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Functionalization of Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Systems and Its Influence in Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051113. [PMID: 35631699 PMCID: PMC9145684 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into the application of nanocarriers in the delivery of cancer-fighting drugs has been a promising research area for decades. On the other hand, their cytotoxic effects on cells, low uptake efficiency, and therapeutic resistance have limited their therapeutic use. However, the urgency of pressing healthcare needs has resulted in the functionalization of nanoparticles' (NPs) physicochemical properties to improve clinical outcomes of new, old, and repurposed drugs. This article reviews recent research on methods for targeting functionalized nanoparticles to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Additionally, the use of relevant engineering techniques for surface functionalization of nanocarriers (liposomes, dendrimers, and mesoporous silica) and their critical roles in overcoming the current limitations in cancer therapy-targeting ligands used for targeted delivery, stimuli strategies, and multifunctional nanoparticles-were all reviewed. The limitations and future perspectives of functionalized nanoparticles were also finally discussed. Using relevant keywords, published scientific literature from all credible sources was retrieved. A quick search of the literature yielded almost 400 publications. The subject matter of this review was addressed adequately using an inclusion/exclusion criterion. The content of this review provides a reasonable basis for further studies to fully exploit the potential of these nanoparticles in cancer therapy.
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Ghaffari M, Dehghan G, Abedi-Gaballu F, Kashanian S, Baradaran B, Ezzati Nazhad Dolatabadi J, Losic D. Surface functionalized dendrimers as controlled-release delivery nanosystems for tumor targeting. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 122:311-330. [PMID: 30003954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are nano-sized and three-dimensional macromolecules with well-defined globular architecture and are widely used in various aspects such as drug and gene delivery owing to multivalent and host-guest entrapment properties. However, dendrimers like other nanomaterials have some disadvantages for example rapid clearance by reticuloendothelial system, toxicity due to interaction of amine terminated group with cell membrane, low transfection efficiency and lack of controlled release behavior, which reduce their therapeutic efficiency. To solve these problems, surface functionalization of dendrimers can be carried out. Surface functionalization not only mitigates this obstacle but also renders excessive specificity to dendrimer to improve efficiency of cancer therapy. Specific properties in cancer cell compared to normal cells such as overexpression of various receptors and difference in biological condition like pH, temperature and redox of tumor environment can be an appropriate strategy to increase site-specific targeting efficiency. Therefore, in this article we focus on numerous functionalization strategies, which are used in the modification of dendrimers through attachment of lipid, amino acid, protein/peptide, aptamer, vitamin, antibody. Moreover, increased biocompatibility, site-specific delivery based on various ligands, enhanced transfection efficiency, sustained and controlled release behavior based on stimuli responsiveness are benefits of functionalized dendrimer which we discuss in this review. Overall, these functionalized dendrimers can open a new horizon in the field of targeted drug and gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghaffari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Dehghan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fereydoon Abedi-Gaballu
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Kashanian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Sensor and Biosensor Research Center (SBRC) & Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center (NNRC), Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran; Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, North Engineering Building, N206, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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Chanphai P, Tajmir-Riahi HA. Encapsulation of micronutrients resveratrol, genistein, and curcumin by folic acid-PAMAM nanoparticles. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 449:157-166. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Chanphai P, Tajmir-Riahi HA. Binding analysis of antioxidant polyphenols with PAMAM nanoparticles. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:3487-3495. [PMID: 29019428 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1391124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols are abundant micronutrients in our diet and paly major role in prevention of degenerative diseases. The binding efficacy of antioxidant polyphenols resveratrol, genistein, and curcumin with PAMAM-G3 and PAMAM-G4 nanoparticles was investigated in aqueous solution at physiological conditions, using multiple spectroscopic methods, TEM images, and docking studies. The polyphenol bindings are via hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and H-bonding contacts with resveratrol forming more stable conjugates. As PAMAM size increased the loading efficacy and the stability of polyphenol-polymer conjugates were increased. Polyphenol binding induced major alterations of dendrimer morphology. PAMAM nanoparticles are capable of delivery of polyphenols in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chanphai
- a Department of Chemistry-Biochemistry, Physics , University of Québec , C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières , Québec G9A 5H7 , Canada
| | - H A Tajmir-Riahi
- a Department of Chemistry-Biochemistry, Physics , University of Québec , C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières , Québec G9A 5H7 , Canada
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Chanphai P, Bekale L, Sanyakamdhorn S, Agudelo D, Bérubé G, Thomas T, Tajmir-Riahi H. PAMAM dendrimers in drug delivery: loading efficacy and polymer morphology. CAN J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The binding efficacy of anticancer drugs doxorubicin and tamoxifen with polyamidoamine (PAMAM-G4) dendrimers was studied in aqueous solution at physiological pH. The results of multiple spectroscopic methods, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and molecular modeling of conjugated drug–polymer were examined. Structural analysis showed that drug–polymer conjugation occurs mainly via H-bonding and hydrophilic and hydrophobic contacts. Doxorubicin forms a more stable conjugate with PAMAM-G4 than tamoxifen. The drug loading efficacy was 40%–50%. The TEM images showed major changes in the PAMAM morphology upon drug encapsulation. Modeling showed that drug is located in the polymer surface and in the internal cavities. PAMAM nanoparticles are capable of transporting doxorubicin and tamoxifen in vitro. This minireview presents the most recent work performed with the dendrimers demonstrating their usefulness for drug delivery in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Chanphai
