1
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Xue N, Svensson B, Bai Y. Structure, function and enzymatic synthesis of glucosaccharides assembled mainly by α1 → 6 linkages - A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 275:118705. [PMID: 34742430 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A variety of glucosaccharides composed of glucosyl residues can be classified into α- and β-type and have wide application in food and medicine areas. Among these glucosaccharides, β-type, such as cellulose and α-type, such as starch and starch derivatives, both contain 1 → 4 linkages and are well studied. Notably, in past decades also α1 → 6 glucosaccharides obtained increasing attention for unique physiochemical and biological properties. Especially in recent years, α1 → 6 glucosaccharides of different molecular weight distribution have been created and proved to be functional. However, compared to β- type and α1 → 4 glucosaccharides, only few articles provide a systematic overview of α1 → 6 glucosaccharides. This motivated, the present first comprehensive review on structure, function and synthesis of these α1 → 6 glucosaccharides, aiming both at improving understanding of traditional α1 → 6 glucosaccharides, such as isomaltose, isomaltooligosaccharides and dextrans, and to draw the attention to newly explored α1 → 6 glucosaccharides and their derivatives, such as cycloisomaltooligosaccharides, isomaltomegalosaccharides, and isomalto/malto-polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naixiang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Birte Svensson
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Yuxiang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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2
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Li X, Wang X, Meng X, Dijkhuizen L, Liu W. Structures, physico-chemical properties, production and (potential) applications of sucrose-derived α-d-glucans synthesized by glucansucrases. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 249:116818. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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3
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Structure, bioactivity and applications of natural hyperbranched polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 223:115076. [PMID: 31427017 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, hyperbranched polymers, especially the natural hyperbranched polysaccharides (HBPSs), are receiving much attention due to their diverse biological activities and applications. With high degree of branching (DB), HBPSs mainly exist in the form of either a comb-brush shape, dendrimer-like particulate, or globular particle. HBPSs also possess some unique properties, such as high density, large spatial cavities, and numerous terminal functional groups, which distinguish them from other polymers. As a natural biopolymer, HBPS has excellent bioavailability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, which have versatile applications in the fields of food, medicine, cosmetic, and nanomaterials. In this review, the source and structure of HBPSs from plant, animal, microbial and fungal origins as well as their biological functions and applications are covered, with the aim of further advancing the research of their structure and bioactivity.
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4
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Llamas-Arriba MG, Puertas AI, Prieto A, López P, Cobos M, Miranda JI, Marieta C, Ruas-Madiedo P, Dueñas MT. Characterization of dextrans produced by Lactobacillus mali CUPV271 and Leuconostoc carnosum CUPV411. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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van der Zaal P, Klostermann C, Schols H, Bitter J, Buwalda P. Enzymatic fingerprinting of isomalto/malto-polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 205:279-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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6
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Faucard P, Grimaud F, Lourdin D, Maigret JE, Moulis C, Remaud-Siméon M, Putaux JL, Potocki-Véronèse G, Rolland-Sabaté A. Macromolecular structure and film properties of enzymatically-engineered high molar mass dextrans. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 181:337-344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Gangoiti J, Pijning T, Dijkhuizen L. Biotechnological potential of novel glycoside hydrolase family 70 enzymes synthesizing α-glucans from starch and sucrose. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 36:196-207. [PMID: 29133008 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Transglucosidases belonging to the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 70 are promising enzymatic tools for the synthesis of α-glucans with defined structures from renewable sucrose and starch substrates. Depending on the GH70 enzyme specificity, α-glucans with different structures and physicochemical properties are produced, which have found diverse (potential) commercial applications, e.g. in food, health and as biomaterials. Originally, the GH70 family was established only for glucansucrase enzymes of lactic acid bacteria that catalyze the synthesis of α-glucan polymers from sucrose. In recent years, we have identified 3 novel subfamilies of GH70 enzymes (designated GtfB, GtfC and GtfD), inactive on sucrose but converting starch/maltodextrin substrates into novel α-glucans. These novel starch-acting enzymes considerably enlarge the panel of α-glucans that can be produced. They also represent very interesting evolutionary intermediates between sucrose-acting GH70 glucansucrases and starch-acting GH13 α-amylases. Here we provide an overview of the repertoire of GH70 enzymes currently available with focus on these novel starch-acting GH70 enzymes and their biotechnological potential. Moreover, we discuss key developments in the understanding of structure-function relationships of GH70 enzymes in the light of available three-dimensional structures, and the protein engineering strategies that were recently applied to expand their natural product specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gangoiti
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjaard Pijning
- Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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8
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Claverie M, Cioci G, Vuillemin M, Monties N, Roblin P, Lippens G, Remaud-Simeon M, Moulis C. Investigations on the Determinants Responsible for Low Molar Mass Dextran Formation by DSR-M Dextransucrase. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Claverie
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA,
INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Gianluca Cioci
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA,
INSA, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Nelly Monties
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA,
INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Roblin
- Université de Toulouse, LGC UMR 5503 (CNRS/UPS/INPT), 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Guy Lippens
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA,
INSA, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Claire Moulis
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA,
INSA, Toulouse, France
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9
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Vuillemin M, Grimaud F, Claverie M, Rolland-Sabaté A, Garnier C, Lucas P, Monsan P, Dols-Lafargue M, Remaud-Siméon M, Moulis C. A dextran with unique rheological properties produced by the dextransucrase from Oenococcus kitaharae DSM 17330. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 179:10-18. [PMID: 29111031 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A gene encoding a novel dextransucrase was identified in the genome of Oenococcus kitaharae DSM17330 and cloned into E. coli. With a kcat of 691s-1 and a half-life time of 111h at 30°C, the resulting recombinant enzyme -named DSR-OK- stands as one of the most efficient and stable dextransucrase characterized to date. From sucrose, this enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of a quasi linear dextran with a molar mass higher than 1×109g·mol-1 that presents uncommon rheological properties such as a higher viscosity than that of the most industrially used dextran from L. mesenteroides NRRL-B-512F, a yield stress that was never described before for any type of dextran, as well as a gel-like structure. All these properties open the way to a vast array of new applications in health, food/feed, bulk or fine chemicals fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlène Vuillemin
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Florent Grimaud
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Claverie
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Agnès Rolland-Sabaté
- UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, F-44300 Nantes, France; UMR408 Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale, INRA, Université Avignon, F-84000 Avignon, France
| | - Catherine Garnier
- UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, F-44300 Nantes, France
| | - Patrick Lucas
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577, Unité de recherche Oenologie, Institut polytechnique de Bordeaux, INRA USC 1366, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Pierre Monsan
- Toulouse White Biotechnology Center, Parc Technologique du Canal, F-31520 Ramonville Saint Agnes, France
| | - Marguerite Dols-Lafargue
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577, Unité de recherche Oenologie, Institut polytechnique de Bordeaux, INRA USC 1366, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Claire Moulis
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
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10
