1
|
Casella G, Carlotto S, Lanero F, Mozzon M, Sgarbossa P, Bertani R. Cyclo- and Polyphosphazenes for Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:8117. [PMID: 36500209 PMCID: PMC9736570 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic and polyphosphazenes are extremely interesting and versatile substrates characterized by the presence of -P=N- repeating units. The chlorine atoms on the P atoms in the starting materials can be easily substituted with a variety of organic substituents, thus giving rise to a huge number of new materials for industrial applications. Their properties can be designed considering the number of repetitive units and the nature of the substituent groups, opening up to a number of peculiar properties, including the ability to give rise to supramolecular arrangements. We focused our attention on the extensive scientific literature concerning their biomedical applications: as antimicrobial agents in drug delivery, as immunoadjuvants in tissue engineering, in innovative anticancer therapies, and treatments for cardiovascular diseases. The promising perspectives for their biomedical use rise from the opportunity to combine the benefits of the inorganic backbone and the wide variety of organic side groups that can lead to the formation of nanoparticles, polymersomes, or scaffolds for cell proliferation. In this review, some aspects of the preparation of phosphazene-based systems and their characterization, together with some of the most relevant chemical strategies to obtain biomaterials, have been described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Girolamo Casella
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 22, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvia Carlotto
- Department of Chemical Sciences (DiSC), University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemical Sciences (DiSC), University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Lanero
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mirto Mozzon
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Sgarbossa
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Bertani
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dagdag O, El Gouri M, Safi ZS, Wazzan N, Safi SK, Jodeh S, Hamed O, Haldhar R, Verma C, Ebenso EE. Flame retardancy of an intumescent epoxy resin containing cyclotriphosphazene: experimental, computational and statistical studies. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-021-00967-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
3
|
Dagdag O, Bachiri AE, Hamed O, Haldhar R, Verma C, Ebenso E, Gouri ME. Dendrimeric Epoxy Resins Based on Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene as a Reactive Flame Retardant Polymeric Materials: A Review. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-01900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
4
|
Hsu W, Csaba N, Alexander C, Garcia‐Fuentes M. Polyphosphazenes for the delivery of biopharmaceuticals. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Hsin Hsu
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS)Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation School of PharmacyUniversity of Nottingham UK
| | - Noemi Csaba
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS)Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cameron Alexander
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation School of PharmacyUniversity of Nottingham UK
| | - Marcos Garcia‐Fuentes
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS)Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Preparation and characterization of antibacterial polyamine-based cyclophosphazene nanofiltration membranes. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
6
|
Ogueri KS, Allcock HR, Laurencin CT. Generational Biodegradable and Regenerative Polyphosphazene Polymers and their Blends with Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid). Prog Polym Sci 2019; 98:101146. [PMID: 31551636 PMCID: PMC6758934 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
New fields such as regenerative engineering have driven the design of advanced biomaterials with a wide range of properties. Regenerative engineering is a multidisciplinary approach that integrates the fields of advanced materials science and engineering, stem cell science, physics, developmental biology, and clinical translation for the regeneration of complex tissues. The complexity and demands of this innovative approach have motivated the synthesis of new polymeric materials that can be customized to meet application-specific needs. Polyphosphazene polymers represent this fundamental change and are gaining renewed interest as biomaterials due to their outstanding synthetic flexibility, neutral bioactivity (buffering degradation products), and tunable properties across the range. Polyphosphazenes are a unique class of polymers composed of an inorganic backbone with alternating phosphorus and nitrogen atoms. Each phosphorus atom bears two substituents, with a wide variety of side groups available for property optimization. Polyphosphazenes have been investigated as potential biomaterials for regenerative engineering. Polyphosphazenes for use in regenerative applications have evolved as a class to include different generations of degradable polymers. The first generation of polyphosphazenes for tissue regeneration entailed the use of hydrolytically active side groups such as imidazole, lactate, glycolate, glucosyl, or glyceryl groups. These side groups were selected based on their ability to sensitize the polymer backbone to hydrolysis, which allowed them to break down into non-toxic small molecules that could be metabolized or excreted. The second generation of degradable polyphosphazenes developed consisted of polymers with amino acid ester side groups. When blended with poly (lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), the feasibility of neutralizing acidic