1
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Wang M, Mequanint K. Preparation and Microscopic Mechanical Characterization of L-Methionine-Based Polyphosphazene Fibrous Mats for Vascular Tissue Engineering. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2546. [PMID: 38004526 PMCID: PMC10674633 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the mechanical properties, degradation behavior, and biocompatibility of poly[(α-amino acid ester) phosphazene] electrospun fibers based on the ethyl ester of L-methionine (PαAPz-M), a material with potential applications in tissue engineering. We utilized atomic force microscopy (AFM) to evaluate the fiber mechanical characteristics and calculate its Young's modulus, revealing it to closely mimic the stiffness of a natural extracellular matrix (ECM). We also studied the degradation behavior of PαAPz-M scaffolds over 21 days, showing that they maintain the highly porous structure required for tissue engineering. Further evaluation of mesenchymal multipotent 10T1/2 cell and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) behavior on the scaffolds demonstrated significant cell viability, proliferation, and successful MSC differentiation into smooth muscle cells. Expression of collagen and elastin by MSCs on the fiber mats highlighted potential ECM formation during scaffold degradation, confirming PαAPz-M as a promising material for vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kibret Mequanint
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada;
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2
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Kwan JC, Flannagan RS, Vásquez Peña M, Heinrichs DE, Holdsworth DW, Gillies ER. Induction Heating Triggers Antibiotic Release and Synergistic Bacterial Killing on Polymer-Coated Titanium Surfaces. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202807. [PMID: 37053473 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Infection is a major complication associated with orthopedic implants. It often involves the development of biofilms on metal substrates, which act as barriers to the host's immune system and systemic antibiotic treatment. The current standard of treatment is revision surgery, often involving the delivery of antibiotics through incorporation into bone cements. However, these materials exhibit sub-optimal antibiotic release kinetics and revision surgeries have drawbacks of high cost and recovery time. Herein, a new approach is presented using induction heating of a metal substrate, combined with an antibiotic-loaded poly(ester amide) coating undergoing a glass transition just above physiological temperature to enable thermally triggered antibiotic release. At normal physiological temperature, the coating provides a rifampicin depot for >100 days, while heating of the coating accelerates drug release, with >20% release over a 1-h induction heating cycle. Induction heating or antibiotic-loaded coating alone each reduce Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) viability and biofilm formation on Ti, but the combination causes synergistic killing of S. aureus as measured by crystal violet staining, determination of bacterial viability (>99.9% reduction), and fluorescence microscopy of bacteria on surfaces. Overall, these materials provide a promising platform enabling externally triggered antibiotic release to prevent and/or treat bacterial colonization of implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan C Kwan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, The Sandy Kirkley Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University Hospital B6-200, London, Ontario, N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Ronald S Flannagan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Mónica Vásquez Peña
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, The Sandy Kirkley Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University Hospital B6-200, London, Ontario, N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - David E Heinrichs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - David W Holdsworth
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, The Sandy Kirkley Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University Hospital B6-200, London, Ontario, N6G 2V4, Canada
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 2B8, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R Gillies
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, The Sandy Kirkley Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University Hospital B6-200, London, Ontario, N6G 2V4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
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3
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Abstract
Biodegradable and biocompatible biomaterials have offered much more opportunities from an engineering standpoint for treating diseases and maintaining health. Poly(ester amide)s (PEAs), as an outstanding family among such biomaterials, have risen overwhelmingly in the past decades. These synthetic polymers have easily and widely available raw materials and a diversity of synthetic approaches, which have attracted considerable attention. More importantly, combining the superiorities of polyamides and polyesters, PEAs have emerged with better functions. They could have improved biodegradability, biocompatibility, and cell-material interactions. The PEAs derived from α-amino acids even allow the introduction of pendant sites for further modification or functionalization. Meanwhile, it is gradually recognized that the chemical structures are closely related to the physiochemical and biological properties of PEAs so that their properties can be precisely controlled. PEAs therefore become significant materials in the biomedical fields. This review will attempt to summarize the recent progress in the development of PEAs with respect to the preparation materials and methods, structure-property relationships along with their latest biomedical accomplishments, especially for drug delivery and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518057, People's Republic of China
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4
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Preparation of Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Poly(ester amide) Electrospun Membranes for Vascular Repair. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-1480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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5
