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Dragar Č, Ileršič N, Potrč T, Nemec S, Kralj S, Kocbek P. Electrospinning as a method for preparation of redispersible dry product with high content of magnetic nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2022; 629:122389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Multifunctional Electrospun Nanofibers Based on Biopolymer Blends and Magnetic Tubular Halloysite for Medical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223870. [PMID: 34833169 PMCID: PMC8624944 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubular halloysite (HNT) is a naturally occurring aluminosilicate clay with a unique combination of natural availability, good biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, and functionality. This study explored the effects of magnetically responsive halloysite (MHNT) on the structure, morphology, chemical composition, and magnetic and mechanical properties of electrospun nanofibers based on polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatine (Gel) blends. MHNT was prepared via a simple modification of HNT with a perchloric-acid-stabilized magnetic fluid–methanol mixture. PCL/Gel nanofibers containing 6, 9, and 12 wt.% HNT and MHNT were prepared via an electrospinning process, respecting the essential rules for medical applications. The structure and properties of the prepared nanofibers were studied using infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and electron microscopy (SEM, STEM) along with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), magnetometry, and mechanical analysis. It was found that the incorporation of the studied concentrations of MHNT into PCL/Gel nanofibers led to soft magnetic biocompatible materials with a saturation magnetization of 0.67 emu/g and coercivity of 15 Oe for nanofibers with 12 wt.% MHNT. Moreover, by applying both HNT and MHNT, an improvement of the nanofibers structure was observed, together with strong reinforcing effects. The greatest improvement was observed for nanofibers containing 9 wt.% MHNT when increases in tensile strength reached more than two-fold and the elongation at break reached a five-fold improvement.
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Nikolaou M, Avraam K, Kolokithas-Ntoukas A, Bakandritsos A, Lizal F, Misik O, Maly M, Jedelsky J, Savva I, Balanean F, Krasia-Christoforou T. Superparamagnetic electrospun microrods for magnetically-guided pulmonary drug delivery with magnetic heating. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112117. [PMID: 34082934 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Controlled pulmonary drug delivery systems employing non-spherical particles as drug carriers attract considerable attention nowadays. Such anisotropic morphologies may travel deeper into the lung airways, thus enabling the efficient accumulation of therapeutic compounds at the point of interest and subsequently their sustained release. This study focuses on the fabrication of electrospun superparamagnetic polymer-based biodegradable microrods consisting of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA), polyethylene oxide (PEO) and oleic acid-coated magnetite nanoparticles (OA·Fe3O4). The production of magnetite-free (0% wt. OA·Fe3O4) and magnetite-loaded (50% and 70% wt. Fe3O4) microrods was realized upon subjecting the as-prepared electrospun fibers to UV irradiation, followed by sonication. Moreover, drug-loaded microrods were fabricated incorporating methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (MHB) as a model pharmaceutical compound and the drug release profile from both, the drug-loaded membranes and the corresponding microrods was investigated in aqueous media. In addition, the magnetic properties of the produced materials were exploited for remote induction of hyperthermia under AC magnetic field, while the possibility to reduce transport losses and enhance the targeted delivery to lower airways by manipulation of the airborne microrods by DC magnetic field was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nikolaou
- University of Cyprus, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 75, Kallipoleos Avenue, P. O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kyriakos Avraam
- University of Cyprus, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 75, Kallipoleos Avenue, P. O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, CATRIN, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Nanotechnology Centre, CEET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Lizal
- Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Energy Institute, Technicka 2896/2, Brno 616 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Misik
- Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Energy Institute, Technicka 2896/2, Brno 616 00, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Maly
- Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Energy Institute, Technicka 2896/2, Brno 616 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Jedelsky
- Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Energy Institute, Technicka 2896/2, Brno 616 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ioanna Savva
- University of Cyprus, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 75, Kallipoleos Avenue, P. O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Florica Balanean
- Romanian Academy - Timisoara Branch, Center for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Laboratory of Magnetic Fluids, Mihai Viteazul Ave. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Theodora Krasia-Christoforou
