particles with a clear core-shell structure with silica on the surface of Fe3O4 NPs. The absorption mechanism studied through the zeta potential indicates that SiO2-coated Fe3O4 nanocomposites (SiO2@Fe3O4 NCs) possess electrostatic interactions to control their agglomeration in stabilizing suspensions by providing a protective shield of amorphous SiO2 on the oxide surface. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images demonstrate a spherical morphology having an average grain diameter of ∼11-17 nm with increasing thickness of SiO2 coating with the addition of a quantitative presence and proportion of elements determined through elemental mapping and electron energy loss spectroscopy studies. Synchrotron-based element-specific soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) techniques have been involved in the bulk-sensitive total fluorescence yield mode to understand the origin of magnetization in SiO2@Fe3O4 NCs. The magnetization hysteresis of Fe3O4 was determined by XMCD. At room temperature, the magnetic coercivity (Hc) is as high as 1 T, which is about 2 times more than the value of the thin film and about 5 times more pronounced than that of NPs. For noninteracting single-domain NPs with the Hc spread from 1 to 3 T, the Stoner-Wohlfarth model provided an intriguing explanation for the hysteresis curve. These curves determine the different components of Fe oxides present in the samples that derive the remnant magnetization involved in each oxidation state of Fe and clarify which Fe component is responsible for the resultant magnetism and magnetocrystalline anisotropy based on noninteracting single-domain particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Dawn
- Department of Physics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya824236, India
| | - Weng Weei Tjiu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, 138634Republic of Singapore
| | - Zainul Aabdin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, 138634Republic of Singapore
| | - Ferry Faizal
- Department of Physics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, Km. 21, Bandung ,West Java 45363, Indonesia
- Functional Nano Powder University Centre of Excellence (FiNder U CoE), Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, Km. 21, Bandung ,West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Camellia Panatarani
- Department of Physics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, Km. 21, Bandung ,West Java 45363, Indonesia
- Functional Nano Powder University Centre of Excellence (FiNder U CoE), Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, Km. 21, Bandung ,West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - I Made Joni
- Department of Physics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, Km. 21, Bandung ,West Java 45363, Indonesia
- Functional Nano Powder University Centre of Excellence (FiNder U CoE), Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, Km. 21, Bandung ,West Java 45363, Indonesia
| | - Waseem Akhtar
- Department of Physics, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Department of Physics, Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008, India
| | - Ariful Rahaman
- Centre for Materials Characterization & Testing, School of Mechanical Engineering, VIT, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Girish Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya824236, India
| | - Asokan Kandasami
- Department of Physics & Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Kenta Amemiya
- Photon Factory, IMSS, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Vijay Raj Singh
- Department of Physics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya824236, India
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Wongwanakul R, Aueviriyavit S, Furihata T, Gonil P, Sajomsang W, Maniratanachote R, Jianmongkol S. Quaternization of high molecular weight chitosan for increasing intestinal drug absorption using Caco-2 cells as an in vitro intestinal model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7904. [PMID: 37193745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Potential use of a quaternized chitosan (MW 600 kDa) with 65% of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium (600-HPTChC65) as an absorptive enhancer was investigated in Caco-2 monolayers. 600-HPTChC65 (0.005% w/v) quickly reduced transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) to the maximum level in 40 min with full recovery within 6 h after removal. Its TEER reduction was corresponded to increased FD4 transport across the monolayers and disrupted localization of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin at the cell borders. 600-HPTChC65 was densely localized at the membrane surface and intercellular junctions. This chitosan (0.08-0.32% w/v) reduced the efflux ratio of [3H]-digoxin by 1.7- 2 folds, suggesting an increased [3H]-digoxin transport across the monolayers. Its binding with P-gp on Caco-2 monolayer increased the signal of fluorescence-labeled anti-P-gp (UIC2) reactivity due to conformational change. 600-HPTChC65 (0.32% w/v) had no effect on P-gp expression in the Caco-2 monolayers. These results suggest that 600-HPTChC65 could enhance drug absorption through tight junction opening and decreased P-gp function. Its interaction with the absorptive barrier mainly resulted in disrupting ZO-1 and occludin organization as well as changing in P-gp conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratjika Wongwanakul
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sasitorn Aueviriyavit
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Tomomi Furihata
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Pattarapond Gonil
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Warayuth Sajomsang
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 111 Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Rawiwan Maniratanachote
- Toxicology and Bio Evaluation Service Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Suree Jianmongkol
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Przykaza K, Jurak M, Wiącek AE. Effect of naproxen on the model lipid membrane formed on the water-chitosan subphase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184099. [PMID: 36493856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are those of the most common over the counter (OTC) medications widely used by millions of people every day. Unfortunately, despite their popularity those drugs can cause serious side effects in the digestive system (ulcers, bleeding, and pain). These inconveniences are caused by the changes in the structures of the outer phospholipid layers of gastric mucus and mucosa. As a result the H+ ions from the stomach acid can pass easily through these natural protective barriers and damage the epithelial cells which causes ulcers and bleeding. Chitosan as a polysaccharide known for its unique biocompatibility, drug delivery possibilities and wound healing effect has been chosen to examine if it can induce the reduction of undesirable effects of naproxen. This paper focuses on the interactions of the naproxen with a model biological membrane with and without the presence of chitosan. Applying the Langmuir technique coupled with the surface potential measurements and the Brewster angle microscope imaging allowed to characterize successfully examined systems in terms of the monolayer compressibility, thickness, stability, electric properties and morphology. The results proved that the presence of naproxen alters the mechanical and electrical properties of the model membrane depending on its surface pressure. Moreover, the addition of chitosan to the lipid-drug system causes significant changes in the properties of the layer, i.e. a reduction of its compressibility, thickness and morphology modification. Nevertheless, chitosan suppresses some changes induced by naproxen such as alteration of the apparent dipole moment and film stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Przykaza
- Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Maria Curie-Skłodowska, Maria Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20031 Lublin, Poland; Department of Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biomedicine, Medical University of Lublin, Kazimierza Jaczewskiego St. 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Jurak
- Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Maria Curie-Skłodowska, Maria Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ewa Wiącek
- Department of Interfacial Phenomena, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Maria Curie-Skłodowska, Maria Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 3, 20031 Lublin, Poland
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Improving Release Profile and Anticancer Activity of 5-Fluorouracil for Breast Cancer Therapy Using a Double Drug Delivery System: Chitosan/Agarose/γ-Alumina Nanocomposite@Double Emulsion. J CLUST SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-023-02405-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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7
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The Relevance of Experimental Charge Density Analysis in Unraveling Noncovalent Interactions in Molecular Crystals. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123690. [PMID: 35744821 PMCID: PMC9229234 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The work carried out by our research group over the last couple of decades in the context of quantitative crystal engineering involves the analysis of intermolecular interactions such as carbon (tetrel) bonding, pnicogen bonding, chalcogen bonding, and halogen bonding using experimental charge density methodology is reviewed. The focus is to extract electron density distribution in the intermolecular space and to obtain guidelines to evaluate the strength and directionality of such interactions towards the design of molecular crystals with desired properties. Following the early studies on halogen bonding interactions, several "sigma-hole" interaction types with similar electrostatic origins have been explored in recent times for their strength, origin, and structural consequences. These include interactions such as carbon (tetrel) bonding, pnicogen bonding, chalcogen bonding, and halogen bonding. Experimental X-ray charge density analysis has proved to be a powerful tool in unraveling the strength and electronic origin of such interactions, providing insights beyond the theoretical estimates from gas-phase molecular dimer calculations. In this mini-review, we outline some selected contributions from the X-ray charge density studies to the field of non-covalent interactions (NCIs) involving elements of the groups 14-17 of the periodic table. Quantitative insights into the nature of these interactions obtained from the experimental electron density distribution and subsequent topological analysis by the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) have been discussed. A few notable examples of weak interactions have been presented in terms of their experimental charge density features. These examples reveal not only the strength and beauty of X-ray charge density multipole modeling as an advanced structural chemistry tool but also its utility in providing experimental benchmarks for the theoretical studies of weak interactions in crystals.