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Aslankoohi N, Lin S, Mequanint K. Bioactive fluorescent hybrid microparticles as a stand-alone osteogenic differentiation inducer. Mater Today Bio 2022; 13:100187. [PMID: 34977526 PMCID: PMC8683730 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenic differentiation of stem cells is one of the essential steps in bone regeneration. While supplementing exogenous factors using differentiation media is the established method to differentiate stem cells into osteoblasts on biomaterials, designing biomaterials that can act as a stand-alone differentiation inducer and promote bone regeneration is preferred for clinical translation. In this work, we report dexamethasone-loaded organic-inorganic hybrid microparticles synthesized from an intrinsically fluorescent poly (ester amide) and tertiary bioactive glass (PEA-BG) as a stand-alone osteogenic differentiation inducer. The mechanical properties data indicated that the compressive modulus of fluorescent hybrid microparticles could be modulated by its composition. The hybrid fluorescent microparticles supported the adhesion and proliferation of 10T1/2 cells in culture for up to seven days. Both pristine and dexamethasone-loaded PEA-BG microparticles were able to induce osteogenic differentiation of 10T1/2 cells in the absence of any media supplement, to a level even higher than standard osteogenic media, as evidenced by the expression of osteogenic markers on gene and protein levels and matrix mineralization. Taken together, the fluorescent PEA-BG hybrid microparticles have the potential to be used as a stand-alone biomaterial for osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Aslankoohi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Shigang Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Kibret Mequanint
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
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6
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Aslankoohi N, Mequanint K. Intrinsically fluorescent bioactive glass-poly(ester amide) hybrid microparticles for dual drug delivery and bone repair. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112288. [PMID: 34474839 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The bone extracellular matrix (ECM) is a composite scaffold having inorganic hydroxyapatite and organic collagen fibers. Synthetic bone repair scaffolds that mimic the chemical composition of the native ECM and capable of delivering therapeutics are beneficial. In this study, we prepared intrinsically fluorescent organic-inorganic hybrid microparticle biomaterials by sol-gel process. Unlike the conventional Stöber process which requires an alkaline condition for microparticle formation, an acidic condition in the presence of a biodegradable poly(ester amide) (PEA) polymer was used to prepare silica and tertiary bioactive glass hybrids. During their preparation, one or two model drugs were loaded in the microparticles. Our results showed that a gelation temperature between 40 °C-60 °C and the inclusion of PEA were critical for microparticle formation. Unexpectedly, the hybrid microparticles were fluorescent with tunable emission by changing the excitation wavelengths ranging from 300 to 565 nm for potential multiplex imaging. Gene expression studies showed that the hybrid materials induce osteogenic differentiation of 10T1/2 cells without adding exogenous biochemical factors. The bioactivity of the inorganic phase and the dual drug release from homogenous, biodegradable, biocompatible, osteoinductive, and intrinsically fluorescent microparticles may offer a unique platform for bone regeneration and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Aslankoohi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Kibret Mequanint
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada.
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7
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Nikulin M, Švedas V. Prospects of Using Biocatalysis for the Synthesis and Modification of Polymers. Molecules 2021; 26:2750. [PMID: 34067052 PMCID: PMC8124709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trends in the dynamically developing application of biocatalysis for the synthesis and modification of polymers over the past 5 years are considered, with an emphasis on the production of biodegradable, biocompatible and functional polymeric materials oriented to medical applications. The possibilities of using enzymes not only as catalysts for polymerization but also for the preparation of monomers for polymerization or oligomers for block copolymerization are considered. Special attention is paid to the prospects and existing limitations of biocatalytic production of new synthetic biopolymers based on natural compounds and monomers from biomass, which can lead to a huge variety of functional biomaterials. The existing experience and perspectives for the integration of bio- and chemocatalysis in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Nikulin
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1, bldg. 40, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vytas Švedas
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1, bldg. 73, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Research Computing Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1, bldg. 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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8
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Arambula‐Maldonado R, Geraili A, Xing M, Mequanint K. Tissue engineering and regenerative therapeutics: The nexus of chemical engineering and translational medicine. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Armin Geraili
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Kibret Mequanint
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
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9
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Mei X, Villamagna IJ, Nguyen T, Beier F, Appleton CT, Gillies ER. Polymer particles for the intra-articular delivery of drugs to treat osteoarthritis. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 33711838 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abee62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of chronic disability. It is a progressive disease, involving pathological changes to the entire joint, resulting in joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and loss of mobility. There is currently no disease-modifying pharmaceutical treatment for OA, and the treatments that do exist suffer from significant side effects. An increasing understanding of the molecular pathways involved in OA is leading to many potential drug targets. However, both current and new therapies can benefit from a targeted approach that delivers drugs selectively to joints at therapeutic concentrations, while limiting systemic exposure to the drugs. Delivery systems including hydrogels, liposomes, and various types of particles have been explored for intra-articular drug delivery. This review will describe progress over the past several years in the development of polymer-based particles for OA treatment, as well as their in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evaluation. Systems based on biopolymers such as polysaccharides and polypeptides, as well as synthetic polyesters, poly(ester amide)s, thermoresponsive polymers, poly(vinyl alcohol), amphiphilic polymers, and dendrimers will be described. We will discuss the role of particle size, biodegradability, and mechanical properties in the behavior of the particles in the joint, and the challenges to be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, CANADA
| | - Ian J Villamagna
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, CANADA
| | - Tony Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, CANADA
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 3B7, CANADA
| | - C Thomas Appleton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 3B7, CANADA
| | - Elizabeth R Gillies