- University of Cyprus, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 75, Kallipoleos Avenue, P. O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Su Y, Zhao Y, Zheng W, Yu H, Liu Y, Xu L. Asymmetric Sc-PLA Membrane with Multi-scale Microstructures: Wettability, Antifouling, and Oil-Water Separation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:55520-55526. [PMID: 33231417 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an eco-friendly superhydrophobic stereo-complex polylactic acid (Sc-PLA) membrane was fabricated by a facile non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) method, followed by peeling off its skin layer. By adjusting the thickness and roughness, membranes with various multi-scale microstructures could be obtained due to the formation of stereo-complex crystals during the process of phase separation. The Sc-PLA membranes display a hydrophobic wetting property. Interestingly, when the skin layer of the membrane with a 600 μm thickness was peeled off, the water contact angle on the surface of the membrane significantly improved from 142 to 152°, and the membrane displayed superhydrophobic wetting properties, which may be owing to the improvement of roughness for the surface by enlarging the exposure opportunity of finger holes and microstructures. In addition, the Sc-PLA membrane with superhydrophobicity shows excellent antifouling performance and large oil absorption capacity. Predictably, the Sc-PLA membranes may have potential applications in antifouling and oil-water separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozhuo Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Zhao
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenge Zheng
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinfeng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Linqiong Xu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
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Papaparaskeva G, Louca M, Voutouri C, Tanasă E, Stylianopoulos T, Krasia-Christoforou T. Amalgamated fiber/hydrogel composites based on semi-interpenetrating polymer networks and electrospun nanocomposite fibrous mats. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Krasia-Christoforou T, Socoliuc V, Knudsen KD, Tombácz E, Turcu R, Vékás L. From Single-Core Nanoparticles in Ferrofluids to Multi-Core Magnetic Nanocomposites: Assembly Strategies, Structure, and Magnetic Behavior. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2178. [PMID: 33142887 PMCID: PMC7692798 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles are the basic components of the most promising magnetoresponsive nanoparticle systems for medical (diagnosis and therapy) and bio-related applications. Multi-core iron oxide nanoparticles with a high magnetic moment and well-defined size, shape, and functional coating are designed to fulfill the specific requirements of various biomedical applications, such as contrast agents, heating mediators, drug targeting, or magnetic bioseparation. This review article summarizes recent results in manufacturing multi-core magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) systems emphasizing the synthesis procedures, starting from ferrofluids (with single-core MNPs) as primary materials in various assembly methods to obtain multi-core magnetic particles. The synthesis and functionalization will be followed by the results of advanced physicochemical, structural, and magnetic characterization of multi-core particles, as well as single- and multi-core particle size distribution, morphology, internal structure, agglomerate formation processes, and constant and variable field magnetic properties. The review provides a comprehensive insight into the controlled synthesis and advanced structural and magnetic characterization of multi-core magnetic composites envisaged for nanomedicine and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Krasia-Christoforou
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75 Kallipoleos Avenue, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus;
| | - Vlad Socoliuc
- Laboratory of Magnetic Fluids, Center for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Romanian Academy–Timisoara Branch, Mihai Viteazul Ave. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Kenneth D. Knudsen
- Department for Neutron Materials Characterization, Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), 2027 Kjeller, Norway;
| | - Etelka Tombácz
- Soós Ernő Water Technology Research and Development Center, University of Pannonia, Zrínyi M. Str. 18., H-8800 Nagykanizsa, Hungary;
| | - Rodica Turcu
- Department of Physics of Nanostructured Systems, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donat Str. 67-103, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ladislau Vékás
- Laboratory of Magnetic Fluids, Center for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Romanian Academy–Timisoara Branch, Mihai Viteazul Ave. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania;
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Papaparaskeva G, Dinev MM, Krasia-Christoforou T, Turcu R, Porav SA, Balanean F, Socoliuc V. White Magnetic Paper with Zero Remanence Based on Electrospun Cellulose Microfibers Doped with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10030517. [PMID: 32178410 PMCID: PMC7153582 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The preparation procedure of zero magnetic remanence superparamagnetic white paper by means of three-layer membrane configuration (sandwiched structure) is presented. The cellulose acetate fibrous membranes were prepared by electrospinning. The middle membrane layer was magnetically loaded by impregnation with an aqueous ferrofluid of 8 nm magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles colloidally stabilized with a double layer of oleic acid. The nanoparticles show zero magnetic remanence due to their very small diameters and their soft magnetic properties. Changing the ferrofluid magnetic nanoparticle volume fraction, white papers with zero magnetic remanence and tunable saturation magnetization in the range of 0.5–3.5 emu/g were prepared. The dark coloring of the paper owing to the presence of the black magnetite nanoparticles was concealed by the external layers of pristine white cellulose acetate electrospun fibrous membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Papaparaskeva
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; (G.P.); (M.M.D.); (T.K.-C.)