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - L. Bekale
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - S. Sanyakamdhorn
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - D. Agudelo
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - G. Bérubé
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - T.J. Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - H.A. Tajmir-Riahi
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
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Chanphai P, Tajmir-Riahi H. Characterization of folic acid-PAMAM conjugates: drug loading efficacy and dendrimer morphology. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:1918-1924. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1341339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Chanphai
- Department of Chemistry-Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières , C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Quebec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - H.A. Tajmir-Riahi
- Department of Chemistry-Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières , C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Quebec G9A 5H7, Canada
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Melikishvili S, Poturnayova A, Ionov M, Bryszewska M, Vary T, Cirak J, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, Gomez-Ramirez R, de la Mata FJ, Hianik T. The effect of polyethylene glycol-modified lipids on the interaction of HIV-1 derived peptide–dendrimer complexes with lipid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:3005-3016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Sanyakamdhorn S, Agudelo D, Tajmir-Riahi H. Review on the targeted conjugation of anticancer drugs doxorubicin and tamoxifen with synthetic polymers for drug delivery. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:2497-2508. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1222971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Sanyakamdhorn
- Department of Chemistry-Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - D. Agudelo
- Department of Chemistry-Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - H.A. Tajmir-Riahi
- Department of Chemistry-Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
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Sanyakamdhorn S, Agudelo D, Bekale L, Tajmir-Riahi HA. Targeted conjugation of breast anticancer drug tamoxifen and its metabolites with synthetic polymers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 145:55-63. [PMID: 27137803 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Conjugation of antitumor drug tamoxifen and its metabolites, 4-hydroxytamxifen and ednoxifen with synthetic polymers poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), methoxypoly (ethylene glycol) polyamidoamine (mPEG-PAMAM-G3) and polyamidoamine (PAMAM-G4) dendrimers was studied in aqueous solution at pH 7.4. Multiple spectroscopic methods, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and molecular modeling were used to characterize the drug binding process to synthetic polymers. Structural analysis showed that drug-polymer binding occurs via both H-bonding and hydrophobic contacts. The order of binding is PAMAM-G4>mPEG-PAMAM-G3>PEG-6000 with 4-hydroxttamoxifen forming more stable conjugate than tamoxifen and endoxifen. Transmission electron microscopy showed significant changes in carrier morphology with major changes in the shape of the polymer aggregate as drug encapsulation occurred. Modeling also showed that drug is located in the surface and in the internal cavities of PAMAM with the free binding energy of -3.79 for tamoxifen, -3.70 for 4-hydroxytamoxifen and -3.69kcal/mol for endoxifen, indicating of spontaneous drug-polymer interaction at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sanyakamdhorn
- Department of Chemistry-Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois- Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - D Agudelo
- Department of Chemistry-Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois- Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - L Bekale
- Department of Chemistry-Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois- Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - H A Tajmir-Riahi
- Department of Chemistry-Biochemistry and Physics, University of Québec at Trois- Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada.
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Chanphai P, Tajmir-Riahi H. Thermodynamic analysis of biogenic and synthetic polyamines conjugation with PAMAM-G4 nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 155:13-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Chanphai P, Tajmir-Riahi H. Trypsin and trypsin inhibitor bind PAMAM nanoparticles: Effect of hydrophobicity on protein–polymer conjugation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 461:419-424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Chanphai P, Bekale L, Tajmir-Riahi H. Conjugation of steroids with PAMAM nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 136:1035-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Structural analysis of doxorubicin-polymer conjugates. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 135:175-182. [PMID: 26255162 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), methoxypoly (ethylene glycol) polyamidoamine (mPEG-PAMAM-G3) and polyamidoamine (PAMAM-G4) dendrimers were used for encapsulation of antibiotic drug doxorubicin (Dox) and its analogue N-(trifluoroacetyl) doxorubicin (FDox) in aqueous solution at pH 7.4. Multiple spectroscopic methods, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and molecular modeling were used to characterize the drug binding process to synthetic polymers. Structural analysis showed that drug-polymer binding occurs via both H-bonding and hydrophobic contacts. The order of binding is PAMAM-G4>mPEG-PAMAM-G3>PEG-6000 with Dox forming more stable conjugate than FDox. Transmission electron microscopy showed significant changes in carrier morphology with major changes in the shape of the polymer aggregate as drug encapsulation occurred. Modeling also showed that drug is located in the surface and in the internal cavities of PAMAM with the free binding energy of -4.14 kcal/mol for Dox and -3.93 kcal/mol for FDox, indicating of spontaneous drug-polymer interaction at room temperature.
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Namazi H, Heydari A. Synthesis ofβ-cyclodextrin-based dendrimer as a novel encapsulation agent. POLYM INT 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Namazi
- Research Laboratory of Dendrimers and Biopolymers, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Tabriz; PO Box 51666 Tabriz Iran
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN); Tabriz University of Medical Science; Tabriz Iran
| | - Abolfazl Heydari
- Research Laboratory of Dendrimers and Biopolymers, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Tabriz; PO Box 51666 Tabriz Iran
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