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Wang Y, Wang L, Wang Z, Xue B, Peng Q, Hu R, Yan T. Recent advances in research in the rumen bloat of ruminant animals fed high-concentrate diets. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1142965. [PMID: 37035805 PMCID: PMC10076780 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1142965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rumen bloat is the most common digestive disorder in fattening ruminants, which is responsible for around 2-3 % of deaths in the ruminants industry and is therefore considered to be a serious threat to ruminant farming. The root cause of rumen bloat caused by feeding high concentrate dies would be attributed to the production of a large amount of stable foam during the fattening period. The exact mechanism of rumen foam formation has yet to be investigated. Proteins, polysaccharides and carboxylates derived from feed, and synthesized by microbes during the rumen fermentation may act as foaming agents or stabilizers in the formation progress of rumen foam. Supplementation of condensed tannins and other additives can be an effective way to prevent feedlot bloat induced by feeding high concentrate diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusu Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bai Xue
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianhai Yan
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Analysis Laboratory, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, United Kingdom
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Gänz N, Becher T, Drusch S, Titze J. Interaction of proteins and amino acids with iso-α-acids during wort preparation in the brewhouse. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis paper investigates the binding behavior of iso-α-acids from hops on free wort amino acids and proteins concerning the wort production process in breweries. The studies were carried out with different amino acids, bovine serum albumin and wort. To identify the nature of reaction between iso-α-acids and these substances, analyses of free amino nitrogen, HPLC and isothermal titration calorimetry were performed. According to the results, the iso-α-acids do not form covalent bonds with free amino acids of wort. However, iso-α-acids, especially isohumulone and isoadhumulone, form ionic bonds with wort proteins. A distinction must be made between proteins that are present in the hot trub, and those that are still dissolved in the hot wort. Proteins that are already coagulated and precipitated no longer react with iso-α-acids. Future experiments will investigate whether the established ionic bonds between iso-α-acids and proteins from the wort preparation process are maintained during fermentation until the finished beer or beer foam. If this is the case, which is induced by the experiments, there is a measurable loss of iso-α-acids in the hot wort, but at the same time, a gain for the later beer foam retention, as the iso-α-acids will stabilize it.
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Lu Y, Bergenståhl B. Condensation of iso-humulone in solution and at hydrophobic surfaces. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.126102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lu Y, Osmark P, Bergenståhl B, Nilsson L. Vesicular structures formed from barley wort proteins and iso-humulone. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhao Y, Cieplak M. Proteins at curved fluid-fluid interfaces in a coarse-grained model. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:404003. [PMID: 32434179 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab94f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We employ an empirical coarse-grained model with a proposed Gaussian-like interfacial potential to describe proteins at curved fluid-fluid interfaces such as occurring in bubbles and droplets. We consider the air-water and oil-water interfaces. We study the mass distributions and the geometry of the aqueous proteins as a function of the radius of curvature for protein G and two lipid transfer proteins. At curved interfaces the distortion of the proteins is different than at flat interfaces. We find that the proteins come closer to the surface of a bubble than to the surface of similarly curved droplet. In addition, the bubbles adsorb more proteins. We identify the pinning residues. We demonstrate the existence of the second layer in the density profile for sufficiently dense solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Zhao
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marek Cieplak
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
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Lu Y, Bergenståhl B, Nilsson L. Interfacial properties and interaction between beer wort protein fractions and iso-humulone. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Alghamdi HA, Campbell LJ, Euston SR. Molecular dynamics simulation of the adsorption of mung bean defensin VrD1 to a phospholipid bilayer. FOOD STRUCTURE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foostr.2019.100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Molecular simulation of protein adsorption and conformation at gas-liquid, liquid–liquid and solid–liquid interfaces. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Dongmo Foumthuim CJ, Corazza A, Esposito G, Fogolari F. Molecular dynamics simulations of β2-microglobulin interaction with hydrophobic surfaces. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2018; 13:2625-2637. [PMID: 29051937 DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00464h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic surfaces are known to adsorb and unfold proteins, a process that has been studied only for a few proteins. Here we address the interaction of β2-microglobulin, a paradigmatic protein for the study of amyloidogenesis, with hydrophobic surfaces. A system with 27 copies of the protein surrounded by a model cubic hydrophobic box is studied by implicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations. Most proteins adsorb on the walls of the box without major distortions in local geometry, whereas free molecules maintain proper structures and fluctuations as observed in explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations. The major conclusions from the simulations are as follows: (i) the adopted implicit solvent model is adequate to describe protein dynamics and thermodynamics; (ii) adsorption occurs readily and is irreversible on the simulated timescale; (iii) the regions most involved in molecular encounters and stable interactions with the walls are the same as those that are important in protein-protein and protein-nanoparticle interactions; (iv) unfolding following adsorption occurs at regions found to be flexible by both experiments and simulations; (v) thermodynamic analysis suggests a very large contribution from van der Waals interactions, whereas unfavorable electrostatic interactions are not found to contribute much to adsorption energy. Surfaces with different degrees of hydrophobicity may occur in vivo. Our simulations show that adsorption is a fast and irreversible process which is accompanied by partial unfolding. The results and the thermodynamic analysis presented here are consistent with and rationalize previous experimental work.