| | - M. M. Dinev
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; (G.P.); (M.M.D.); (T.K.-C.)
| | - T. Krasia-Christoforou
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; (G.P.); (M.M.D.); (T.K.-C.)
| | - R. Turcu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donat 67-103, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.T.); (S.A.P.)
| | - S. A. Porav
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donat 67-103, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.T.); (S.A.P.)
| | - F. Balanean
- Laboratory of Magnetic Fluids, Center for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Romanian Academy—Timisoara Branch, M. Viteazul Ave. #24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - V. Socoliuc
- Laboratory of Magnetic Fluids, Center for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Romanian Academy—Timisoara Branch, M. Viteazul Ave. #24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania;
- Research Center for Complex Fluids Systems Engineering, Politehnica University of Timisoara, M. Viteazu Ave. #1, 300222 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +40-256-403-700
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Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles are the basic components of the most promising magneto-responsive systems for nanomedicine, ranging from drug delivery and imaging to hyperthermia cancer treatment, as well as to rapid point-of-care diagnostic systems with magnetic nanoparticles. Advanced synthesis procedures of single- and multi-core iron-oxide nanoparticles with high magnetic moment and well-defined size and shape, being designed to simultaneously fulfill multiple biomedical functionalities, have been thoroughly evaluated. The review summarizes recent results in manufacturing novel magnetic nanoparticle systems, as well as the use of proper characterization methods that are relevant to the magneto-responsive nature, size range, surface chemistry, structuring behavior, and exploitation conditions of magnetic nanosystems. These refer to particle size, size distribution and aggregation characteristics, zeta potential/surface charge, surface coating, functionalization and catalytic activity, morphology (shape, surface area, surface topology, crystallinity), solubility and stability (e.g., solubility in biological fluids, stability on storage), as well as to DC and AC magnetic properties, particle agglomerates formation, and flow behavior under applied magnetic field (magnetorheology).