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Meng X, Gangoiti J, Bai Y, Pijning T, Van Leeuwen SS, Dijkhuizen L. Structure-function relationships of family GH70 glucansucrase and 4,6-α-glucanotransferase enzymes, and their evolutionary relationships with family GH13 enzymes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2681-706. [PMID: 27155661 PMCID: PMC4919382 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to produce large amounts of α-glucan exopolysaccharides. Family GH70 glucansucrase (GS) enzymes catalyze the synthesis of these α-glucans from sucrose. The elucidation of the crystal structures of representative GS enzymes has advanced our understanding of their reaction mechanism, especially structural features determining their linkage specificity. In addition, with the increase of genome sequencing, more and more GS enzymes are identified and characterized. Together, such knowledge may promote the synthesis of α-glucans with desired structures and properties from sucrose. In the meantime, two new GH70 subfamilies (GTFB- and GTFC-like) have been identified as 4,6-α-glucanotransferases (4,6-α-GTs) that represent novel evolutionary intermediates between the family GH13 and "classical GH70 enzymes". These enzymes are not active on sucrose; instead, they use (α1 → 4) glucans (i.e. malto-oligosaccharides and starch) as substrates to synthesize novel α-glucans by introducing linear chains of (α1 → 6) linkages. All these GH70 enzymes are very interesting biocatalysts and hold strong potential for applications in the food, medicine and cosmetic industries. In this review, we summarize the microbiological distribution and the structure-function relationships of family GH70 enzymes, introduce the two newly identified GH70 subfamilies, and discuss evolutionary relationships between family GH70 and GH13 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Meng
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joana Gangoiti
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuxiang Bai
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjaard Pijning
- Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander S Van Leeuwen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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11
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Meng X, Dobruchowska JM, Pijning T, Gerwig GJ, Dijkhuizen L. Synthesis of New Hyperbranched α-Glucans from Sucrose by Lactobacillus reuteri 180 Glucansucrase Mutants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:433-442. [PMID: 26688101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
α-Glucans produced by glucansucrase enzymes of lactic acid bacteria attract strong attention as novel ingredients and functional biopolymers in the food industry. In the present study, α-helix 4 amino acid residues D1085, R1088, and N1089 of glucansucrase GTF180 of Lactobacillus reuteri 180 were targeted for mutagenesis both jointly and separately. Analysis of the mutational effects on enzyme function revealed that all D1085 and R1088 mutants catalyzed the synthesis of hyperbranched α-glucans with 15-22% branching (α1→3,6) linkages, compared to 13% in the wild-type GTF180. In addition, besides native (α1→6) and (α1→3) linkages, all of the mutations introduced a small amount of (α1→4) linkages (5% at most) in the polysaccharides produced. We conclude that α-helix 4 residues, especially D1085 and R1088, constituting part of the +2 acceptor binding subsite, are important determinants for the linkage specificity. The new hyperbranched α-glucans provide very interesting structural diversities and may find applications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Meng
- Microbial Physiology and ‡Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Justyna M Dobruchowska
- Microbial Physiology and ‡Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjaard Pijning
- Microbial Physiology and ‡Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J Gerwig
- Microbial Physiology and ‡Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial Physiology and ‡Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Meng X, Pijning T, Dobruchowska JM, Gerwig GJ, Dijkhuizen L. Characterization of the Functional Roles of Amino Acid Residues in Acceptor-binding Subsite +1 in the Active Site of the Glucansucrase GTF180 from Lactobacillus reuteri 180. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30131-41. [PMID: 26507662 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.687558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Glucans produced by glucansucrase enzymes hold strong potential for industrial applications. The exact determinants of the linkage specificity of glucansucrase enzymes have remained largely unknown, even with the recent elucidation of glucansucrase crystal structures. Guided by the crystal structure of glucansucrase GTF180-ΔN from Lactobacillus reuteri 180 in complex with the acceptor substrate maltose, we identified several residues (Asp-1028 and Asn-1029 from domain A, as well as Leu-938, Ala-978, and Leu-981 from domain B) near subsite +1 that may be critical for linkage specificity determination, and we investigated these by random site-directed mutagenesis. First, mutants of Ala-978 (to Leu, Pro, Phe, or Tyr) and Asp-1028 (to Tyr or Trp) with larger side chains showed reduced degrees of branching, likely due to the steric hindrance by these bulky residues. Second, Leu-938 mutants (except L938F) and Asp-1028 mutants showed altered linkage specificity, mostly with increased (α1 → 6) linkage synthesis. Third, mutation of Leu-981 and Asn-1029 significantly affected the transglycosylation reaction, indicating their essential roles in acceptor substrate binding. In conclusion, glucansucrase product specificity is determined by an interplay of domain A and B residues surrounding the acceptor substrate binding groove. Residues surrounding the +1 subsite thus are critical for activity and specificity of the GTF180 enzyme and play different roles in the enzyme functions. This study provides novel insights into the structure-function relationships of glucansucrase enzymes and clearly shows the potential of enzyme engineering to produce tailor-made α-glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tjaard Pijning
- Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Kajala I, Shi Q, Nyyssölä A, Maina NH, Hou Y, Katina K, Tenkanen M, Juvonen R. Cloning and characterization of a Weissella confusa dextransucrase and its application in high fibre baking. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116418. [PMID: 25603169 PMCID: PMC4300183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat bran offers health benefits as a baking ingredient, but is detrimental to bread textural quality. Dextran production by microbial fermentation improves sourdough bread volume and freshness, but extensive acid production during fermentation may negate this effect. Enzymatic production of dextran in wheat bran was tested to determine if dextran-containing bran could be used in baking without disrupting bread texture. The Weissella confusa VTT E-90392 dextransucrase gene was sequenced and His-tagged dextransucrase Wc392-rDSR was produced in Lactococcus lactis. Purified enzyme was characterized using 14C-sucrose radioisotope and reducing value-based assays, the former yielding Km and Vmax values of 14.7 mM and 8.2 μmol/(mg∙min), respectively, at the pH optimum of 5.4. The structure and size of in vitro dextran product was similar to dextran produced in vivo. Dextran (8.1% dry weight) was produced in wheat bran in 6 h using Wc392-rDSR. Bran with and without dextran was used in wheat baking at 20% supplementation level. Dextran presence improved bread softness and neutralized bran-induced volume loss, clearly demonstrating the potential of using dextransucrases in bran bioprocessing for use in baking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkka Kajala
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Qiao Shi
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Nyyssölä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ndegwa Henry Maina
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yaxi Hou
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Katina
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Tenkanen
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Juvonen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
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14
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Fang Y, Wu J, Xu ZK. Dextransucrase-catalyzed elongation of polysaccharide brushes with immobilized mono-/di-saccharides as acceptors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:129-32. [PMID: 25383964 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06137c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was used to monitor dextransucrase (DSase)-catalyzed polysaccharide elongation on the glucose-/maltose-ended self-assembly monolayer (SAM) surfaces. Kinetic parameters of the enzymatic elongation indicate that maltose is a promising substrate acceptor for DSase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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15
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Jemli S, Ayadi-Zouari D, Hlima HB, Bejar S. Biocatalysts: application and engineering for industrial purposes. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 36:246-58. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.950550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Meng X, Dobruchowska JM, Pijning T, López CA, Kamerling JP, Dijkhuizen L. Residue Leu940 has a crucial role in the linkage and reaction specificity of the glucansucrase GTF180 of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri 180. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:32773-82. [PMID: 25288798 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.602524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly conserved glycoside hydrolase family 70 glucansucrases are able to catalyze the synthesis of α-glucans with different structure from sucrose. The structural determinants of glucansucrase specificity have remained unclear. Residue Leu(940) in domain B of GTF180, the glucansucrase of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri 180, was shown to vary in different glucansucrases and is close to the +1 glucosyl unit in the crystal structure of GTF180-ΔN in complex with maltose. Herein, we show that mutations in Leu(940) of wild-type GTF180-ΔN all caused an increased percentage of (α1→6) linkages and a decreased percentage of (α1→3) linkages in the products. α-Glucans with potential different physicochemical properties (containing 67-100% of (α1→6) linkages) were produced by GTF180 and its Leu(940) mutants. Mutant L940W was unable to form (α1→3) linkages and synthesized a smaller and linear glucan polysaccharide with only (α1→6) linkages. Docking studies revealed that the introduction of the large aromatic amino acid residue tryptophan at position 940 partially blocked the binding groove, preventing the isomalto-oligosaccharide acceptor to bind in an favorable orientation for the formation of (α1→3) linkages. Our data showed that the reaction specificity of GTF180 mutant was shifted either to increased polysaccharide synthesis (L940A, L940S, L940E, and L940F) or increased oligosaccharide synthesis (L940W). The L940W mutant is capable of producing a large amount of isomalto-oligosaccharides using released glucose from sucrose as acceptors. Thus, residue Leu(940) in domain B is crucial for linkage and reaction specificity of GTF180. This study provides clear and novel insights into the structure-function relationships of glucansucrase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tjaard Pijning
- Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cesar A López
- Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Characterization of exopolysaccharide and ropy capsular polysaccharide formation by Weissella. Food Microbiol 2014; 46:418-427. [PMID: 25475311 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With their broad functional properties, lactic acid bacteria derived high molar mass exopolysaccharides (EPS) and oligosaccharides are of great interest for food, medical and pharmaceutical industry. EPS formation by 123 strains of Weissella cibaria and Weissella confusa, was evaluated. Dextran formation from sucrose was observed for all tested strains while 18 strains produced fructan in addition to dextran. Six isolates synthesized a highly ropy polymer from glucose associated with the formation of a cell-bound, capsular polysaccharide (CPS) composed of glucose, O-acetyl groups and two unidentified monomer components. The soluble EPSs of nine strains were identified as low α-1,3-branched dextran, levan and inulin type polymers using NMR. In addition to glucan and fructan, W. confusa produced gluco- and fructooligosaccharides. Partial dextransucrase and fructansucrase sequences were characterized in the selected Weissella strains. Our study reports the first structural characterization of fructan type EPS from Weissella as well as the first Weissella strain producing inulin. Production of more than one EPS-type by single strains may have high potential for development of applications combining EPS technological and nutritional benefits.
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Berland M, Offmann B, Andre I, Remaud-Simeon M, Charton P. A web-based tool for rational screening of mutants libraries using ProSAR. Protein Eng Des Sel 2014; 27:375-81. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzu035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Das D, Goyal A. Characterization and biocompatibility of glucan: a safe food additive from probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum DM5. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:683-690. [PMID: 23852706 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exopolysaccharide produced by lactic acid bacteria are the subject of an increasing number of studies for their potential applications in the food industry as stabilizing, bio-thickening and immunostimulating agents. In this regard, the authors isolated an exopolysaccharide producing probiotic lactic acid bacterium from fermented beverage Marcha of north eastern Himalayas. RESULTS The isolate Lactobacillus plantarum DM5 showed extracellular glucansucrase activity of 0.48 U mg⁻¹ by synthesizing natural exopolysaccharide glucan (1.87 mg mL⁻¹) from sucrose. Zymogram analysis of purified enzyme confirms the presence of glucosyltransferase of approximately 148 kDa with optimal activity of 18.7 U mg⁻¹ at 30 °C and pH 5.4. The exopolysaccharide was purified by gel permeation chromatography and had an average molecular weight of 1.11 × 10⁶ Da. Acid hydrolysis and structural characterization of exopolysaccharide revealed that it was composed of d-glucose residues, containing 86.5% of α-(1→6) and 13.5% of α-(1→3) linkages. Rheological study exhibited a shear thinning effect of glucan appropriate for food additives. A cytotoxicity test of glucan on human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) and human cervical cancer (HeLa) cell lines revealed its nontoxic biocompatible nature. CONCLUSION This is the first report on the structure and biocompatibility of homopolysaccharide α-D-glucan (dextran) from probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum strain and its unique physical and rheological properties that facilitate its application in the food industry as viscosifying and gelling agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeplina Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039, India