degradation products of PLGA was demonstrated. The blends formed were mostly partially miscible. The desire to improve miscibility led to the design of the third generation of degradable polyphosphazenes by incorporating dipeptide side groups which impart significant hydrogen bonding capability to the polymer for the formation of completely miscible polyphosphazene-PLGA blends. Blend system of the dipeptide-based polyphosphazene and PLGA exhibit a unique degradation behavior that allows the formation of interconnected porous structures upon degradation. These inherent pore-forming properties have distinguished degradable polyphosphazenes as a potentially important class of biomaterials for further study. The design considerations and strategies for the different generations of degradable polyphosphazenes and future directions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S. Ogueri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Harry R. Allcock
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Cato T. Laurencin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khan RU, Wang L, Yu H, Zain-ul-Abdin, Akram M, Wu J, Haroon M, Ullah RS, Deng Z, Xia X. Recent progress in the synthesis of poly(organo)phosphazenes and their applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
8
|
Ogueri KS, Escobar Ivirico JL, Nair LS, Allcock HR, Laurencin CT. Biodegradable Polyphosphazene-Based Blends for Regenerative Engineering. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 3:15-31. [PMID: 28596987 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-016-0022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of musculoskeletal tissue injury or disease and the subsequent functional impairment is at an alarming rate. It continues to be one of the most challenging problems in the human health care. Regenerative engineering offers a promising transdisciplinary strategy for tissues regeneration based on the convergence of tissue engineering, advanced materials science, stem cell science, developmental biology and clinical translation. Biomaterials are emerging as extracellular-mimicking matrices designed to provide instructive cues to control cell behavior and ultimately, be applied as therapies to regenerate damaged tissues. Biodegradable polymers constitute an attractive class of biomaterials for the development of scaffolds due to their flexibility in chemistry and the ability to be excreted or resorbed by the body. Herein, the focus will be on biodegradable polyphosphazene-based blend systems. The synthetic flexibility of polyphosphazene, combined with the unique inorganic backbone, has provided a springboard for more research and subsequent development of numerous novel materials that are capable of forming miscible blends with poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLAGA). Laurencin and co-workers has demonstrated the exploitation of the synthetic flexibility of Polyphosphazene that will allow the design of novel polymers, which can form miscible blends with PLAGA for biomedical applications. These novel blends, due to their well-tuned biodegradability, and mechanical and biological properties coupled with the buffering capacity of the degradation products, constitute ideal materials for regeneration of various musculoskeletal tissues. LAY SUMMARY Regenerative engineering aims to regenerate complex tissues to address the clinical challenge of organ damage. Tissue engineering has largely focused on the restoration and repair of individual tissues and organs, but over the past 25 years, scientific, engineering, and medical advances have led to the introduction of this new approach which involves the regeneration of complex tissues and biological systems such as a knee or a whole limb. While a number of excellent advanced biomaterials have been developed, the choice of biomaterials, however, has increased over the past years to include polymers that can be designed with a range of mechanical properties, degradation rates, and chemical functionality. The polyphosphazenes are one good example. Their chemical versatility and hydrogen bonding capability encourages blending with other biologically relevant polymers. The further development of Polyphosphazene-based blends will present a wide spectrum of advanced biomaterials that can be used as scaffolds for regenerative engineering and as well as other biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Ogueri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jorge L Escobar Ivirico
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Lakshmi S Nair
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Harry R Allcock
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou L, Zhang G, Li J, Zhao L, Zhang X, Wei X. Synthesis and characterization of polyphenylaminophosphazene and fluorinated polyarylaminophosphazene. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space (Ministry of Education); Department of Applied Chemistry; College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Guangcheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space (Ministry of Education); Department of Applied Chemistry; College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space (Ministry of Education); Department of Applied Chemistry; College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Long Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space (Ministry of Education); Department of Applied Chemistry; College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space (Ministry of Education); Department of Applied Chemistry; College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space (Ministry of Education); Department of Applied Chemistry; College of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xi'an 710129 China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Krishnadevi K, Selvaraj V, Prasanna D. Thermal, mechanical and antibacterial properties of cyclophosphazene incorporated benzoxazine blended bismaleimide composites. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10564h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphazene is incorporated in to Bz–Bmi composites in order to improve the thermal, mechanical, electrical resistance and antibacterial properties of CP–Bz–Bmi composite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Krishnadevi
