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Mishra S, Perkovich PM, Mitchell WP, Venkataraman M, Pfleger BF. Expanding the synthetic biology toolbox of Cupriavidus necator for establishing fatty acid production. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 51:kuae008. [PMID: 38366943 PMCID: PMC10926325 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The Gram-negative betaproteobacterium Cupriavidus necator is a chemolithotroph that can convert carbon dioxide into biomass. Cupriavidus necator has been engineered to produce a variety of high-value chemicals in the past. However, there is still a lack of a well-characterized toolbox for gene expression and genome engineering. Development and optimization of biosynthetic pathways in metabolically engineered microorganisms necessitates control of gene expression via functional genetic elements such as promoters, ribosome binding sites (RBSs), and codon optimization. In this work, a set of inducible and constitutive promoters were validated and characterized in C. necator, and a library of RBSs was designed and tested to show a 50-fold range of expression for green fluorescent protein (gfp). The effect of codon optimization on gene expression in C. necator was studied by expressing gfp and mCherry genes with varied codon-adaptation indices and was validated by expressing codon-optimized variants of a C12-specific fatty acid thioesterase to produce dodecanoic acid. We discuss further hurdles that will need to be overcome for C. necator to be widely used for biosynthetic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Mishra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Paul M Perkovich
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Maya Venkataraman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Brian F Pfleger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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2
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Choi SY, Lee Y, Yu HE, Cho IJ, Kang M, Lee SY. Sustainable production and degradation of plastics using microbes. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:2253-2276. [PMID: 38030909 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are indispensable in everyday life and industry, but the environmental impact of plastic waste on ecosystems and human health is a huge concern. Microbial biotechnology offers sustainable routes to plastic production and waste management. Bacteria and fungi can produce plastics, as well as their constituent monomers, from renewable biomass, such as crops, agricultural residues, wood and organic waste. Bacteria and fungi can also degrade plastics. We review state-of-the-art microbial technologies for sustainable production and degradation of bio-based plastics and highlight the potential contributions of microorganisms to a circular economy for plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Choi
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- BioProcess Engineering Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoon Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- BioProcess Engineering Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Eun Yu
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jin Cho
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- BioProcess Engineering Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Kang
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- KAIST Institute for BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- BioProcess Engineering Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- BioInformatics Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Engineering Biology, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Li M, Li W, Zhang T, Guo K, Feng D, Liang F, Xu C, Xian M, Zou H. De Novo Synthesis of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxypropionate) from Oil by Engineered Cupriavidus necator. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040446. [PMID: 37106633 PMCID: PMC10135886 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxypropionate) [P(3HB-co-3HP)] is a biodegradable and biocompatible polyester with improved and expanded material properties compared with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). This study engineered a robust malonyl-CoA pathway in Cupriavidus necator for the efficient supply of a 3HP monomer, and could achieve the production of [P(3HB-co-3HP)] from variable oil substrates. Flask level experiments followed by product purification and characterization found the optimal fermentation condition (soybean oil as carbon source, 0.5 g/L arabinose as induction level) in general consideration of the PHA content, PHA titer and 3HP molar fraction. A 5 L fed-batch fermentation (72 h) further increased the dry cell weight (DCW) to 6.08 g/L, the titer of [P(3HB-co-3HP)] to 3.11 g/L and the 3HP molar fraction to 32.25%. Further improving the 3HP molar fraction by increasing arabinose induction failed as the engineered malonyl-CoA pathway was not properly expressed under the high-level induction condition. With several promising advantages (broader range of economic oil substrates, no need for expensive supplementations such as alanine and VB12), this study indicated a candidate route for the industrial level production of [P(3HB-co-3HP)]. For future prospects, further studies are needed to further improve the strain and the fermentation process and expand the range of relative products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Keyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Dexin Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Fengbing Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Chao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Huibin Zou