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Ruan Y, Sun H, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Xu J, Zhu H, He Y. Evaluating phospholipid- and protein-water partitioning of two groups of chemicals of emerging concern: Diastereo- and enantioselectivity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128499. [PMID: 35739679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The partitioning between phospholipids/proteins and water can be used to predict the bioaccumulation potential of chemicals with better accuracy compared with n-octanol-water partition coefficient. However, such partitioning is poorly understood for chiral chemicals, many of which exhibit differential bioaccumulation and toxicity potential between enantiomers. In this study, the enantiospecific liposome-water and bovine serum albumin (BSA)-water partition coefficients (Klip/w and KBSA/w, determined at 25 ℃ and 37 ℃, respectively) were measured by equilibrium dialysis for α-, β-, and γ-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and three β-blockers (propranolol, metoprolol, and sotalol). Raman and fluorescence analyses and molecular docking were conducted to provide additional insights into the partitioning process. Results showed α- and β-HBCD displayed stronger enantioselective partitioning to liposomes with the (-)-form, while (-)-α-HBCD, R-(+)-propranolol, R-(+)-metoprolol, and E2-sotalol favored partitioning to BSA compared with their antipodes. Raman spectra revealed α- and γ-HBCD enhanced and reduced the organization of liposome acyl chains, respectively, and polar interactions enhanced the liposome partitioning of β-blockers. Fluorescence spectra indicated the changed tryptophan microenvironment might influence the BSA steric effect toward HBCD, and electrostatic interactions dominated the formation of BSA-β-blocker complexes. Molecular docking results supported the difference in the thermodynamic nature of interaction between the studied enantiomers and BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefei Ruan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Department of Chemistry, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yichun Lu
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiayao Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongkai Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuhe He
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
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Cao Y, Dong X, Chen X. Polymer-Modified Liposomes for Drug Delivery: From Fundamentals to Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040778. [PMID: 35456613 PMCID: PMC9026371 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are highly advantageous platforms for drug delivery. To improve the colloidal stability and avoid rapid uptake by the mononuclear phagocytic system of conventional liposomes while controlling the release of encapsulated agents, modification of liposomes with well-designed polymers to modulate the physiological, particularly the interfacial properties of the drug carriers, has been intensively investigated. Briefly, polymers are incorporated into liposomes mainly using “grafting” or “coating”, defined according to the configuration of polymers at the surface. Polymer-modified liposomes preserve the advantages of liposomes as drug-delivery carriers and possess specific functionality from the polymers, such as long circulation, precise targeting, and stimulus-responsiveness, thereby resulting in improved pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, toxicity, and therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we summarize the progress in polymer-modified liposomes for drug delivery, focusing on the change in physiological properties of liposomes and factors influencing the overall therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Cao
- Department of Electronic Chemicals, Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, Quzhou 324000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (X.C.)
| | - Xinyan Dong
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China;
| | - Xuepeng Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (X.C.)
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Dmour I, Islam N. Recent advances on chitosan as an adjuvant for vaccine delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 200:498-519. [PMID: 34973993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is a natural polymer derived from chitin that has wide applications in drugs, vaccines, and antigen delivery. The distinctive mucoadhesive, biocompatibility, biodegradable, and less toxic properties of chitosan compared to the currently used vaccine adjuvants made it a promising candidate for use as an adjuvant/carrier in vaccine delivery. In addition, chitosan exhibits intrinsic immunomodulating properties making it a suitable adjuvant in preparing vaccines delivery systems. Nanoparticles (NPs) of chitosan and its derivatives loaded with antigen have been shown to induce cellular and humoral responses. Versatility in the physicochemical properties of chitosan can provide an excellent opportunity to engineer antigen-specific adjuvant/delivery systems. This review discusses the recent advances of chitosan and its derivatives as adjuvants in vaccine deliveryand the published literature in the last fifteen years. The impact of physicochemical properties of chitosan on vaccine formulation has been described in detail. Applications of chitosan and its derivatives, their physicochemical properties, and mechanisms in enhancing immune responses have been discussed. Finally, challenges and future aspects of chitosan use has been pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isra Dmour
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
| | - Nazrul Islam
- Pharmacy Discipline, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Centre for Immunology and Infection Control (CIIC), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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11
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Sebaaly C, Haydar S, Greige-Gerges H. Eugenol encapsulation into conventional liposomes and chitosan-coated liposomes: A comparative study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Wang R, Yin C, Liu C, Sun Y, Xiao P, Li J, Yang S, Wu W, Jiang X. Phenylboronic Acid Modification Augments the Lysosome Escape and Antitumor Efficacy of a Cylindrical Polymer Brush-Based Prodrug. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20927-20938. [PMID: 34855390 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Timely lysosome escape is of paramount importance for endocytosed nanomedicines to avoid premature degradation under the acidic and hydrolytic conditions in lysosomes. Herein, we report an exciting finding that phenylboronic acid (PBA) modification can greatly facilitate the lysosome escape of cylindrical polymer brushes (CPBs). On the basis of our experimental results, we speculate that the mechanism is associated with the specific interactions of the PBA groups with lysosomal membrane proteins and hot shock proteins. The featured advantage of the PBA modification over the known lysosome escape strategies is that it does not cause significant adverse effects on the properties of the CPBs; on the contrary, it enhances remarkably their tumor accumulation and penetration. Furthermore, doxorubicin was conjugated to the PBA-modified CPBs with a drug loading content larger than 20%. This CPBs-based prodrug could eradicate the tumors established in mice by multiple intravenous administrations. This work provides a novel strategy for facilitating the lysosome escape of nanomaterials and demonstrates that PBA modification is an effective way to improve the overall properties of nanomedicines including the tumor therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Wang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Changfeng Yin
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Changren Liu
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Panpan Xiao
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiqun Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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Ribeiro JCV, Forte TCM, Tavares SJS, Andrade FK, Vieira RS, Lima V. The effects of the molecular weight of chitosan on the tissue inflammatory response. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:2556-2569. [PMID: 34245089 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The molecular weight of chitosan (CS) may affect its physical properties and its ability to induce an appropriate host response. The biocompatibilities of CS membranes of low (LMWCS) and high (HMWCS) molecular weight were investigated by inserting these materials into the subcutaneous tissue of rats for 1-28 days and evaluating leukocyte infiltration, granulation tissue, fibrosis, arginase-1 immunostaining, as well as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κΒ) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 expressions. Both CS membranes induced a peak of leukocyte infiltration on the first day of insertion and stimulated granulation and fibrous tissue generation when compared to control. LMWCS induced more collagen deposition a week earlier, when compared to the control and HMWCS membrane. The membranes also increased arginase-1 immunostaining, a M2 macrophage marker. M2 macrophage is recognized as anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative. NF-κB is an essential biomarker of the inflammatory process and induces the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. The LMWCS membrane reduced inflammation, as indicated by a reduced nucleus/cytoplasm NF-κB ratio in surrounding tissue from days 7 to 14 when compared to control. On the first day, the expression of FGF-2, a biomarker of inflammatory resolution, was increased in the tissue of the LWMCS group, when compared with HMWCS, which was consistent with the type I collagen deposition. Thus, LWMCS was associated with a prior reduction of the inflammatory response and improved wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fábia Karine Andrade