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Hakkou K, Molina-Pinilla I, Rangel-Núñez C, Suárez-Cruz A, Pajuelo E, Bueno-Martínez M. Synthesis of novel (bio) degradable linear azo polymers conjugated with olsalazine. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhang D, Zhang N, Ma FF, Qi XD, Yang JH, Huang T, Wang Y. One-step fabrication of functionalized poly(l-lactide) porous fibers by electrospinning and the adsorption/separation abilities. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 360:150-162. [PMID: 30099358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, novel functionalized poly(l-lactide) (F-PLLA) porous fibers were fabricated through electrospinning using the PLLA/methylene chloride (CH2Cl2)/N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution containing diethylenetriamine (DETA) and γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH-550). The effects of PLLA, DETA and KH-550 contents on the morphologies of the electrospun fibers were systematically investigated, and the results showed that at PLLA, DETA and KH-550 contents of 20% w/v, 2 wt% and 3 wt%, respectively, the electrospun F-PLLA fibers exhibited the homogeneous distribution of fiber diameters and the homogeneous porous structure on the fiber surface. Nitrogen-containing groups were successfully introduced to the electrospun fibers, which induced the great improvement of the hydrophilicity of the membrane surface. Adsorption measurements showed that the electrospun F-PLLA membrane had good adsorption ability toward Congo red (CR), and the adsorption capacity at room temperature was enhanced in 16 times compared with the common PLLA fiber membrane, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 135.7 mg g-1. Furthermore, the adsorption behavior could be well described by the pseudo second-order model. Oil/water separating measurements showed that the electrospun F-PLLA membrane exhibited high separation efficiency and the maximum water fluxes were 2018 and 1861 L m-2 h-1 in separating non-emulsified and emulsified oil/water system under atmospheric pressure, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Fang-Fang Ma
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Qi
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Jing-Hui Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Ting Huang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China.
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Fabrication and Bioapplications of Magnetically Modified Chitosan-based Electrospun Nanofibers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/esp-2018-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe fabrication of magnetically modified electrospun nanocomposite fibers based on a naturally-derived biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharide chitosan (CS) and the hydrophilic and biocompatible poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) is reported herein. The anchoring of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) onto the surfaces of the electrospun PVP/CS fibers was carried out by a post-magnetization process based on chemical coprecipitation, via immersing the produced fibrous mats in an aqueous solution containing Fe(II) and Fe(III) salts at appropriate molar ratios, followed by the addition of a weak base to yield MNPs. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of continuous micron and submicron fibers surface-decorated with MNPs. The magnetically modified PVP/CS fibers exhibited superparamagnetic behavior at ambient temperature. The magnetic fibrous nanocomposite carrier was employed for the immobilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells and their use for sucrose hydrolysis, and Candida rugosa lipase and its use for artificial substrate hydrolysis.
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Nikolaou M, Krasia-Christoforou T. Electrohydrodynamic methods for the development of pulmonary drug delivery systems. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 113:29-40. [PMID: 28865687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning and electrospraying are two highly versatile and scalable electrohydrodynamic methods, which have attracted considerable attention during the last years towards the fabrication of polymer-based drug delivery systems. The latter may be obtained in the form of nano- or microfibers (via electrospinning) or as drug-loaded nano- and microparticles (via electrospraying). This review article begins with an introduction on the basic principles and the important influencing parameters governing the electrospinning/electrospraying processes, followed by an overview on their use for the development of nano/microfibers and nano/microparticles destined for use in pharmaceutical applications. Focus is given on research efforts targeting in the formulation of drug delivery systems and devices designed for pulmonary drug delivery applications thus emphasizing on the potential use of electrospinning and electrospraying in the area of inhaled medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nikolaou
- University of Cyprus, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Fu Y, Fang C, Ren Z, Xu G, Li X, Han G. Constructing Implantable SrTiO3:Yb,Ho Nanofibers for NIR-Triggered and Optically Monitored Chemotherapy. Chemistry 2017; 23:2423-2431. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yike Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 P.R. China
| | - Chao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 P.R. China
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 P.R. China
| | - Gaorong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; 38 Zheda Road Hangzhou 310027 P.R. China