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Ting PL, Ryder DS. The Bitter, Twisted Truth of the Hop: 50 Years of Hop Chemistry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2017-3638-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Siebert KJ. Recent Discoveries in Beer Foam. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2014-0319-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zhao Y, Cieplak M. Structural Changes in Barley Protein LTP1 Isoforms at Air-Water Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:4769-4780. [PMID: 28457129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We use a coarse-grained model to study the conformational changes in two barley proteins, LTP1 and its ligand adduct isoform LTP1b, that result from their adsorption to the air-water interface. The model introduces the interface through hydropathy indices. We justify the model by all-atom simulations. The choice of the proteins is motivated by making attempts to understand formation and stability of foam in beer. We demonstrate that both proteins flatten out at the interface and can make a continuous stabilizing and denser film. We show that the degree of the flattening depends on the protein (the layers of LTP1b should be denser than those of LTP1) and on the presence of glycation. It also depends on the number (≤4) of the disulfide bonds in the proteins. The geometry of the proteins is sensitive to the specificity of the absent bonds. We provide estimates of the volume of cavities of the proteins when away from the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Zhao
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences , Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Cieplak
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences , Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
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Topological transformations in proteins: effects of heating and proximity of an interface. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39851. [PMID: 28051124 PMCID: PMC5209716 DOI: 10.1038/srep39851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a structure-based coarse-grained model of proteins, we study the mechanism of unfolding of knotted proteins through heating. We find that the dominant mechanisms of unfolding depend on the temperature applied and are generally distinct from those identified for folding at its optimal temperature. In particular, for shallowly knotted proteins, folding usually involves formation of two loops whereas unfolding through high-temperature heating is dominated by untying of single loops. Untying the knots is found to generally precede unfolding unless the protein is deeply knotted and the heating temperature exceeds a threshold value. We then use a phenomenological model of the air-water interface to show that such an interface can untie shallow knots, but it can also make knots in proteins that are natively unknotted.
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Ferreira RJ, Ferreira MJU, dos Santos DJVA. Do adsorbed drugs onto P-glycoprotein influence its efflux capability? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:22023-34. [PMID: 26235302 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03216d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The membrane biophysical aspects by which multidrug resistance (MDR) relate to the ABC transporter function still remain largely unknown. Notwithstanding the central role that efflux pumps like P-glycoprotein have in MDR onset, experimental studies classified additionally the lipid micro-environment where P-gp is inserted as a determinant for the increased efflux capability demonstrated in MDR cell lines. Recently, a nonlinear model for drug-membrane interactions showed that, upon drug adsorption, long-range mechanical alterations are predicted to affect the P-gp ATPase function at external drug concentrations of ∼10-100 μM. However, our results also show that drug adsorption may also occur at P-gp nucleotide-binding domains where conformational changes drive the efflux cycle. Thus, we assessed the effect of drug adsorption to both protein-water and lipid-water interfaces by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that free energies of adsorption are lower for modulators in both lipid/water and protein/water interfaces. Important differences in drug-protein interactions, protein dynamics and membrane biophysical characteristics were observed between the different classes. Therefore, we hypothesize that drug adsorption to the protein and lipid-water interface accounts for a complex network of events that affect the ability of transporters to efflux drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J Ferreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.Ulisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Euston SR. Molecular simulation of adsorption of hydrophobin HFBI to the air–water, DPPC–water and decane–water interfaces. Food Hydrocoll 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cheung DL. Molecular simulation of hydrophobin adsorption at an oil-water interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:8730-8736. [PMID: 22591377 DOI: 10.1021/la300777q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobins are small, amphiphilic proteins expressed by strains of filamentous fungi. They fulfill a number of biological functions, often related to adsorption at hydrophobic interfaces, and have been investigated for a number of applications in materials science and biotechnology. In order to understand the biological function and applications of these proteins, a microscopic picture of the adsorption of these proteins at interfaces is needed. Using molecular dynamics simulations with a chemically detailed coarse-grained potential, the behavior of typical hydrophobins at the water-octane interface is studied. Calculation of the interfacial adsorption strengths indicates that the adsorption is essentially irreversible, with adsorption strengths of the order of 100 k(B)T (comparable to values determined for synthetic nanoparticles but significantly larger than small molecule surfactants and biomolecules). The protein structure at the interface is unchanged at the interface, which is consistent with the biological function of these proteins. Comparison of native proteins with pseudoproteins that consist of uniform particles shows that the surface structure of these proteins has a large effect on the interfacial adsorption strengths, as does the flexibility of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Computing, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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Protein Adsorption on Biomaterial and Nanomaterial Surfaces: A Molecular Modeling Approach to Study Non-Covalent Interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.5301/jabb.2010.6093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Euston SR. Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Protein Adsorption at Fluid Interfaces: A Comparison of All-Atom and Coarse-Grained Models. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:2781-7. [DOI: 10.1021/bm100857k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R. Euston
- School of Life Sciences and International Centre for Brewing and Distilling, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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