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, CANADA
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10
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Methods of synthesis, characterization and biomedical applications of biodegradable poly(ester amide)s- A review. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Zhang W, Kantaria T, Zhang Y, Kantaria T, Kobauri S, Tugushi D, Brücher V, Katsarava R, Eter N, Heiduschka P. Biodegradable Nanoparticles Based on Pseudo-Proteins Show Promise as Carriers for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2020; 36:421-432. [PMID: 32639222 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2019.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Drug delivery to treat ocular diseases still is a challenge in ophthalmology. One way to achieve drug delivery that is investigated currently is topical administration of drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) that are able to penetrate ocular barriers. The purpose of this study was optimal preparation of NPs made from pseudo-proteins and evaluation of their ability to penetrate ocular tissues. Methods: Biodegradable NPs of various types were prepared by nanoprecipitation of pseudo-protein composed of l-leucine (L), 1,6-hexanediol (6), and sebacic acid (8) (8L6). Arginine-based cationic polyester amides 8R6 and comb-like polyester amide containing lateral PEG-2000 chains along with 8L6 anchoring fragments in the backbones were used to construct positively charged and PEGylated NPs. They were loaded with fluorescein diacetate (FDA) or rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) as fluorescent probes. Suspensions of the NPs were given to cultivated microglial cells and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells as well as topically on eyes of C57BL/6 mice. Penetration of NPs into the eyes was checked by fluorescence analysis. Results: NPs were prepared, and their properties were characterized. Cultured microglial cells and RPE cells took up the NPs. After topical administration, penetration of NPs into the cornea of the eyes was clearly seen. Small amounts of fluorescent dyes were also found in the lens, the retina, and the sclera depending on the type of NPs. Conclusions: The results showed that the new NPs penetrate ocular tissues after topical administration and are internalized by the cells. This raises confidence that the NPs may be useful carriers of therapeutic agents for ocular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Zhang
- Research Lab of the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Münster Medical School, Münster, Germany
| | - Temur Kantaria
- Institute of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Yahan Zhang
- Research Lab of the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Münster Medical School, Münster, Germany
| | - Tengiz Kantaria
- Institute of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Sophio Kobauri
- Institute of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - David Tugushi
- Institute of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Viktoria Brücher
- Research Lab of the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Münster Medical School, Münster, Germany
| | - Ramaz Katsarava
- Institute of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Agricultural University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nicole Eter
- Research Lab of the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Münster Medical School, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Heiduschka
- Research Lab of the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Münster Medical School, Münster, Germany
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12
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Aslankoohi N, Mequanint K. Poly(ester amide)–Bioactive Glass Hybrid Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration and Biomolecule Delivery. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3621-3630. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Aslankoohi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Kibret Mequanint
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
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13
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Synthesis, characterization and hydrolytic degradation of novel biodegradable poly(ester amide)s derived from Isosorbide and α-amino acids. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-2021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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14
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Villamagna IJ, McRae DM, Borecki A, Mei X, Lagugné-Labarthet F, Beier F, Gillies ER. GSK3787-Loaded Poly(Ester Amide) Particles for Intra-Articular Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E736. [PMID: 32224867 PMCID: PMC7240550 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating joint disorder affecting more than 240 million people. There is no disease modifying therapeutic, and drugs that are used to alleviate OA symptoms result in side effects. Recent research indicates that inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) in cartilage may attenuate the development or progression of OA. PPARδ antagonists such as GSK3787 exist, but would benefit from delivery to joints to avoid side effects. Described here is the loading of GSK3787 into poly(ester amide) (PEA) particles. The particles contained 8 wt.% drug and had mean diameters of about 600 nm. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated the drug was in crystalline domains in the particles. Atomic force microscopy was used to measure the Young's moduli of individual particles as 2.8 MPa. In vitro drug release studies showed 11% GSK3787 was released over 30 days. Studies in immature murine articular cartilage (IMAC) cells indicated low toxicity from the drug, empty particles, and drug-loaded particles and that the particles were not taken up by the cells. Ex vivo studies on murine joints showed that the particles could be injected into the joint space and resided there for at least 7 days. Overall, these results indicate that GSK3787-loaded PEA particles warrant further investigation as a delivery system for potential OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. Villamagna
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada;
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada; (F.L.-L.); (F.B.)
| | - Danielle M. McRae
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; (D.M.M.); (A.B.); (X.M.)
| | - Aneta Borecki
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; (D.M.M.); (A.B.); (X.M.)
| | - Xueli Mei
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; (D.M.M.); (A.B.); (X.M.)
| | - François Lagugné-Labarthet
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada; (F.L.-L.); (F.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; (D.M.M.); (A.B.); (X.M.)
| | - Frank Beier
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada; (F.L.-L.); (F.B.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3B7, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada;
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada; (F.L.-L.); (F.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; (D.M.M.); (A.B.); (X.M.)