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Vilma Lima
- School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Electrospun Fibres of Chitosan/PVP for the Effective Chemotherapeutic Drug Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibrous mats consisting of chitosan (CS) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were constructed. Tuning of solution and process parameters was performed and resulted in an electrospun system containing a 6:4 ratio of PVP:CS. This is a significant increase in the proportion of spun CS on the previously reported highest ratio PVP:CS blend. SEM analysis showed that the nanofibrous mats with 4 wt% CS/6 wt% PVP (sample E) comprised homogenous, uniform fibres with an average diameter of 0.569 μm. XPS analysis showed that the surface of the samples consisted of PVP. Raman and FTIR analysis revealed intermolecular interactions (via H-bonding) between PVP and CS. In FTIR spectra, the contribution of chitosan to CS/PVP complexes was shown by the downshift of the C=O band and by the linear increase in intensity of C-O stretching in CS. XPS analysis showed a smaller shift at the binding energy 531 eV, which relates to the amide of the acetylated functional groups. The obtained results demonstrate a sensitivity of Raman and FTIR tests to the presence of chitosan in PVP:CS blend. The chemotherapy drug 5-Fu was incorporated into the constructs and cell viability studies were performed. WST-8 viability assay showed that exposure of A549 human alveolar basal epithelial cells to 10 mg/mL 5-Fu loaded fibres was most effective at killing cells over 24 h. On the other hand, the constructs with loading of 1 mg/mL of drug were not efficient at killing A549 human alveolar basal epithelial cells. This study showed that CS/PVP/5-Fu constructs have potential in chemotherapeutic drug delivery systems.
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15
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Araujo VHS, de Souza MPC, Carvalho GC, Duarte JL, Chorilli M. Chitosan-based systems aimed at local application for vaginal infections. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117919. [PMID: 33766328 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vaginal administration is a promising route for the local treatment of infectious vaginal diseases since it can bypass the first-pass metabolism, drug interactions, and adverse effects. However, the commercial products currently available for topical vulvovaginal treatment have low acceptability and do not adequately explore this route. Mucoadhesive systems can optimize the efficacy of drugs administered by this route to increase the retention time of the drug in the vaginal environment. Several polymers are used to develop mucoadhesive systems, among them chitosan, a natural polymer that is highly biocompatible and technologically versatile. Thus, the present review aimed to analyze the studies that used chitosan to develop mucoadhesive systems for the treatment of local vaginal infections. These studies demonstrated that chitosan as a component of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems (DDS) is a promising device for the treatment of vaginal infectious diseases, due to the intrinsic antimicrobial activity of this biopolymer and because it does not interfere with the effectiveness of the drugs used for the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jonatas Lobato Duarte
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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16
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Valente J, Pereira P, Sousa A, Queiroz J, Sousa F. Effect of Plasmid DNA Size on Chitosan or Polyethyleneimine Polyplexes Formulation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:793. [PMID: 33807586 PMCID: PMC7962013 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy could be simply defined as a strategy for the introduction of a functional copy of desired genes in patients, to correct some specific mutation and potentially treat the respective disorder. However, this straightforward definition hides very complex processes related to the design and preparation of the therapeutic genes, as well as the development of suitable gene delivery systems. Within non-viral vectors, polymeric nanocarriers have offered an ideal platform to be applied as gene delivery systems. Concerning this, the main goal of the study was to do a systematic evaluation on the formulation of pDNA delivery systems based on the complexation of different sized plasmids with chitosan (CH) or polyethyleneimine (PEI) polymers to search for the best option regarding encapsulation efficiency, surface charge, size, and delivery ability. The cytotoxicity and the transfection efficiency of these systems were accessed and, for the best p53 encoding pDNA nanosystems, the ability to promote protein expression was also evaluated. Overall, it was showed that CH polyplexes are more efficient on transfection when compared with the PEI polyplexes, resulting in higher P53 protein expression. Cells transfected with CH/p53-pDNA polyplexes presented an increase of around 54.2% on P53 expression, while the transfection with the PEI/p53-pDNA polyplexes resulted in a 32% increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.F.A. Valente
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.P.); (A.S.); (J.A.Q.)
- CDRsp—Centre Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - P. Pereira
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.P.); (A.S.); (J.A.Q.)
- CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima-Pólo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. Sousa
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.P.); (A.S.); (J.A.Q.)
| | - J.A. Queiroz
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.P.); (A.S.); (J.A.Q.)
| | - F. Sousa
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (P.P.); (A.S.); (J.A.Q.)
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Lampe AT, Farris EJ, Brown DM, Pannier AK. High- and low-molecular-weight chitosan act as adjuvants during single-dose influenza A virus protein vaccination through distinct mechanisms. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:1224-1243. [PMID: 33289090 PMCID: PMC7897297 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of new adjuvants is essential for the development of efficacious vaccines. Chitosan (CS), a derivative of chitin, has been shown to act as an adjuvant, improving vaccine-induced immune responses. However, the effect of CS molecular weight (MW) on this adjuvanticity has not been investigated, despite MW having been shown to impact CS biological properties. Here, two MW variants of CS were investigated for their ability to enhance vaccine-elicited immune responses in vitro and in vivo, using a single-dose influenza A virus (IAV) protein vaccine model. Both low-molecular-weight (LMW) and high-molecular-weight (HMW) CS-induced interferon regulatory factor pathway signaling, antigen-presenting cell activation, and cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) production, with LMW inducing higher mRNA levels at 24 h and HMW elevating mRNA responses at 48 h. LMW and HMW CS also induced adaptive immune responses after vaccination, indicated by enhanced immunoglobulin G production in mice receiving LMW CS and increased CD4 interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-2 production in mice receiving HMW CS. Importantly, both LMW and HMW CS adjuvantation reduced morbidity following homologous IAV challenge. Taken together, these results support that LMW and HMW CS can act as adjuvants, although this protection may be mediated through distinct mechanisms based on CS MW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna T Lampe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Eric J Farris
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Deborah M Brown
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY, USA
| | - Angela K Pannier
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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18
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Karanth S, Meesaragandla B, Delcea M. Changing surface properties of artificial lipid membranes at the interface with biopolymer coated gold nanoparticles under normal and redox conditions. Biophys Chem 2020; 267:106465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Membrane interactions in drug delivery: Model cell membranes and orthogonal techniques. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 281:102177. [PMID: 32417568 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
To generate the desired effect in the human body, the active pharmaceutical ingredient usually needs to interact with a receptor located on the cell membrane or inside the cell. Thus, understanding membrane interactions is of great importance when it comes to the development and testing of new drug molecules or new drug delivery systems. Nowadays, there is a tremendous selection of both model cell membranes and of techniques that can be used to characterize interactions between selected model cell membranes and a drug molecule, an excipient, or a drug delivery system. Having such a wide selection of model cell membranes and techniques available makes it sometimes challenging to select the optimal combination for a specific study. Furthermore, it is difficult to compare results obtained using different model cell membranes and techniques, and not all in vitro studies translate as well to an estimation of the in vivo biological activity or understanding of mode of action. This review provides an overview of the available lipid bilayer-based model cell membranes and of the most widely employed techniques for studying membrane interactions. Finally, the need for employing complimentary characterization techniques in order to acquire more reliable and in-depth information is highlighted.