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Heck JG, Feldmann C. Zirconyl acetaminophen phosphate: A nanoscaled analgetic with very high drug load. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 481:69-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cianci E, Trubiani O, Diomede F, Merciaro I, Meschini I, Bruni P, Croce F, Romano M. Immobilization and delivery of biologically active Lipoxin A 4 using electrospinning technology. Int J Pharm 2016; 515:254-261. [PMID: 27732897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxin (LX)A4 is a lipoxygenase-formed arachidonic acid metabolite with potent anti-inflammatory, pro-resolution properties. Its therapeutic efficacy has been largely demonstrated in a variety of cellular, preclinical and clinical models. Among these, periodontal disease, where LXA4 promotes tissue repair, also by modulating functions of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). As medicated biomembranes may be particularly useful in clinical settings, where local stimulation of tissue repair is needed, we used electrospinning to embed LXA4 in membranes made of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(d,l-lactide) (PDLLA). These membranes were fully characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and biocompatibility with hPDLSCs. Here, we report that LXA4 is retained in these membranes and that ∼15-20% of the total LXA4 amount added to the reaction can be eluted from the membranes using an aqueous buffered medium. The eluted LXA4 fully retained its capability to stimulate hPDLSC proliferation. A similar effect was obtained by adding directly the LXA4-containing membranes to cells. These results demonstrate for the first time that LXA4 can be incorporated into biomembranes, which may be useful to combat local inflammation and promote tissue repair in selected clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cianci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; StemTeCh Group, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; StemTeCh Group, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Diomede
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; StemTeCh Group, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria Merciaro
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; StemTeCh Group, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ida Meschini
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" Universtity of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pantaleone Bruni
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" Universtity of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fausto Croce
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" Universtity of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Romano
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; StemTeCh Group, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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Biazar E. Application of polymeric nanofibers in medical designs, part IV: Drug and biological materials delivery. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1180621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Park C, Xue R, Lannutti JJ, Farson DF. Ablation characteristics of electrospun core-shell nanofiber by femtosecond laser. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 65:232-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Chen YH, Cheng CH, Chang WJ, Lin YC, Lin FH, Lin JC. Studies of magnetic alginate-based electrospun matrices crosslinked with different methods for potential hyperthermia treatment. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 62:338-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Sasikala ARK, Unnithan AR, Yun YH, Park CH, Kim CS. An implantable smart magnetic nanofiber device for endoscopic hyperthermia treatment and tumor-triggered controlled drug release. Acta Biomater 2016; 31:122-133. [PMID: 26687978 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study describes the design and synthesis of an implantable smart magnetic nanofiber device for endoscopic hyperthermia treatment and tumor-triggered controlled drug release. This device is achieved using a two-component smart nanofiber matrix from monodisperse iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) as well as bortezomib (BTZ), a chemotherapeutic drug. The IONP-incorporated nanofiber matrix was developed by electrospinning a biocompatible and bioresorbable polymer, poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), and tumor-triggered anticancer drug delivery is realized by exploiting mussel-inspired surface functionalization using 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine (dopamine) to conjugate the borate-containing BTZ anticancer drug through a catechol metal binding in a pH-sensitive manner. Thus, an implantable smart magnetic nanofiber device can be exploited to both apply hyperthermia with an alternating magnetic field (AMF) and to achieve cancer cell-specific drug release to enable synergistic cancer therapy. These results confirm that the BTZ-loaded mussel-inspired magnetic nanofiber matrix (BTZ-MMNF) is highly beneficial not only due to the higher therapeutic efficacy and low toxicity towards normal cells but also, as a result of the availability of magnetic nanoparticles for repeated hyperthermia application and tumor-triggered controlled drug release. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The current work report on the design and development of a smart nanoplatform responsive to a magnetic field to administer both hyperthermia and pH-dependent anticancer drug release for the synergistic anticancer treatment. The iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) incorporated nanofiber matrix was developed by electrospinning a biocompatible polymer, poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), and tumor-triggered anticancer drug delivery is realized by surface functionalization using 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine (dopamine) to conjugate the boratecontaining anticancer drug bortezomib through a catechol metal binding in a pH-sensitive manner. This implantable magnetic nanofiber device can be exploited to apply hyperthermia with an alternating magnetic field and to achieve cancer cell-specific drug release to enable synergistic cancer therapy, which results in an improvement in both quality of life and patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Afeesh Rajan Unnithan
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea; Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeo-Heung Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States
| | - Chan Hee Park
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea; Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheol Sang Kim