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
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15
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Zavradashvili N, Puiggali J, Katsarava R. Artificial Polymers made of α-amino Acids - Poly(Amino Acid)s, Pseudo-Poly(Amino Acid)s, Poly(Depsipeptide)s, and Pseudo-Proteins. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:566-593. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200203122110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Degradable polymers (DPs) - “green materials” of the future, have an innumerable use in biomedicine,
particularly in the fields of tissue engineering and drug delivery. Among these kind of materials naturally occurring
polymers - proteins which constituted one of the most important “bricks of life” - α-amino acids (AAs) are
highly suitable. A wide biomedical applicability of proteins is due to special properties such as a high affinity
with tissues and releasing AAs upon biodegradation that means a nutritive potential for cells. Along with these
positive characteristics proteins as biomedical materials they have some shortcomings, such as batch-to-batch
variation, risk of disease transmission, and immune rejection. The last limitation is connected with the molecular
architecture of proteins. Furthermore, the content of only peptide bonds in protein molecules significantly restricts
their material properties. Artificial polymers with the composition of AAs are by far more promising as degradable
biomaterials since they are free from the limitations of proteins retaining at the same time their positive
features - a high tissue compatibility and nutritive potential. The present review deals with a brief description of
different families of AA-based artificial polymers, such as poly(amino acid)s, pseudo-poly(amino acid)s, polydepsipeptides,
and pseudo-proteins - relatively new and broad family of artificial AA-based DPs. Most of these
polymers have a different macromolecular architecture than proteins and contain various types of chemical links
along with NH-CO bonds that substantially expands properties of materials destined for sophisticated biomedical
applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Zavradashvili
- Institute of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Agricultural University of Georgia, Kakha Bendukidze University Campus, # 240 David Aghmashenebeli Alley, Tbilisi 0131, Georgia
| | - Jordi Puiggali
- Departament d’Enginyeria Quimica, EEBE, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Edifici I.2, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Ramaz Katsarava
- Institute of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Agricultural University of Georgia, Kakha Bendukidze University Campus, # 240 David Aghmashenebeli Alley, Tbilisi 0131, Georgia
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16
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Cui N, Han K, Li M, Wang J, Qian J. Pure polylysine-based foamy scaffolds and their interaction with MC3T3-E1 cells and osteogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 15:025004. [PMID: 31778985 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab5cfc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polypeptide-derived copolymers have widely been exploited for drug/gene delivery due to their pendant functional groups and non-toxic degradation products. However, fabrication of polypeptide-based scaffolds for tissue engineering has seldom been reported. In this study, foamy poly(N ε -benzyl formateoxycarbonyl-L-Lysine) (PZL) and poly(N ε -benzyl formateoxycarbonyl-L-lysine-co-L-phenylalanine) (PZLP) scaffolds were successfully prepared by a combination of ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride and negative porous NaCl templating approach. The physicochemical properties of these scaffolds including glass transition temperature, contact angle, compression modulus and degradation behavior were characterized. Both in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of the scaffolds were evaluated by MC3T3-E1 cell culture and SD subcutaneous model, respectively. The results from live-dead staining, MTT and ALP activity assays indicated that PZL scaffolds were more conducive to the adhesion, proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells compared to PZLP scaffolds in the initial culture period due to their specific surface properties. While porous structure rather than surface properties of scaffolds played a decisive role in the later stage of cell culture. The results of in vivo studies including H&E, Masson's trichrome and CD34 staining further demonstrated that PZL scaffolds supported the ingrowth of microvessels than PZLP scaffolds due to their surface property difference. Collectively, PZL scaffolds displayed good biocompatibility and could be a promising candidate for tissue engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cui
- Key Laboratory of Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, People's Republic of China. State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
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17
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Kiros S, Lin S, Xing M, Mequanint K. Embryonic Mesenchymal Multipotent Cell Differentiation on Electrospun Biodegradable Poly(ester amide) Scaffolds for Model Vascular Tissue Fabrication. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 48:980-991. [PMID: 31062257 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular differentiation of stem cells and matrix component production on electrospun tubular scaffolds is desirable to engineer blood vessels. The mouse embryonic multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cell line (10T1/2) provides an excellent tool for tissue engineering since it shares similar differentiation characteristics with mesenchymal stem cells. Although 10T1/2 cells have been widely studied in the context of skeletal tissue engineering, their differentiation to smooth muscle lineage is less known. In this study, we fabricated tubular electrospun poly(ester amide) (PEA) fibers from L-phenylalanine-derived biodegradable biomaterials and investigated cell-scaffold interactions as well as their differentiation into vascular smooth muscle cell and subsequent elastin expression. PEA scaffolds fabricated under different collector speeds did not have an impact on the fiber directionality/orientation. 10T1/2 cytocompatibility and proliferation studies showed that PEA fibres were not cytotoxic and were able to support proliferation for 14 days. Furthermore, cells were observed infiltrating the fibrous scaffolds despite the small pore sizes (~ 5 µm). Vascular differentiation studies of 10T1/2 cells using qPCR, Western blot, and immunostaining showed a TGFβ1-induced upregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-specific markers smooth muscle alpha-actin (SM-α-actin) and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC). Differentiated 10T1/2 cells produced both elastin and fibrillin-1 suggesting the potential of fibrous PEA scaffolds to fabricate model vascular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kiros
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Shigang Lin
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, 66 Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Kibret Mequanint
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada. .,Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9, Canada.