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20
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Franzè S, Selmin F, Rocco P, Colombo G, Casiraghi A, Cilurzo F. Preserving the Integrity of Liposomes Prepared by Ethanol Injection upon Freeze-Drying: Insights from Combined Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Experimental Data. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060530. [PMID: 32526935 PMCID: PMC7356173 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The freeze-drying of complex formulations, such as liposomes, is challenging, particularly if dispersions contain residual organic solvents. This work aimed to investigate the effects of possible protectants, namely sucrose, trehalose and/or poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), on the main features of the dried product using a 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC)-based liposomal dispersion prepared by ethanol injection and containing ethanol up to 6%, as a model. The interactions among vesicles and protectants were preliminary screened by Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, which have been proved useful in rationalizing the selection of protectant(s). The freeze-drying protocol was based on calorimetric results. Overall data suggested a stronger cryo-protectant effect of trehalose, compared with sucrose, due to stronger interactions with the DPPC bilayer and the formation of highly ordered clusters around the lipids. The effect further improved in the presence of PVP. Differently from the other tested protectants, the selected trehalose/PVP combination allows to preserve liposome size, even in the presence of 6% ethanol, as demonstrated by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA). Nevertheless, it should be also underlined that cakes blew out at an ethanol concentration higher than 1% v/v, probably due to the poor cohesion within the cake and solvent vapour pressure upon sublimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Franzè
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.F.); (P.R.); (A.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Selmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.F.); (P.R.); (A.C.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-503-24645
| | - Paolo Rocco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.F.); (P.R.); (A.C.); (F.C.)
| | | | - Antonella Casiraghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.F.); (P.R.); (A.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Cilurzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.F.); (P.R.); (A.C.); (F.C.)
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21
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Rational Design of Bioactive and Antibacterial Efficient Nano-ZnO Loaded Chitosan Dressing for Improved Wound Healing after Femoral Fracture Surgery and Nursing Care Management. J CLUST SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-020-01807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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James HP, Jadhav S. Mechanical and transport properties of chitosan-zwitterionic phospholipid vesicles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 188:110782. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Villegas-Peralta Y, López-Cervantes J, Madera Santana TJ, Sánchez-Duarte RG, Sánchez-Machado DI, Martínez-Macías MDR, Correa-Murrieta MA. Impact of the molecular weight on the size of chitosan nanoparticles: characterization and its solid-state application. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Sarkar S, Thomas SP, Potnuru LR, Edwards AJ, Grosjean A, Ramanathan KV, Guru Row TN. Experimental Insights into the Electronic Nature, Spectral Features, and Role of Entropy in Short CH 3···CH 3 Hydrophobic Interactions. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7224-7229. [PMID: 31696712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic interactions are often explored in solution-state aggregation of molecules. However, an experimental electron density description about these interactions is still lacking. Here, we report a systematic study on the electronic nature of methyl···methyl hydrophobic interactions in a series of multicomponent crystals of biologically active molecules. Charge density models based on high-resolution X-ray diffraction allow the visualization of subtle details of electron density features in the interaction region. Our study classifies these interactions as atypical group···group interactions in contrast to σ-hole interactions, which are stabilized by the minimized electrostatic repulsion and maximized dispersion forces. For the first time, we quantified the solid-state entropic contribution from the torsional mode of the methyl groups in stabilizing these interactions by thermal motion analysis based on neutron diffraction as well as variable-temperature crystallography. The carbon atoms in methyl···methyl interactions show a unique upfield chemical shift in the 13C solid-state NMR signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sounak Sarkar
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore - 560012 , India
| | - Sajesh P Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and iNano , Langelandsgade 140 , Aarhus 8000 , Denmark
| | | | - Alison J Edwards
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) , Lucas Heights , Sydney , NSW 2232 , Australia
| | - Arnaud Grosjean
- School of Molecular Sciences , The University of Western Australia , Perth 6009 , Australia
| | | | - T N Guru Row
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore - 560012 , India
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25
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Schellenberger R, Touchard M, Clément C, Baillieul F, Cordelier S, Crouzet J, Dorey S. Apoplastic invasion patterns triggering plant immunity: plasma membrane sensing at the frontline. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:1602-1616. [PMID: 31353775 PMCID: PMC6804340 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants are able to effectively cope with invading pathogens by activating an immune response based on the detection of invasion patterns (IPs) originating from the pathogen or released by the plant after infection. At a first level, this perception takes place at the plasma membrane through cell surface immune receptors and although the involvement of proteinaceous pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is well established, increasing data are also pointing out the role of membrane lipids in the sensing of IPs. In this review, we discuss the evolution of various conceptual models describing plant immunity and present an overview of well-characterized IPs from different natures and origins. We summarize the current knowledge on how they are perceived by plants at the plasma membrane, highlighting the increasingly apparent diversity of sentinel-related systems in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Schellenberger
- University of Reims Champagne‐ArdenneRIBP EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417Reims51100France
| | - Matthieu Touchard
- University of Reims Champagne‐ArdenneRIBP EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417Reims51100France
| | - Christophe Clément
- University of Reims Champagne‐ArdenneRIBP EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417Reims51100France
| | - Fabienne Baillieul
- University of Reims Champagne‐ArdenneRIBP EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417Reims51100France
| | - Sylvain Cordelier
- University of Reims Champagne‐ArdenneRIBP EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417Reims51100France
| | - Jérôme Crouzet
- University of Reims Champagne‐ArdenneRIBP EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417Reims51100France
| | - Stéphan Dorey
- University of Reims Champagne‐ArdenneRIBP EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417Reims51100France
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26
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Kole S, Qadiri SSN, Shin SM, Kim WS, Lee J, Jung SJ. Nanoencapsulation of inactivated-viral vaccine using chitosan nanoparticles: Evaluation of its protective efficacy and immune modulatory effects in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 91:136-147. [PMID: 31096061 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), a (-) ssRNA virus belonging to the genus Novirhabdovirus of rhabdoviridae family, is the aetiological agent of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) disease which causes huge economic losses in farmed olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and significant mortalities among several other marine fish species in Korea, Japan, and China. Previously, we developed an inactivated vaccine viz., formalin-inactivated VHSV mixed with squalene as adjuvant which was effective in conferring protective immunity (58-76% relative percentage survival) against VHSV but the mode of administration was intraperitoneal injection which is not feasible for small sized fingerling fish. To overcome this limitation, we presently focused on replacing the injection route of vaccine delivery by oral and immersion routes. In this context, we encapsulated the inactivated VHSV vaccine with chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs-IV) by water-in-oil (W/O) emulsification method. After encapsulation, two sets of in vivo vaccination trials were conducted viz., preliminary trial-I and final trial-II. In preliminary trial-I, olive flounder fingerlings (10.5 ± 1.7 g) were vaccinated with CNPs-IV by different delivery strategies involving oral and immersion routes (single/booster dose) followed