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Liu J, Shao Y, Feng X, Otie V, Matsuura A, Irshad M, Zheng Y, An P. Cell Wall Components and Extensibility Regulate Root Growth in Suaeda salsa and Spinacia oleracea under Salinity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11070900. [PMID: 35406880 PMCID: PMC9002714 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the role of root cell walls in the mechanism of plant tolerance to salinity requires elucidation of the changes caused by salinity in the interactions between the mechanical properties of the cell walls and root growth, and between the chemical composition of the cell walls and root growth. Here, we investigated cell wall composition and extensibility of roots by growing a halophyte (Suaeda salsa) and a glycophyte (Spinacia oleracea) species under an NaCl concentration gradient. Root growth was inhibited by increased salinity in both species. However, root growth was more strongly reduced in S. oleracea than in S. salsa. Salinity reduced cell wall extensibility in S. oleracea significantly, whereas treatment with up to 200 mM NaCl increased it in S. salsa. Meanwhile, S. salsa root cell walls exhibited relatively high cell wall stiffness under 300 mM NaCl treatment, which resist wall deformation under such stress conditions. There was no decrease in pectin content with salinity treatment in the cell walls of the elongation zone of S. salsa roots. Conversely, a decrease in pectin content was noted with increasing salinity in S. oleracea, which might be due to Na+ accumulation. Cellulose content and uronic acid proportions in pectin increased with salinity in both species. Our results suggest that (1) cell wall pectin plays important roles in cell wall extension in both species under salinity, and that the salt tolerance of glycophyte S. oleracea is affected by the pectin; (2) cellulose limits root elongation under saline conditions in both species, but in halophytes, a high cell wall content and the proportion of cellulose in cell walls may be a salt tolerance mechanism that protects the stability of cell structure under salt stress; and (3) the role of the cell wall in root growth under salinity is more prominent in the glycophyte than in the halophyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390, Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan;
| | - Yang Shao
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Xiaohui Feng
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 A Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Victoria Otie
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management, University of Calabar, Calabar P.M.B. 1115, Nigeria;
| | - Asana Matsuura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304, Minamiminowa-Village, Kamiina-County, Nagano 399-4598, Japan;
| | - Muhammad Irshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Abbottabad Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan;
| | - Yuanrun Zheng
- Laboratory of Resource Plants, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;
| | - Ping An
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390, Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-857-217035
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Song G, Lancelon-Pin C, Chen P, Yu J, Zhang J, Su L, Wada M, Kimura T, Nishiyama Y. Time-Dependent Elastic Tensor of Cellulose Nanocrystal Probed by Hydrostatic Pressure and Uniaxial Stretching. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3779-3785. [PMID: 33856221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The elastic properties of crystals are fundamental for structural material. However, in the absence of macroscopic single crystals, the experimental determination of the elastic tensor is challenging because the measurement depends on the transmission of stress inside the material. To avoid arbitrary hypotheses about stress transfer, we combine hydrostatic pressure and uniaxial-stretching experiments to investigate the elastic properties of cellulose Iβ. Three orthogonal compressibilities are 50.0, 6.6, and 1.71 TPa-1. Combining Poisson's ratios from a uniaxial stretching experiment directly gives the Young's modulus along the chain direction (E33). However, Poisson's ratio depends on the deformation rate leading to apparent modulus E33 = 113 GPa using a slow cycle (hours) and 161 GPa using a fast cycle (minutes). The lattice deformation along the chain is not time-dependent, so the off-diagonal elements are time-dependent on the scale of minutes to hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjie Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | | | - Pan Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Cellulose and its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lei Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Masahisa Wada
- Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tsunehisa Kimura
- Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Fukui University of Technology, 3-6-1 Gakuen, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
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Poly(bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate)/Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposites: Preparation, Characterization and Application as Polymer Electrolyte Membranes. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8071145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of bacterial cellulose (BC) as a substrate for the design of bio-based ion exchange membranes with an excellent combination of conductive and mechanical properties for application in devices entailing functional ion conducting elements. In this context, the present study aims at fabricating polyelectrolyte nanocomposite membranes based on poly(bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate) [P(bisMEP)] and BC via the in-situ free radical polymerization of bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate (bisMEP) inside the BC three-dimensional network under eco-friendly reaction conditions. The resulting polyelectrolyte nanocomposites exhibit thermal stability up to 200 °C, good mechanical performance (Young’s modulus > 2 GPa), water-uptake ability (79–155%) and ion exchange capacity ([H+] = 1.1–3.0 mmol g−1). Furthermore, a maximum protonic conductivity of ca. 0.03 S cm−1 was observed for the membrane with P(bisMEP)/BC of 1:1 in weight, at 80 °C and 98% relative humidity. The use of a bifunctional monomer that obviates the need of using a cross-linker to retain the polyelectrolyte inside the BC network is the main contribution of this study, thus opening alternative routes for the development of bio-based polyelectrolyte membranes for application in e.g., fuel cells and other devices based on proton separators.