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18
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Stone H, Lin S, Mequanint K. Preparation and characterization of electrospun rGO-poly(ester amide) conductive scaffolds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 98:324-332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Said SS, Yin H, Elfarnawany M, Nong Z, O'Neil C, Leong H, Lacefield JC, Mequanint K, Pickering JG. Fortifying Angiogenesis in Ischemic Muscle with FGF9-Loaded Electrospun Poly(Ester Amide) Fibers. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801294. [PMID: 30785239 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of angiogenic growth factors lessens ischemia in preclinical models but has demonstrated little benefit in patients with peripheral vascular disease. Augmenting the wrapping of nascent microvessels by mural cells constitutes an alternative strategy to regenerating a functional microvasculature, particularly if integrated with a sustained delivery platform. Herein, electrospun poly(ester amide) (PEA) nanofiber mats are fabricated for delivering a mural cell-targeting factor, fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9). Proof-of-principle is established by placing FGF9/FGF2-loaded PEA fiber mats on the chick chorioallantoic membrane and identifying enhanced angiogenesis by 3D power Doppler micro-ultrasound imaging. To assess the delivery system in ischemic muscle, FGF9-loaded PEA fiber mats are implanted onto the surface of the tibialis anterior muscle of mice with hindlimb ischemia. The system supplies FGF9 into the tibialis anterior muscle and yields a neo-microvascular network with enhanced mural cell coverage up to 28 days after injury. The regenerating muscle that receives FGF9 display near-normal sized myofibers and reduced interstitial fibrosis. Moreover, the mice demonstrate improved locomotion. These findings of locally released FGF9 from PEA nanofibers raise prospects for a microvascular remodeling approach to improve muscle health in peripheral vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somiraa S. Said
- School of Biomedical EngineeringWestern University London Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Hao Yin
- Robarts Research InstituteWestern University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Mai Elfarnawany
- Department of OtolaryngologyWestern University London Ontario N6A 5W9 Canada
| | - Zengxuan Nong
- Robarts Research InstituteWestern University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Caroline O'Neil
- Robarts Research InstituteWestern University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Hon Leong
- Department of Surgery (Urology)Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryWestern University London Ontario N6A 5C1 Canada
| | - James C. Lacefield
- School of Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Electrical and Computer EngineeringDepartment of Medical BiophysicsWestern University London Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Kibret Mequanint
- School of Biomedical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringWestern University London Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - J. Geoffrey Pickering
- Robarts Research InstituteDepartment of Medicine (Cardiology)Department of BiochemistryDepartment of Medical BiophysicsSchulich School of Medicine and DentistryWestern UniversityLondon Health Sciences Centre 339 Windermere Rd London Ontario N6A 5A5 Canada
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20
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Villamagna IJ, Gordon TN, Hurtig MB, Beier F, Gillies ER. Poly(ester amide) particles for controlled delivery of celecoxib. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:1235-1243. [PMID: 30698325 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Many potential pharmacological treatments for osteoarthritis can result in undesirable side effects due to the systemic administration of drugs, making the direct delivery of drugs to joints an attractive alternative. Poly(ester amide)s (PEAs) have been shown to exhibit promising properties for the development of particle-based intra-articular delivery vehicles. However, a limited range of PEA structures has been investigated. In this study, we prepared and characterized the properties of two different PEA particles composed of l-phenylalanine, sebacic acid, and either 1,4-butanediol or 1,8-octanediol (PBSe and POSe, respectively). The anti-inflammatory drug celecoxib (CXB) was encapsulated into the particles. Despite minor structural differences, PBSe and POSe exhibited different thermal and mechanical properties, and encapsulation of CXB influenced these properties. PBSe-CXB particles provided a slower release of drug in vitro relative to POSe-CXB. Toxicity studies showed that particles without drug exhibited low toxicity to ATDC5 and C2C12 cells, while the PBSe-CXB particles exhibited concentration-dependent toxicity. Host response to the particles was evaluated in an ovine model. No adverse effects were observed following intra-articular injection and it was observed that the particles diffused into the surrounding tissues. This work shows the importance of structural tuning in PEA delivery vehicles and demonstrates their potential for further development. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1235-1243, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Villamagna
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada.,Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Trent N Gordon
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Mark B Hurtig
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Frank Beier
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3B7, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R Gillies
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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21
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Lamas ML, Lima MS, Pinho AC, Tugushi D, Katsarava R, Costa EC, Correia IJ, Serra AC, Coelho JF, Fonseca AC. Towards the development of electrospun mats from poly(ε-caprolactone)/poly(ester amide)s miscible blends. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Biodegradable Nanoparticles Made of Amino-Acid-Based Ester Polymers: Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Biocompatibility Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/app6120444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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23
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Basu A, Kunduru KR, Katzhendler J, Domb AJ. Poly(α-hydroxy acid)s and poly(α-hydroxy acid-co-α-amino acid)s derived from amino acid. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 107:82-96. [PMID: 27527666 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyesters derived from the α-hydroxy acids, lactic acid, and glycolic acid, are the most common biodegradable polymers in clinical use. These polymers have been tailored for a range of applications that require a physical material possessing. The physical and mechanical properties of these polymers fit the specific application and also safely biodegrade. These polymers are hydrophobic and do not possess functional side groups. This does not allow hydrophilic or hydrophobic manipulation, conjugation of active agents along the polymer chain, etc. These manipulations have partly been achieved by block copolymerization with, for example, poly(ethylene glycol), to obtain an amphiphilic copolymer. The objective of this review is to survey PLA functional copolymers in which functional α-hydroxy acids derived from amino acids are introduced along the polymer chain, allowing endless manipulation of PLA. Biodegradable functional polyesters are one of the most versatile biomaterials available to biomedical scientists. Amino acids with their variable side chains are ideal candidates for synthesizing such structural as well as stereochemically diverse polymers. They render control over functionalization, conjugation, crosslinking, stimulus responsiveness, and tunable mechanical/thermal properties. Functionalized amino acid derived polyesters are widely used, mainly due to advancement in ring opening polymerization (primarily O-carboxyanhydride mediated). The reaction proceeds under milder conditions and yields high molecular weight polymers. We reviewed on advances in the synthetic methodologies for poly-α-hydroxy esters derived from amino acids with appropriate recent examples.