by challenge with VHSV (1 × 106 TCID50 virus/fish) to evaluate an effective method amongst different applied delivery strategies. Subsequently, a final trial-II was conducted to better understand the immune mechanism behind the efficacy of the employed delivery strategy and also to further improvise the delivery mechanism with prime-boost (primary immersion and oral boosting) combination in order to improve the transient anti-VHSV response in the host. Evaluation of RPS analysis in trial-I revealed higher RPS of 46.7% and 53.3% in the CNPs-IV (immersion) and CNPs-IV (immersion/immersion) groups, respectively compared to 0% RPS in the CNPs-IV (oral) group and 20% RPS in the CNPs-IV (oral/oral) group when calculated against 100% cumulative mortality percentage in the NVC (non-vaccinated challenged) control group, whereas, in the trial-II, RPS of 60% and 66.6% were obtained for CNPs-IV (immersion/immersion) and CNPs-IV (immersion/oral) groups, respectively. In addition, specific (anti-VHSV) antibody titre in the fish sera, skin mucus and intestinal mucus of the immunized groups were significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced following vaccination. Furthermore, CNPs-IV immunized fish showed significant (p < 0.05) upregulation of different immune gene transcripts (IgM, IgT, pIgR, MHC-I, MHC-II, IFN-γ, and Caspase3) compared to control, in both the systemic (kidney) and mucosal (skin and intestine) immune compartments of the host post immunization as well as post challenge. To conclude, mucosal immunization with CNPs-IV vaccine can orchestrate an effective immunization strategy in organizing a coordinative immune response against VHSV in olive flounder thereby exhibiting higher protective efficacy to the host with minimum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajal Kole
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Su-Mi Shin
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Wi-Sik Kim
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ju Jung
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Rodenak-Kladniew B, Scioli Montoto S, Sbaraglini ML, Di Ianni M, Ruiz ME, Talevi A, Alvarez VA, Durán N, Castro GR, Islan GA. Hybrid Ofloxacin/eugenol co-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles with enhanced and targetable antimicrobial properties. Int J Pharm 2019; 569:118575. [PMID: 31356956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the global context of an imminent emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, the present work combined the use of nanotechnology and the therapeutic benefits of natural compounds as a strategy to potentiate antimicrobial action of the wide-spectrum antibiotic Ofloxacin (Ofx). Hybrid solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were synthesized by incorporation of chitosan (Chi, a cationic biopolymer with antimicrobial activity) and eugenol (Eu, a phenolic compound that interferes with bacterial quorum sensing) into a lipid matrix by hot homogenization/ultrasonication method. The developed SLN/Chi/Eu sustainably released the encapsulated Ofx for 24 h. Characterization by DLS, TEM, DSC, TGA and XRD revealed the presence of positively charged spherical nanoparticles with diameters around 300 nm and Ofx entrapped in amorphous state. The SLN exhibited an enhanced bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for free and nanoencapsulated Ofx formulations was below 1.0 µg/ml. The MIC values decreased by 6.1- to 16.1-fold when Ofx was encapsulated in SLN/Chi/Eu. Fluorescent-labeled nanoparticles had the ability to interact with the bacterial cell membrane. Selective toxicity of SLN/Chi/Eu-Ofx was tested in the range of 0.3-30.0 µg/ml and showed no toxicity up to 3.0 µg/ml Ofx in human cell models (A549 and Wi-38) at 24 h and 48 h exposure. It was proved that the administration of hybrid SLN to mice by dry powder inhalation reached therapeutic Ofx levels in lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rodenak-Kladniew
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CONICET-UNLP, CCT-La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, La Plata, Argentina
| | - S Scioli Montoto
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Bioactivos (LIDeB), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Calle 47 y 115 (B1900AJI), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M L Sbaraglini
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Bioactivos (LIDeB), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Calle 47 y 115 (B1900AJI), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Di Ianni
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Bioactivos (LIDeB), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Calle 47 y 115 (B1900AJI), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M E Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Bioactivos (LIDeB), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Calle 47 y 115 (B1900AJI), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Talevi
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Bioactivos (LIDeB), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Calle 47 y 115 (B1900AJI), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V A Alvarez
- Grupo de Materiales Compuestos Termoplásticos (CoMP), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP) - CONICET, Av. Colón 10850 (B7608FDQ), Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Durán
- Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C.P. 6159, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil; NanoMed Center, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - G R Castro
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, CINDEFI, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) -CONICET (CCT La Plata), Calle 47 y 115, (B1900AJI), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G A Islan
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, CINDEFI, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) -CONICET (CCT La Plata), Calle 47 y 115, (B1900AJI), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Petrin THC, Fadel V, Martins DB, Dias SA, Cruz A, Sergio LM, Arcisio-Miranda M, Castanho MARB, Dos Santos Cabrera MP. Synthesis and Characterization of Peptide-Chitosan Conjugates (PepChis) with Lipid Bilayer Affinity and Antibacterial Activity. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2743-2753. [PMID: 31184862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides appear among innovative biopolymers with potential therapeutic interest. Nevertheless, issues concerning efficiency, production costs, and toxicity persist. Herein, we show that conjugation of peptides with chitosans can represent an alternative in the search for these needs. To increase solubility, deacetylated and degraded chitosans were prepared. Then, they were functionalized via N-succinimidyl- S-acetylthiopropionate or via glutathione (GSH), an endogenous peptide linker. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that GSH is used as a thiolating agent for the conjugation of peptides. Next, thiolated chitosans were conjugated through a disulfide bond with designed short-chain peptides, one of them derived from the antimicrobial peptide Jelleine-I. Conjugates and respective reaction intermediates were characterized by absorciometry, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared, and 1H NMR. Zeta potential measurements showed the cationic nature of these biomacromolecules and their preferential partitioning to Gram-positive bacterial-like model membranes. In vitro investigation using representative Gram-positive and -negative bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively) showed that the conjugation strategies lead to enhanced activity in relation to the unconjugated peptide and to the unconjugated chitosan. The obtained products showed selectivity toward S. aureus at low cytotoxicity as determined in NIH/3T3 cells. Overall, our study demonstrates that an appropriate choice of antimicrobial peptide and chitosan characteristics leads to increased antimicrobial activity of the conjugated product and represents a strategy to modulate the activity and selectivity of antimicrobials resorting to low-cost chemicals. The present proposal starts from less expensive raw materials (chitosan and short-chain peptide), is based on aqueous solvents, and minimizes the use of reactants with a higher environmental impact. The final biopolymer contains the backbone of chitosan, just 3-6% peptide derived from royal jelly and GSH, all of them considered safe for human use or as a physiological molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Susana A Dias
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa 1649-028 , Portugal
| | - Ana Cruz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa 1649-028 , Portugal
| | - Luciana Marciano Sergio
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Estrutural e Funcional (LaNEF), Departamento de Biofísica , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo 04023-062 , Brazil
| | - Manoel Arcisio-Miranda
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Estrutural e Funcional (LaNEF), Departamento de Biofísica , Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo 04023-062 , Brazil
| | - Miguel A R B Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa 1649-028 , Portugal