- Department of Chemistry
- University College of Engineering-Villupuram (A Constituent College of Anna University, Chennai)
- Villupuram-605 103
- India
| | - Vaithilingam Selvaraj
- Department of Chemistry
- University College of Engineering-Villupuram (A Constituent College of Anna University, Chennai)
- Villupuram-605 103
- India
| | - Dakshinamoorthy Prasanna
- Department of Chemistry
- University College of Engineering-Villupuram (A Constituent College of Anna University, Chennai)
- Villupuram-605 103
- India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen C, Xu H, Qian YC, Huang XJ. Glycosylation of polyphosphazenes by thiol-yne click chemistry for lectin recognition. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14012e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong carbohydrate–lectin binding interactions in biological systems can be mimicked through the synthesis of glucose containing macromolecules, particularly glycosylated polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Huang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Yue-Cheng Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Synthesis and self-assembly of amphiphilic polyphosphazene with controllable composition via two step thiol-ene click reaction. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
13
|
Hu L, Zhang A, Liu K, Lei S, Ou G, Cheng X. A facile method to prepare composite and porous polyphosphazene membranes and investigation of their properties. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05612d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphosphazene/SiO2 composite membranes and porous polyphosphazene membranes were prepared and their properties were studied in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- South-central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Aiqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- South-central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- South-central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Shan Lei
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- South-central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Guangxin Ou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- South-central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xinjian Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- South-central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Qian YC, Ren N, Huang XJ, Chen C, Yu AG, Xu ZK. Glycosylation of Polyphosphazene Nanofibrous Membrane by Click Chemistry for Protein Recognition. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
15
|
Ren N, Huang XJ, Huang X, Qian YC, Wang C, Xu ZK. Controllable glycosylation of polyphosphazene via radical thiol-yne click chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
16
|
|
17
|
Huang X, Huang XJ, Yu AG, Wang C, Dai ZW, Xu ZK. “Click Chemistry” as a Facile Approach to the Synthesis of Polyphosphazene Glycopolymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
18
|
Keim T, Gall K. Synthesis, characterization, and cyclic stress-influenced degradation of a poly(ethylene glycol)-based poly(beta-amino ester). J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 92:702-11. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
19
|
Bi Y, Yin Y, Huang R, Li Y. Synthesis, characterization, in vitro
degradation and cytotoxicity of polyphosphazenes containing N
-ethoxypyrrolidone side groups. POLYM INT 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
20
|
Vorontsov II, Tur DR, Papkov VS, Antipin MY. X-ray crystal structures and DFT calculations of differently charged aminocyclophosphazenes. J Mol Struct 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
21
|
Synthesis, characterization, thermal properties and flame retardancy of a novel nonflammable phosphazene-based epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
22
|
Place ES, George JH, Williams CK, Stevens MM. Synthetic polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:1139-51. [DOI: 10.1039/b811392k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 582] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
23
|
Zhang X, Huang X, Tang X. A facile route to synthesis of magnetic phosphazene-containing polymer nanotubes at room temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b821311a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
24
|
Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds: Part 15. Synthesis, anisochronism and the relationship between crystallographic and spectral data of monotopic spiro-crypta phosphazenes. J CHEM SCI 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-008-0060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
25
|
Heyde M, Claeyssens M, Schacht EH. Interaction between Proteins and Polyphosphazene Derivatives Having a Galactose Moiety. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:672-7. [DOI: 10.1021/bm7010278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Heyde
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium, and Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and Microbiology, Gent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Claeyssens
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium, and Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and Microbiology, Gent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Etienne H. Schacht
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium, and Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and Microbiology, Gent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
|