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24
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Said SS, O'Neil C, Yin H, Nong Z, Pickering JG, Mequanint K. Concurrent and Sustained Delivery of FGF2 and FGF9 from Electrospun Poly(ester amide) Fibrous Mats for Therapeutic Angiogenesis. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:584-96. [PMID: 26955972 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis has emerged as a potential strategy to treat ischemic vascular diseases. However, systemic or local administration of growth factors is usually inefficient for maintaining the effective concentration at the site of interest due to their rapid clearance or degradation. In this study, we report a differential and sustained release of an angiogenic factor, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), and an arteriogenic factor, fibroblast growth factor-9 (FGF9), from α-amino acid-derived biodegradable poly(ester amide) (PEA) fibers toward targeting neovessel formation and maturation. FGF2 and FGF9 were dual loaded using a mixed blend and emulsion electrospinning technique and exhibited differential and sustained release from PEA fibers over 28 days with preserved bioactivity. In vitro angiogenesis assays showed enhanced endothelial cell (EC) tube formation and directed migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and stabilized EC/SMC tube formation. FGF2/FGF9-loaded PEA fibers did not induce inflammatory responses in vitro using human monocytes or in vivo after their subcutaneous implantation into mice. Histological examination showed that FGF2/FGF9-loaded fibers induced cell niche recruitment around the site of implantation. Furthermore, controlled in vivo delivery of FGF9 to mouse tibialis anterior (TA) muscle resulted in a dose-dependent expansion of mesenchymal progenitor-like cell layers and extracellular matrix deposition. Our data suggest that the release of FGF2 and FGF9 from PEA fibers offers an efficient differential and sustained growth factor delivery strategy with relevance to therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somiraa S Said
- 1 Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada
| | - Caroline O'Neil
- 2 Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada
| | - Hao Yin
- 2 Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada
| | - Zengxuan Nong
- 2 Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada
| | - J Geoffrey Pickering
- 2 Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada .,3 Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada .,4 Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada .,5 Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada
| | - Kibret Mequanint
- 1 Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada .,6 Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada
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25
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Memanishvili T, Kupatadze N, Tugushi D, Katsarava R, Wattananit S, Hara N, Tornero D, Kokaia Z. Generation of cortical neurons from human induced-pluripotent stem cells by biodegradable polymeric microspheres loaded with priming factors. Biomed Mater 2016; 11:025011. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/2/025011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Wong AD, Prinzen AL, Gillies ER. Poly(ester amide)s with pendant azobenzenes: multi-responsive self-immolative moieties for modulating polymer assemblies. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01824b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanoassemblies containing pendant azobenzenes in their cores were prepared. Light-induced trans–cis isomerization of the azobenzenes increased the polarity of the assembly core, while reduction led to assembly degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada N6A 5B9
| | | | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada N6A 5B9
- Department of Chemistry
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27
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Cui N, Qian J, Wang J, Ji C, Xu W, Wang H. Preparation and characterization of foamy poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate-co-l-phenylalanine)/bioglass composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04356a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel foamy scaffolds of poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate) and poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate-co-l-phenylalanine) were fabricated via a combination of a sintered NaCl templating method and ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Junmin Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Jinlei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Chuanlei Ji
- The Orthopaedic Department
- Xi Jing Hospital Affiliated to the Fourth Military Medical University
- Xi'an 710032
- China
| | - Weijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
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28
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Winnacker M, Rieger B. Poly(ester amide)s: recent insights into synthesis, stability and biomedical applications. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01783e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in polyesteramides, which are important polymers that can combine the properties of polyesters and polyamides, is described with a focus on synthesis and their application as biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Winnacker
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Technische Universität München
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Technische Universität München
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
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29
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Caolo V, Vries M, Zupancich J, Houben M, Mihov G, Wagenaar A, Swennen G, Nossent Y, Quax P, Suylen D, Dijkgraaf I, Molin D, Hackeng T, Post M. CXCL1 microspheres: a novel tool to stimulate arteriogenesis. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:2919-2926. [PMID: 26651867 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1120366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT After arterial occlusion, diametrical growth of pre-existing natural bypasses around the obstruction, i.e. arteriogenesis, is the body's main coping mechanism. We have shown before that continuous infusion of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) promotes arteriogenesis in a rodent hind limb ischemia model. OBJECTIVE For clinical translation of these positive results, we developed a new administration strategy of local and sustained delivery. Here, we investigate the therapeutic potential of CXCL1 in a drug delivery system based on microspheres. MATERIALS AND METHODS We generated poly(ester amide) (PEA) microspheres loaded with CXCL1 and evaluated them in vitro for cellular toxicity and chemokine release characteristics. In vivo, murine femoral arteries were ligated and CXCL1 was administered either intra-arterially via osmopump or intramuscularly encapsulated in biodegradable microspheres. Perfusion recovery was measured with Laser-Doppler. RESULTS The developed microspheres were not cytotoxic and displayed a sustained chemokine release up to 28 d in vitro. The amount of released CXCL1 was 100-fold higher than levels in native ligated hind limb. Also, the CXCL1-loaded microspheres significantly enhanced perfusion recovery at day 7 after ligation compared with both saline and non-loaded conditions (55.4 ± 5.0% CXCL1-loaded microspheres versus 43.1 ± 4.5% non-loaded microspheres; n = 8-9; p < 0.05). On day 21 after ligation, the CXCL1-loaded microspheres performed even better than continuous CXCL1 administration (102.1 ± 4.4% CXCL1-loaded microspheres versus 85.7 ± 4.8% CXCL1 osmopump; n = 9; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate a proof of concept that sustained, local delivery of CXCL1 encapsulated in PEA microspheres provides a new tool to stimulate arteriogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Caolo