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Garg U, Chauhan S, Nagaich U, Jain N. Current Advances in Chitosan Nanoparticles Based Drug Delivery and Targeting. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:195-204. [PMID: 31380245 PMCID: PMC6664124 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been found to be potential targeted and controlled release drug delivery systems. Various drugs can be loaded in the NPs to achieve targeted delivery. Chitosan NPs being biodegradable, biocompatible, less toxic and easy to prepare, are an effective and potential tool for drug delivery. Chitosan is natural biopolymer which can be easily functionalized to obtain the desired targeted results and is also approved by GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe by the United States Food and Drug Administration [US FDA]). Various methods for preparation of chitosan NPs include, ionic cross-linking, covalent cross-linking, reverse micellar method, precipitation and emulsion-droplet coalescence method. Chitosan NPs are found to have plethora of applications in drug delivery diagnosis and other biological applications. The key applications include ocular drug delivery, per-oral delivery, pulmonary drug delivery, nasal drug delivery, mucosal drug delivery, gene delivery, buccal drug delivery, vaccine delivery, vaginal drug delivery and cancer therapy. The present review describes the formation of chitosan, synthesis of chitosan NPs and their various applications in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Neha Jain
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201303
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Wen Z, Liu F, Chen Q, Xu Y, Li H, Sun S. Recent development in biodegradable nanovehicle delivery system-assisted immunotherapy. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:4414-4443. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00961b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A schematic illustration of BNDS biodegradation and release antigen delivery for assisting immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfu Wen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- P. R. China
| | - Fengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Ganjingzi District
- P. R. China
| | | | - Yongqian Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- P. R. China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- P. R. China
| | - Shiguo Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- P. R. China
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31
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Fu S, Xu X, Ma Y, Zhang S, Zhang S. RGD peptide-based non-viral gene delivery vectors targeting integrin α vβ 3 for cancer therapy. J Drug Target 2018; 27:1-11. [PMID: 29564914 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1455841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integrin αvβ3 is restrictedly expressed on angiogenic blood vessels and tumour cells. It plays a key role in angiogenesis for tumour growth and metastasis. RGD peptide can specifically recognise the integrin αvβ3, which serves as targeted molecular for anti-angiogenesis strategies. Therefore, the targeted delivery of therapeutics by RGD peptide-based non-viral vectors to tumour vasculature and tumour cells is recognised as a promising approach for treating cancer. In this review, we illustrate the interaction between RGD peptide and integrin αvβ3 from different perspectives. Meanwhile, four types of RGD peptide-based non-viral gene delivery vectors for cancer therapy, including RGD-based cationic polymers, lipids, peptides and hybrid systems, are summarised. The aim is to particularly highlight the enhanced therapeutic effects and specific targeting ability exhibited by these vectors for cancer gene therapy both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Fu
- a State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , China.,b Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education , Dalian Minzu University , Dalian , China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- b Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education , Dalian Minzu University , Dalian , China
| | - Yu Ma
- b Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education , Dalian Minzu University , Dalian , China
| | - Shubiao Zhang
- b Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education , Dalian Minzu University , Dalian , China
| | - Shufen Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , China
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Rose F, Wern JE, Gavins F, Andersen P, Follmann F, Foged C. A strong adjuvant based on glycol-chitosan-coated lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles potentiates mucosal immune responses against the recombinant Chlamydia trachomatis fusion antigen CTH522. J Control Release 2018; 271:88-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Martins DB, Nasário FD, Silva-Gonçalves LC, de Oliveira Tiera VA, Arcisio-Miranda M, Tiera MJ, dos Santos Cabrera MP. Chitosan derivatives targeting lipid bilayers: Synthesis, biological activity and interaction with model membranes. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 181:1213-1223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Yang G, Wang Y. Dynamic Light Scattering of DNA-Ligand Complexes. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1837:161-176. [PMID: 30109611 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8675-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic Light Scattering ( DLS ) enables the characterization of sizes and electrokinetic properties of colloids, polymers, macromolecules. DNA is a charged semiflexible polyelectrolyte, which is condensed or compacted by counterions, proteins, and other condensing agents in processes such as chromosome compaction and gene therapeutic applications. DNA condensation is closely related to charge screening, since packaging requires effective neutralization of its surface negative charges. In this chapter, we describe in detail the protocol for DLS of DNA-ligand complexes. As an example, we describe data for condensation of DNA by chitosan and the measurement of size, zeta potential, and electrophoretic mobility of the DNA-ligand complex by DLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcan Yang
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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35
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Inhibiting influenza virus replication and inducing protection against lethal influenza virus challenge through chitosan nanoparticles loaded by siRNA. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 8:12-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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36
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A close collaboration of chitosan with lipid colloidal carriers for drug delivery applications. J Control Release 2017; 256:121-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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37
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Camacho E, Niño-Vega GA. Paracoccidioides Spp.: Virulence Factors and Immune-Evasion Strategies. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5313691. [PMID: 28553014 PMCID: PMC5434249 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5313691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioides spp. are dimorphic fungal pathogens responsible for one of the most relevant systemic mycoses in Latin America, paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). Their exact ecological niche remains unknown; however, they have been isolated from soil samples and armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus), which have been proposed as animal reservoir for these fungi. Human infection occurs by inhalation of conidia or mycelia fragments and is mostly associated with immunocompetent hosts inhabiting and/or working in endemic rural areas. In this review focusing on the pathogen perspective, we will discuss some of the microbial attributes and molecular mechanisms that enable Paracoccidioides spp. to tolerate, adapt, and ultimately avoid the host immune response, establishing infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Camacho
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunobiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gustavo A. Niño-Vega
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, GTO, Mexico
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38
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Binding efficacy and kinetics of chitosan with DNA duplex: The effects of deacetylation degree and nucleotide sequences. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 169:451-457. [PMID: 28504168 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The binding process of DNA duplex with various types of chitosan polymers were studied at atomic level through molecular dynamics simulations. The interaction kinetics and binding strength, complex morphology and DNA structure evolution were systematically accessed. The binding efficacy of chitosan to DNA reduces (both in complexation speed and binding strength) when deacetylation degree is decreased, because protonated amine groups on chitosan backbone are more prone to bind with DNA, especially the phosphate oxygen, through coulomb interaction. The Watson Crick hydrogen bonds of A-T base pairs are more easily to break because chitosan is capable to form competitive hydrogen bonds with them. It is surprising to find that the G-C nucleotides have highly restrained kinetic motion than that of A-T nucleotides, which would be important for DNA-chitosan complexation and condensation to happen at the microscopic level. From our current results, the degree of chitosan deacetylation is found to play a certain role in regulating the DNA-chitosan complexation process, but is not as important as being believed before. Other types of chemical functionalization that can tune the chitosan's hydrophobicity should deserve more attentions in the experiment.