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea; Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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Subramanian M, Miaskowski A, Pearce G, Dobson J. A coil system for real-time magnetic fluid hyperthermia microscopy studies. Int J Hyperthermia 2015; 32:112-20. [PMID: 26670862 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2015.1104732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We describe the design and application of a new apparatus for applying Radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields to cells in culture on a microscope stage. This new design enables real-time studies of the actuation of magnetic nanoparticles bound to membrane receptors or internalised within cells together with the study of magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH)-associated effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS RF coils were fabricated and electromagnetic simulations were performed along with compatibility evaluations and calorimetric experiments using this apparatus at discreet frequencies between 100 kHz and 1 MHz. Cell killing via MFH was investigated in a neuroblastoma tumour cell line. RESULTS Simulations and evaluations showed that the field intensity and homogeneity experienced by the cells within the chamber is best with a planar coil configuration. The incubation chamber was suitable for cell culture and the design was compatible with mountings on different makes of microscopes as it mimics a standard 96/24/6 tissue-culture well plate. Successful calorimetric and MFH cytotoxicity proof-of-principle experiments were performed and are presented. CONCLUSIONS We conclude from these experiments that alternating magnetic field (AMF)-mediated activation and magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) research will benefit from this RF coil that fits inside an incubation chamber, mounted onto a microscope. This new design could be used to assist real-time MFH studies in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendran Subramanian
- a Biomedical Engineering Research and Development, nanoTherics Ltd, Keele University Science Park , Keele , UK
| | - Arkadiusz Miaskowski
- b Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science , University of Life Sciences , Lublin , Poland
| | - Gillian Pearce
- c Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University , Keele , UK , and
| | - Jon Dobson
- d J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Material Science and Engineering , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida , USA
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22
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Chiang YW, Hu YY, Li JN, Huang SH, Kuo SW. Trilayered Single Crystals with Epitaxial Growth in Poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(l-lactide) Thin Films. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Wan Chiang
- Department
of Materials and
Optoelectronic Science, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - You-Yuan Hu
- Department
of Materials and
Optoelectronic Science, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Ning Li
- Department
of Materials and
Optoelectronic Science, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Huang
- Department
of Materials and
Optoelectronic Science, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department
of Materials and
Optoelectronic Science, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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23
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Hakkou K, Bueno-Martínez M, Molina-Pinilla I, Galbis JA. Degradable poly(ester triazole)s based on renewable resources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Hakkou
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica. Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad de Sevilla; 41012 Sevilla Spain
| | - Manuel Bueno-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica. Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad de Sevilla; 41012 Sevilla Spain
| | - Inmaculada Molina-Pinilla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica. Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad de Sevilla; 41012 Sevilla Spain
| | - Juan A. Galbis
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica. Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad de Sevilla; 41012 Sevilla Spain
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24
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Ni'mah H, Woo EM. Effects of Glycine-Based Ionic Liquid on Spherulite Morphology of Poly(l-Lactide). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hikmatun Ni'mah
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Industrial Technology; Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology; Kampus ITS Sukolilo; Surabaya East Java 60111 Indonesia
| | - Eamor M. Woo
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan 70101 Taiwan
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25
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Oliveira MF, Suarez D, Rocha JCB, de Carvalho Teixeira AVN, Cortés ME, De Sousa FB, Sinisterra RD. Electrospun nanofibers of polyCD/PMAA polymers and their potential application as drug delivery system. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 54:252-61. [PMID: 26046289 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we used an electrospinning process to develop highly efficacious and hydrophobic coaxial nanofibers based on poly-cyclodextrin (polyCD) associated with poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) that combines polymeric and supramolecular features for modulating the release of the hydrophilic drug, propranolol hydrochloride (PROP). For this purpose, polyCD was synthesized and characterized, and its biocompatibility was assessed using fibroblast cytotoxicity tests. Moreover, the interactions between the guest PROP molecule and both polyCD and βCD were found to be spontaneous. Subsequently, PROP was encapsulated in uniaxial and coaxial polyCD/PMAA nanofibers. A lower PROP burst effect (reduction of approximately 50%) and higher modulation were observed from the coaxial than from the uniaxial fibers. Thus, the coaxial nanofibers could potentially be a useful strategy for developing a controlled release system for hydrophilic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele F Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 MG, Brazil
| | - Diego Suarez
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 MG, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cézar Barbosa Rocha
- Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, 36570-000 MG, Brazil
| | | | - Maria E Cortés
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 MG, Brazil
| | - Frederico B De Sousa
- Instituto de Física e Química, Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI), Itajubá, 37500-903 MG, Brazil.