- a Department of Physiology , CARIM, Maastricht University , The Netherlands
| | - Mark Vries
- a Department of Physiology , CARIM, Maastricht University , The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Allard Wagenaar
- a Department of Physiology , CARIM, Maastricht University , The Netherlands
| | - Geertje Swennen
- a Department of Physiology , CARIM, Maastricht University , The Netherlands
| | - Yaël Nossent
- d Department of Surgery , Leiden University Medical Center , The Netherlands , and
| | - Paul Quax
- d Department of Surgery , Leiden University Medical Center , The Netherlands , and
| | - Dennis Suylen
- e Department of Biochemistry , CARIM, Maastricht University , The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Dijkgraaf
- e Department of Biochemistry , CARIM, Maastricht University , The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Molin
- a Department of Physiology , CARIM, Maastricht University , The Netherlands
| | - Tilman Hackeng
- e Department of Biochemistry , CARIM, Maastricht University , The Netherlands
| | - Mark Post
- a Department of Physiology , CARIM, Maastricht University , The Netherlands
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Moustafa A, Abd Rabo Moustafa MM, Zilinskas GJ, Gillies ER. Covalent drug immobilization in poly(ester amide) nanoparticles for controlled release. CAN J CHEM ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amira Moustafa
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; University of Western Ontario; 1151 Richmond Street London ON N6A 5B9 Canada
| | | | - Gregory J. Zilinskas
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program; University of Western Ontario; 1151 Richmond Street London ON N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; University of Western Ontario; 1151 Richmond Street London ON N6A 5B9 Canada
- Department of Chemistry; University of Western Ontario; 1151 Richmond Street London ON N6A 5B7 Canada
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31
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Soleimani A, Moustafa MMAR, Borecki A, Gillies ER. A comparison of covalent and noncovalent strategies for paclitaxel release using poly(ester amide) graft copolymer micelles. CAN J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Micelles formed from amphiphilic copolymers are promising for the delivery of drug molecules, potentially leading to enhanced properties and efficacies. Critical aspects of these systems include the use of biocompatible, biodegradable polymer backbones as well as the ability to control the incorporation of drugs and their release rates. In this work, a poly(ester amide)–poly(ethylene oxide) graft copolymer with paclitaxel conjugated via ester linkages was prepared and assembled into micelles. For comparison, micelles with physically encapsulated paclitaxel were also prepared. The release rates of these two systems were studied, and the micelles with covalently conjugated paclitaxel exhibited a prolonged release of the drug in comparison to the noncovalent system, which rapidly released the payload. In vitro studies suggested that the poly(ester amide)–poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers were nontoxic, whereas the toxicities of the drug-loaded micelles were dependent on their release rates. Overall, these systems are promising for further development as anticancer drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolrasoul Soleimani
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | | | - Aneta Borecki
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 5B7, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 5B7, Canada
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32
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Ghosal K, Latha MS, Thomas S. Poly(ester amides) (PEAs) – Scaffold for tissue engineering applications. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Poly(ester amide)s based on l-lactic acid oligomers and glycine: the role of the central unit of the l-lactic acid oligomers and their molecular weight in the poly(ester amide)s properties. Polym Bull (Berl) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-014-1239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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34
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Knight DK, Gillies ER, Mequanint K. Biomimetic L-aspartic acid-derived functional poly(ester amide)s for vascular tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3484-96. [PMID: 24769110 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization of polymeric biomaterials permits the conjugation of cell signaling molecules capable of directing cell function. In this study, l-phenylalanine and l-aspartic acid were used to synthesize poly(ester amide)s (PEAs) with pendant carboxylic acid groups through an interfacial polycondensation approach. Human coronary artery smooth muscle cell (HCASMC) attachment, spreading and proliferation was observed on all PEA films. Vinculin expression at the cell periphery suggested that HCASMCs formed focal adhesions on the functional PEAs, while the absence of smooth muscle α-actin (SMαA) expression implied the cells adopted a proliferative phenotype. The PEAs were also electrospun to yield nanoscale three-dimensional (3-D) scaffolds with average fiber diameters ranging from 130 to 294nm. Immunoblotting studies suggested a potential increase in SMαA and calponin expression from HCASMCs cultured on 3-D fibrous scaffolds when compared to 2-D films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and immunofluorescence demonstrated the conjugation of transforming growth factor-β1 to the surface of the functional PEA through the pendant carboxylic acid groups. Taken together, this study demonstrates that PEAs containing aspartic acid are viable biomaterials for further investigation in vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl K Knight
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R Gillies
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada; The Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada; Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Kibret Mequanint
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada; The Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada.
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Fonseca AC, Gil MH, Simões PN. Biodegradable poly(ester amide)s – A remarkable opportunity for the biomedical area: Review on the synthesis, characterization and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Said SS, Pickering JG, Mequanint K. Controlled Delivery of Fibroblast Growth Factor-9 from Biodegradable Poly(ester amide) Fibers for Building Functional Neovasculature. Pharm Res 2014; 31:3335-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Synthesis, properties and applications of biodegradable polymers derived from diols and dicarboxylic acids: from polyesters to poly(ester amide)s. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:7064-123. [PMID: 24776758 PMCID: PMC4057662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15057064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(alkylene dicarboxylate)s constitute a family of biodegradable polymers with increasing interest for both commodity and speciality applications. Most of these polymers can be prepared from biobased diols and dicarboxylic acids such as 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and carbohydrates. This review provides a current status report concerning synthesis, biodegradation and applications of a series of polymers that cover a wide range of properties, namely, materials from elastomeric to rigid characteristics that are suitable for applications such as hydrogels, soft tissue engineering, drug delivery systems and liquid crystals. Finally, the incorporation of aromatic units and α-amino acids is considered since stiffness of molecular chains and intermolecular interactions can be drastically changed. In fact, poly(ester amide)s derived from naturally occurring amino acids offer great possibilities as biodegradable materials for biomedical applications which are also extensively discussed.