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Yin J, Yuan T, Lu Y, Song K, Li H, Zhao G, Yin Y. Effect of compression combined with steam treatment on the porosity, chemical compositon and cellulose crystalline structure of wood cell walls. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 155:163-172. [PMID: 27702500 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The changes of porosity, chemical composition and cellulose crystalline structure of Spruce (Picea abies Karst.) wood cell walls due to compression combined with steam treatment (CS-treatment) were investigated by nitrogen adsorption, confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. A number of slit-shaped mesopores with a diameter of 3.7nm was formed for the CS-treated wood, and more mesopores were found in the steam-treated wood. CRM results revealed cellulose structure was affected by treatment and β-aryl-ether links associated to guaiacyl units of lignin was depolymerized followed by re-condensation reactions. The crystallinity index (CrI) and crystallite thickness (D200) of cellulose for CS-treated wood were largely increased due to crystallization in the semicrystalline region. Higher degree of increase in both CrI and D200 was observed in both the earlywood and latewood of steam-treated wood, ascribing to the greater amount of mesopores in steam-treated wood than CS-treated wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Yin
- Department of Wood Anatomy and Utilization, Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Tongqi Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Wood Anatomy and Utilization, Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Kunlin Song
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Hanyin Li
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guangjie Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yafang Yin
- Department of Wood Anatomy and Utilization, Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
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Tanpichai S, Quero F, Nogi M, Yano H, Young RJ, Lindström T, Sampson WW, Eichhorn SJ. Effective Young’s Modulus of Bacterial and Microfibrillated Cellulose Fibrils in Fibrous Networks. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:1340-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300042t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Supachok Tanpichai
- Materials Science Centre, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Grosvenor
Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- The Northwest Composite Centre, University of Manchester, Paper Science Building, Sackville
Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Franck Quero
- Materials Science Centre, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Grosvenor
Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- The Northwest Composite Centre, University of Manchester, Paper Science Building, Sackville
Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Masaya Nogi
- The Institute of Scientific
and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yano
- Research Institute
for the Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-011, Japan
| | - Robert J. Young
- Materials Science Centre, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Grosvenor
Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- The Northwest Composite Centre, University of Manchester, Paper Science Building, Sackville
Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | | | - William W. Sampson
- Materials Science Centre, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Grosvenor
Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- The Northwest Composite Centre, University of Manchester, Paper Science Building, Sackville
Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Eichhorn
- Materials Science Centre, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Grosvenor
Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- The Northwest Composite Centre, University of Manchester, Paper Science Building, Sackville
Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Zabler S, Paris O, Burgert I, Fratzl P. Moisture changes in the plant cell wall force cellulose crystallites to deform. J Struct Biol 2010; 171:133-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Diddens I, Murphy B, Krisch M, Müller M. Anisotropic Elastic Properties of Cellulose Measured Using Inelastic X-ray Scattering. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801796u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imke Diddens
- Institut für Experimentelle and Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Bridget Murphy
- Institut für Experimentelle and Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Michael Krisch
- Institut für Experimentelle and Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Martin Müller
- Institut für Experimentelle and Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
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