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39
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Kumar V, Leekha A, Tyagi A, Kaul A, Mishra AK, Verma AK. Preparation and evaluation of biopolymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery system in effective treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Pharm Res 2017; 34:654-667. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-2094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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40
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Picheth GF, Pirich CL, Dos Santos LA, Camarozano AC, Sierakowski MR, Ocampos FM, Barison A, Kaminski GA, Pontarolo R, de Freitas RA. Chitosan-coated microvesicles: Effect of polysaccharide-phospholipid affinity on decafluorobutane dissolution. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 153:169-175. [PMID: 27561484 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The stability of perfluorinated microvesicles is mainly determined by the presence of interfacial materials and their ability to hinder the gas component diffusibility into the bloodstream. The goal of this study is to increase the persistence of the gaseous-core by introducing chitosan-coated 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) microvesicles, reducing gas diffusion from microvesicles, and increasing for a long time ultrasonic signals. Our hypothesis was based on the irreversible adhesion of chitosan towards DSPC head groups observed in thin-films models. This affinity enhanced the stabilization of gaseous-core microvesicles, in which the polysaccharide effectively reduced the phospholipid phase transition enthalpy from 383±5.5Jmg(-1) for plain to 150±9.7Jmg(-1) for chitosan-coated microvesicles, providing a more stable structure that diminished the gaseous component lost and provided the persistence of intense (19)F-NMR signals after 48h, twice as long compared to plain samples. As a result, stronger and long-lasting ultrasonic signals were produced by the more stable chitosan-containing microvesicles, thus, presenting great potential to increase the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of perfluorocarbon carries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme F Picheth
- Biopol, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; CEB, Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Paraná, 80210-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Cleverton L Pirich
- Biopol, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Larissa A Dos Santos
- Biopol, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana C Camarozano
- Medicine Department, Federal University of Paraná, 80060-240 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Rita Sierakowski
- Biopol, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Ocampos
- NMR center, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Andersson Barison
- NMR center, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Gabriel A Kaminski
- Biopol, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil; CEB, Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Paraná, 80210-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Roberto Pontarolo
- CEB, Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Paraná, 80210-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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41
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Mendes AC, Shekarforoush E, Engwer C, Beeren SR, Gorzelanny C, Goycoolea FM, Chronakis IS. Co-assembly of chitosan and phospholipids into hybrid hydrogels. PURE APPL CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractNovel hybrid hydrogels were formed by adding chitosan (Ch) to phospholipids (P) self-assembled particles in lactic acid. The effect of the phospholipid concentration on the hydrogel properties was investigated and was observed to affect the rate of hydrogel formation and viscoelastic properties. A lower concentration of phospholipids (0.5% wt/v) in the mixture, facilitates faster network formation as observed by Dynamic Light Scattering, with lower elastic modulus than the hydrogels formed with higher phospholipid content. The nano-porous structure of Ch/P hydrogels, with a diameter of 260±20 nm, as observed by cryo-scanning electron microscopy, facilitated the penetration of water and swelling. Cell studies revealed suitable biocompatibility of the Ch/P hydrogels that can be used within life sciences applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Mendes
- 1Nano-BioScience Research Group, DTU-Food, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts plads 227, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Elhamalsadat Shekarforoush
- 1Nano-BioScience Research Group, DTU-Food, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts plads 227, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christoph Engwer
- 2Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossgarten 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sophie R. Beeren
- 3DTU-Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Gorzelanny
- 4Experimental Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Francisco M. Goycoolea
- 2Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossgarten 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ioannis S. Chronakis
- 1Nano-BioScience Research Group, DTU-Food, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts plads 227, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Patel BJ, Vignesh NK, Hortelano G. Chitosan DNA nanoparticles for oral gene delivery. World J Med Genet 2016; 6:22-33. [DOI: 10.5496/wjmg.v6.i3.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising technology with potential applications in the treatment of medical conditions, both congenital and acquired. Despite its label as breakthrough technology for the 21st century, the simple concept of gene therapy - the introduction of a functional copy of desired genes in affected individuals - is proving to be more challenging than expected. Oral gene delivery has shown intriguing results and warrants further exploration. In particular, oral administration of chitosan DNA nanoparticles, one the most commonly used formulations of therapeutic DNA, has repeatedly demonstrated successful in vitro and in vivo gene transfection. While oral gene therapy has shown immense promise as treatment options in a variety of diseases, there are still significant barriers to overcome before it can be considered for clinical applications. In this review we provide an overview of the physiologic challenges facing the use of chitosan DNA nanoparticles for oral gene delivery at both the extracellular and intracellular level. From administration at the oral cavity, chitosan nanoparticles must traverse the gastrointestinal tract and protect its DNA contents from significant jumps in pH levels, various intestinal digestive enzymes, thick mucus layers with high turnover, and a proteinaceous glycocalyx meshwork. Once these extracellular barriers are overcome, chitosan DNA nanoparticles must enter intestinal cells, escape endolysosomes, and disassociate from genetic material at the appropriate time allowing transport of genetic material into the nucleus to deliver a therapeutic effect. The properties of chitosan nanoparticles and modified nanoparticles are discussed in this review. An understanding of the barriers to oral gene delivery and how to overcome them would be invaluable for future gene therapy development.