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Soleimani A, Drappel S, Carlini R, Goredema A, Gillies ER. Structure–Property Relationships for a Series of Poly(ester amide)s Containing Amino Acids. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4035219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Drappel
- Xerox Research Center of Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Canada L5K 2L1
| | - Rina Carlini
- Xerox Research Center of Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Canada L5K 2L1
| | - Adela Goredema
- Xerox Research Center of Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Canada L5K 2L1
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Soleimani A, Borecki A, Gillies ER. Photodegradable poly(ester amide)s for indirect light-triggered release of paclitaxel. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00996g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A photodegradable poly(ester amide) was developed. An amphiphilic graft copolymer derivative with paclitaxel conjugated via ester linkages formed micelles that released paclitaxel in response to UV light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolrasoul Soleimani
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
- The University of Western Ontario
- London, Canada N6A 5B9
| | - Aneta Borecki
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
- The University of Western Ontario
- London, Canada N6A 5B9
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
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Fonseca AC, Serra AC, Coelho JF, Gil MH, Simões PN. Novel poly(ester amide)s from glycine and L-lactic acid by an easy and cost-effective synthesis. POLYM INT 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Fonseca
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Coimbra; Rua Sílvio Lima-Pólo II; 3030-290; Coimbra; Portugal
| | - Arménio C. Serra
- Department of Chemistry; University of Coimbra; 3004-535; Coimbra; Portugal
| | - Jorge F.J. Coelho
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Coimbra; Rua Sílvio Lima-Pólo II; 3030-290; Coimbra; Portugal
| | - Maria H. Gil
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Coimbra; Rua Sílvio Lima-Pólo II; 3030-290; Coimbra; Portugal
| | - Pedro N. Simões
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Coimbra; Rua Sílvio Lima-Pólo II; 3030-290; Coimbra; Portugal
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Mejia JS, Gillies ER. Triggered degradation of poly(ester amide)s via cyclization of pendant functional groups of amino acid monomers. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py21094d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Zavradashvili N, Jokhadze G, Gverdtsiteli M, Otinashvili G, Kupatadze N, Gomurashvili Z, Tugushi D, Katsarava R. Amino Acid Based Epoxy-Poly(Ester Amide)s—A New Class of Functional Biodegradable Polymers: Synthesis and Chemical Transformations. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2013.780945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Srinath D, Lin S, Knight DK, Rizkalla AS, Mequanint K. Fibrous biodegradable l-alanine-based scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 8:578-88. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepta Srinath
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; The University of Western Ontario; London; ON; Canada
| | - Shigang Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; The University of Western Ontario; London; ON; Canada
| | - Darryl K. Knight
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; The University of Western Ontario; London; ON; Canada
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Knight DK, Stutchbury R, Imruck D, Halfpap C, Lin S, Langbein U, Gillies ER, Mittler S, Mequanint K. Focal contact formation of vascular smooth muscle cells on Langmuir-Blodgett and solvent-cast films of biodegradable poly(ester amide)s. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:1303-1312. [PMID: 22324781 DOI: 10.1021/am201582q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The ability of biomaterials to support the adhesion of cells is a necessary condition for their use in scaffold-guided tissue engineering. Waveguide evanescent field fluorescence (WEFF) microscopy is a relatively new microscopic technique that allows the number of cell adhesions to a waveguide surface be measured by imaging the interfacial contact region between the cells and their substratum. In this work, the adhesion of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs) to ultrathin films (20 nm) of poly(ester amide)s (PEAs) prepared by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technology on waveguides was investigated and compared with conventional vinculin immunostaining on solvent cast PEA films. Cell culture was conducted both in the presence and absence of serum to evaluate the effect of nonspecific protein adsorption that mediates cell adhesion. WEFF microscopy analyses revealed that the cationic PEA enhanced the number of attachment sites compared with the control waveguides regardless of the culture medium. Although differences in cell adhesions between different PEAs were suggested by the results, no statistically significant differences were found. Similar results were observed with presently and previously reported vinculin immunostaining studies, further validating the use of WEFF microscopy to quantify cell adhesions. Moreover, the focal adhesions of the HCASMCs to the PEA surfaces indicate these PEAs can promote integrin signaling, which is vital in cell survival, migration, and proliferation, and ultimately in scaffold-guided vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl K Knight
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Poly(ester amide)-Poly(ethylene oxide) Graft Copolymers: Towards Micellar Drug Delivery Vehicles. INT J POLYM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1155/2012/564348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Micelles formed from amphiphilic copolymers are promising materials for the delivery of drug molecules, potentially leading to enhanced biological properties and efficacy. In this work, new poly(ester amide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEA-PEO) graft copolymers were synthesized and their assembly into micelles in aqueous solution was investigated. It was possible to tune the sizes of the micelles by varying the PEO content of the polymers and the method of micelle preparation. Under optimized conditions, it was possible to obtain micelles with diameters less than 100 nm as measured by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. These micelles were demonstrated to encapsulate and release a model drug, Nile Red, and were nontoxic to HeLa cells as measured by an MTT assay. Overall, the properties of these micelles suggest that they are promising new materials for drug delivery systems.
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Khan W, Muthupandian S, Farah S, Kumar N, Domb AJ. Biodegradable Polymers Derived From Amino Acids. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:1625-36. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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