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Maina NH, Pitkänen L, Heikkinen S, Tuomainen P, Virkki L, Tenkanen M. Challenges in analysis of high-molar mass dextrans: Comparison of HPSEC, AsFlFFF and DOSY NMR spectroscopy. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 99:199-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Irague R, Tarquis L, André I, Moulis C, Morel S, Monsan P, Potocki-Véronèse G, Remaud-Siméon M. Combinatorial engineering of dextransucrase specificity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77837. [PMID: 24204991 PMCID: PMC3799614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We used combinatorial engineering to investigate the relationships between structure and linkage specificity of the dextransucrase DSR-S from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-512F, and to generate variants with altered specificity. Sequence and structural analysis of glycoside-hydrolase family 70 enzymes led to eight amino acids (D306, F353, N404, W440, D460, H463, T464 and S512) being targeted, randomized by saturation mutagenesis and simultaneously recombined. Screening of two libraries totaling 3.6.104 clones allowed the isolation of a toolbox comprising 81 variants which synthesize high molecular weight α-glucans with different proportions of α(1→3) linkages ranging from 3 to 20 %. Mutant sequence analysis, biochemical characterization and molecular modelling studies revealed the previously unknown role of peptide 460DYVHT464 in DSR-S linkage specificity. This peptide sequence together with residue S512 contribute to defining +2 subsite topology, which may be critical for the enzyme regiospecificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Irague
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Tarquis
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle André
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Moulis
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Morel
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Monsan
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Toulouse, France
| | - Gabrielle Potocki-Véronèse
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Toulouse, France
| | - Magali Remaud-Siméon
- Université de Toulouse; INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
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Shukla S, Shi Q, Maina NH, Juvonen M, Maijatenkanen, Goyal A. Weissella confusa Cab3 dextransucrase: properties and in vitro synthesis of dextran and glucooligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 101:554-64. [PMID: 24299811 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Food-derived Weissella spp. have gained attention during recent years as efficient dextran producers. Weissella confusa Cab3 dextransucrase (WcCab3-DSR) was isolated applying PEG fractionation and used for in vitro synthesis of dextran and glucooligosaccharides. WcCab3-DSR had a molar mass of 178 kDa and was activated by Co(2+) and Ca(2+) ions. Glycerol and Tween 80 enhanced enzyme stability, and its half-life at 30°C increased from 10h to 74 h and 59 h, respectively. The (1)H and (13)C NMR spectral analysis of the produced dextran confirmed the presence of main chain α-(1→6) linkages with only 3.0% of α-(1→3) branching, of which some were elongated. An HPSEC analysis in DMSO revealed a high molecular weight of 1.8 × 10(7)g/mol. Glucooligosaccarides produced through the acceptor reaction with maltose, were analyzed with HPAEC-PAD and ESI-MS/MS. They were a homologous series of isomaltooligosaccharides with reducing end maltose units. To the best of our knowledge, this is a first report on native W. confusa dextransucrase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
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Leemhuis H, Pijning T, Dobruchowska JM, van Leeuwen SS, Kralj S, Dijkstra BW, Dijkhuizen L. Glucansucrases: three-dimensional structures, reactions, mechanism, α-glucan analysis and their implications in biotechnology and food applications. J Biotechnol 2012; 163:250-72. [PMID: 22796091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glucansucrases are extracellular enzymes that synthesize a wide variety of α-glucan polymers and oligosaccharides, such as dextran. These carbohydrates have found numerous applications in food and health industries, and can be used as pure compounds or even be produced in situ by generally regarded as safe (GRAS) lactic acid bacteria in food applications. Research in the recent years has resulted in big steps forward in the understanding and exploitation of the biocatalytic potential of glucansucrases. This paper provides an overview of glucansucrase enzymes, their recently elucidated crystal structures, their reaction and product specificity, and the structural analysis and applications of α-glucan polymers. Furthermore, we discuss key developments in the understanding of α-glucan polymer formation based on the recently elucidated three-dimensional structures of glucansucrase proteins. Finally we discuss the (potential) applications of α-glucans produced by lactic acid bacteria in food and health related industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Leemhuis
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute-GBB, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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