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43
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Lu S, Xu L, Kang ET, Mahendran R, Chiong E, Neoh KG. Co-delivery of peptide-modified cisplatin and doxorubicin via mucoadhesive nanocapsules for potential synergistic intravesical chemotherapy of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 84:103-15. [PMID: 26780592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Synergistic effect against UMUC3 bladder cancer cells was demonstrated via a "two-in-one" combination of doxorubicin (Dox) and peptide-modified cisplatin (Pt-ALy) loaded in positively charged mucoadhesive chitosan-polymethacrylic acid (CM) nanocapsules. The in vitro killing efficacy of the dual drug-loaded nanocapsules (CM-Dox-PtALy) against UMUC3 cells after 4h- and 72h-treatment is much higher (with 5-16 times lower IC50) than either Dox- or Pt-ALy-loaded nanocapsules, resulting in combination indexes of much less than 1 (i.e. obvious synergism) at fractions of affected cells ranging from 0.2 to 0.8. The dose reduction index of Pt-ALy for 72h-treatment is higher than for 4h-treatment, suggesting that Dox in CM-Dox-PtALy played a more significant role in the synergy in the former. The drug-loaded CM nanocapsules are readily taken in by the cells as shown by flow cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Microscopy observations indicate that CM nanocapsules attach strongly on the luminal surface of the bladder with no obvious damage of the urothelium, supporting our objective of prolonging the dwell time of the drug-loaded nanocapsules for intravesical applications. Our study indicates that the mucoadhesive CM-Dox-PtALy nanocapsules have a high drug loading and a sustained release profile, and thus, are promising for synergistic intravesical chemotherapy of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Liqun Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - En Tang Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Ratha Mahendran
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Edmund Chiong
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Koon Gee Neoh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
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44
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Nosanchuk JD, Stark RE, Casadevall A. Fungal Melanin: What do We Know About Structure? Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1463. [PMID: 26733993 PMCID: PMC4687393 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of melanin significantly enhances the virulence of many important human pathogenic fungi. Despite fungal melanin’s importance in human disease, as well as melanin’s contribution to the ability of fungi to survive in diverse hostile environments, the structure of melanin remains unsolved. Nevertheless, ongoing research efforts have progressively revealed several notable structural characteristics of this enigmatic pigment, which will be the focus of this review. These compositional and organizational insights could further our ability to develop novel therapeutic approaches to combat fungal disease and enhance our understanding of how melanin is inserted into the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Nosanchuk
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronx, NY, USA; Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronx, NY, USA
| | - Ruth E Stark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Graduate Center, The City College of New York, The City University of New YorkNew York, NY, USA; Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, The City University of New YorkNew York, NY, USA
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
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45
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Tan C, Zhang Y, Abbas S, Feng B, Zhang X, Xia W, Xia S. Biopolymer-Lipid Bilayer Interaction Modulates the Physical Properties of Liposomes: Mechanism and Structure. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7277-7285. [PMID: 26173584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to elucidate the conformational dependence of the modulating ability of chitosan, a positively charged biopolymer, on a new type of liposome composed of mixed lipids including egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EYPC) and nonionic surfactant (Tween 80). Analysis of the dynamic and structure of bilayer membrane upon interaction with chitosan by fluorescence and electron paramagnetic resonance techniques demonstrated that, in addition to providing a physical barrier for the membrane surface, the adsorption of chitosan extended and crimped chains rigidified the lipid membrane. However, the decrease in relative microviscosity and order parameter suggested that the presence of chitosan coils disturbed the membrane organization. It was also noted that the increase of fluidity in the lipid bilayer center was not pronounced, indicating the shallow penetration of coils into the hydrophobic interior of bilayer. Microscopic observations revealed that chitosan adsorption not only affected the morphology of liposomes but also modulated the particle aggregation and fusion. Especially, a number of very heterogeneous particles were visualized, which tended to confirm the role of chitosan coils as a "polymeric surfactant". In addition to particle deformation, the membrane permeability was also tuned. These findings may provide a new perspective to understand the physiological functionality of biopolymer and design biopolymer-liposome composite structures as delivery systems for bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yating Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shabbar Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Biao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenshui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shuqin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Mertins O, Mathews PD, Gomide AB, Baptista MS, Itri R. Effective protection of biological membranes against photo-oxidative damage: Polymeric antioxidant forming a protecting shield over the membrane. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2180-7. [PMID: 26055894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We have prepared a chitosan polymer modified with gallic acid in order to develop an efficient protection strategy biological membranes against photodamage. Lipid bilayers were challenged with photoinduced damage by photosensitization with methylene blue, which usually causes formation of hydroperoxides, increasing area per lipid, and afterwards allowing leakage of internal materials. The damage was delayed by a solution of gallic acid in a concentration dependent manner, but further suppressed by the polymer at very low concentrations. The membrane of giant unilamellar vesicles was covered with this modified macromolecule leading to a powerful shield against singlet oxygen and thus effectively protecting the lipid membrane from oxidative stress. The results have proven the discovery of a promising strategy for photo protection of biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Mertins
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, 04023-062 São Paulo, Brazil; Applied Physics Department, Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa R 187, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Patrick D Mathews
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, 04023-062 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreza B Gomide
- Applied Physics Department, Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa R 187, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio S Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Itri
- Applied Physics Department, Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa R 187, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Chiappisi L, Gradzielski M. Co-assembly in chitosan-surfactant mixtures: thermodynamics, structures, interfacial properties and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 220:92-107. [PMID: 25865361 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this review, different aspects characterizing chitosan-surfactant mixtures are summarized and compared. Chitosan is a bioderived cationic polysaccharide that finds wide-ranged applications in various field, e.g., medical or food industry, in which synergistic effects with surfactant can play a fundamental role. In particular, the behavior of chitosan interacting with strong and weak anionic, nonionic as well as cationic surfactants is reviewed. We put a focus on oppositely charged systems, as they exhibit the most interesting features. In that context, we discuss the thermodynamic description of the interaction and in particular the structural changes as they occur as a function of the mixed systems and external parameters. Moreover, peculiar properties of chitosan coated phospholipid vesicles are summarized. Finally, their co-assembly at interfaces is briefly reviewed. Despite the behavior of the mentioned systems might strongly differ, resulting in a high variety of properties, few general rules can be pointed out which improve the understanding of such complex systems.
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48
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Qiu S, Wang Y, Cao B, Guo Z, Chen Y, Yang G. The suppression and promotion of DNA charge inversion by mixing counterions. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:4099-4105. [PMID: 25913809 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00326a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the preset study, we report the suppression and promotion of DNA charge inversion by mixing a quadrivalent counterion (spermine) with mono-, di- and trivalent counterions by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and single molecule electrophoresis (SME) methods. We find that the electrophoretic mobility of DNA in spermine solution decreases in the presence of monovalent sodium ions and divalent magnesium ions. It means that the charge neutralization of DNA by the quadrivalent counterion is suppressed when adding extra mono- or divalent counterions. More specifically, at a high concentration of spermine, the positive mobility can switch back to a negative value by adding mono- and divalent counterions. Thus, charge neutralization and inversion of DNA by quadrivalent counterions is suppressed in the mono- and divalent ion solution. However, the scenario changes dramatically when we add trivalent ions into the solution of DNA and spermine. In this case, the charge neutralization and inversion of DNA is promoted rather than suppressed by mixing with trivalent ions. The negative electrophoretic mobility can be promoted to a positive value, which corresponds to the charge inversion, by trivalent counterions. Thus trivalent and quadrivalent counterions work cooperatively in DNA charge neutralization and inversion. This promotion also occurs when highly positively charged chitosan is introduced into the solution. We explain the observation by the counterion complexation that is related to DNA condensation, which is supported by the images of atomic force microscopy (AFM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixue Qiu
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Takechi-Haraya Y, Tanaka K, Tsuji K, Asami Y, Izawa H, Shigenaga A, Otaka A, Saito H, Kawakami K. Molecular Complex Composed of β-Cyclodextrin-Grafted Chitosan and pH-Sensitive Amphipathic Peptide for Enhancing Cellular Cholesterol Efflux under Acidic pH. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:572-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takechi-Haraya
- Institute
of Health Biosciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, 1-78-1 Shoumachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
- International
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kento Tanaka
- Institute
of Health Biosciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, 1-78-1 Shoumachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kohei Tsuji
- Institute
of Health Biosciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, 1-78-1 Shoumachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yasuo Asami
- TA Instruments Japan, Inc., 5-2-4 Nishi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0031 Japan
| | - Hironori Izawa
- International
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Akira Shigenaga
- Institute
of Health Biosciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, 1-78-1 Shoumachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Otaka
- Institute
of Health Biosciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, 1-78-1 Shoumachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Saito
- Institute
of Health Biosciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, 1-78-1 Shoumachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kohsaku Kawakami
- International
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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