| | - Rubén D Sinisterra
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 MG, Brazil
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Li S, Moosa BA, Chen Y, Li W, Khashab NM. A photo-tunable membrane based on inter-particle crosslinking for decreasing diffusion rates. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:1208-1216. [PMID: 32264472 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01495b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Functional polymeric membranes are widely used to adjust and control the diffusion of molecules. Herein, photosensitive poly(hydroxycinnamic acid) (PHCA) microspheres, which were fabricated by an emulsification solvent-evaporation method, were embedded into an ethyl cellulose matrix to fabricate composite membranes with a photo-tunable property. The photoreaction of PHCA is based on the [2 + 2] cycloaddition of cinnamic moieties upon irradiation with 365 nm light. Intra-particle crosslinking in PHCA microspheres was confirmed in the solution phase, while inter-particle crosslinking between adjacent PHCA microspheres dominated the solid membrane phase. The inter-particle crosslinking turned down the permeability of the composite membranes by 74%. To prove the applicability of the designed system, the composite membrane was coated on a model drug reservoir tablet. Upon irradiating the tablet with UV light, the original permeability decreased by 57%, and consequently the diffusion rate of the cargo (Rhodamine B) from the tablet slowed down. Most importantly, the tablet showed sustained release for over 10 days. This controllability can be further tuned by adjusting the membrane thickness. Composite membranes showed excellent processing reproducibility together with consistent mechanical properties. These results demonstrate that the incorporation of photosensitive PHCA microspheres in polymeric membranes provides a promising photo-tunable material for different applications including coating and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- Controlled Release and Delivery Laboratory (CRD), Center of Membrane and Porous Materials, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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27
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Savva I, Marinica O, Papatryfonos CA, Vekas L, Krasia-Christoforou T. Evaluation of electrospun polymer–Fe3O4nanocomposite mats in malachite green adsorption. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16938g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetoactive polymer-based electrospun fibers containing Fe3O4nanoparticles, were successfully employed as adsorbents for malachite green oxalate in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Savva
- University of Cyprus
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
- Nicosia
- Cyprus
| | - Oana Marinica
- Research Center for Engineering of Systems with Complex Fluids
- Politehnica University of Timisoara
- Timisoara
- Romania
- Faculty of Physics
| | | | - Ladislau Vekas
- Center for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research
- Romania Academy
- Timisoara Branch
- Timisoara
- Romania
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28
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Haryanto, Singh D, Han SS, Son JH, Kim SC. Poly(ethylene glycol) dicarboxylate/poly(ethylene oxide) hydrogel film co-crosslinked by electron beam irradiation as an anti-adhesion barrier. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 46:195-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Xie L, Xu H, Niu B, Ji X, Chen J, Li ZM, Hsiao BS, Zhong GJ. Unprecedented Access to Strong and Ductile Poly(lactic acid) by Introducing In Situ Nanofibrillar Poly(butylene succinate) for Green Packaging. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:4054-64. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5010993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xie
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Xu
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ben Niu
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Ji
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Benjamin S. Hsiao
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Gan-Ji Zhong
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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