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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Min Song H, Chan Joo J, Hyun Lim S, Jin Lim H, Lee S, Jae Park S. Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates containing monomers conferring amorphous and elastomeric properties from renewable resources: Current status and future perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 366:128114. [PMID: 36283671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Petrochemical-based plastics cause environmental pollution and threaten humans and ecosystems. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is considered a promising alternative to nondegradable plastics since it is eco-friendly and biodegradable polymer having similar properties to conventional plastics. PHA's material properties are generally determined by composition and type of monomers in PHA. PHA can be designed in tailor-made manner for their suitable application areas. Among many monomers in PHAs, ω-hydroxalkanoates such as 3-hydroxypropionate (3HP), 4-hydroxybutyrate (4HB), 5-hydroxyvalerate (5HV), and 6-hydroxyhexanoate (6HHx) and medium-chain-length 3-hydroxyalkanoate such as 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx) and 4-hydroxyvalerate (4HV), have been examined as potential monomers able to confer amorphous and elastomer properties when these are incorporated as comonomer in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) copolymer that has 3HB as main monomer along with comonomers in different monomer fraction. Herein, recent advances in production of PHAs designed to have amorphous and elastomeric properties from renewable sources such as lignocellulose, levulinic acid, crude glycerol, and waste oil are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Min Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Chan Joo
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Siseon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Jae Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Co-expression of an isopropanol synthetic operon and eGFP to monitor the robustness of Cupriavidus necator during isopropanol production. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 161:110114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Biopolymer production in microbiology by application of metabolic engineering. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Boy C, Lesage J, Alfenore S, Guillouet SE, Gorret N. Study of plasmid-based expression level heterogeneity under plasmid-curing like conditions in Cupriavidus necator. J Biotechnol 2022; 345:17-29. [PMID: 34995560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Plasmid expression level heterogeneity in Cupriavidus necator was studied in response to stringent culture conditions, supposed to enhance plasmid instability, through plasmid curing strategies. Two plasmid curing strategies were compared based on their efficiency at generating heterogeneity in batch: rifampicin addition and temperature increase. A temperature increase from 30° to 37 °C was the most efficient plasmid curing strategy. To generate a heterogeneous population in terms of plasmid expression levels, successive batches at supra-optimal culture temperature (i.e. 37 °C) were initially conducted. Three distinct fluorescent subpopulations P0 (not fluorescent), P1 (low fluorescence intensity, median = 1 103) and P2 (high fluorescence intensity, median = 6 103) were obtained. From there, the chemostat culture was implemented to study the long-term stress response under well-controlled environment at defined dilution rates. For dilution rates comprised between 0.05 and 0.10 h-1, the subpopulation P2 (62% vs 90%) was favored compared to P1 cells (54% vs 1%), especially when growth rate increased. Our biosensor was efficient at discriminating subpopulation presenting different expression levels under stringent culture conditions. Plus, we showed that controlling growth kinetics had a stabilizing impact on plasmid expression levels, even under heterogeneous expression conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Boy
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Lesage
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Gorret
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France.
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8
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McGregor C, Minton NP, Kovács K. Biosynthesis of Poly(3HB- co-3HP) with Variable Monomer Composition in Recombinant Cupriavidus necator H16. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:3343-3352. [PMID: 34762808 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates are attractive alternatives to traditional plastics. However, although polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is produced in large quantities by Cupriavidus necator H16, its properties are far from ideal for the manufacture of plastic products. These properties may be improved through its coproduction with 3-hydroxypropionate (3HP), which leads to the formation of the copolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxypropionate) (poly(3HB-co-3HP). To achieve this, a pathway was designed to enable C. necator H16 to convert β-alanine to 3HP. The initial low levels of incorporation of 3HP into the copolymer were overcome by the overproduction of the native propionyl-CoA transferase together with PHA synthase from Chromobacterium sp. USM2. Following optimization of 3HP incorporation into the copolymer, the molar fraction of 3HP could be controlled by cultivation in medium containing different concentrations of β-alanine. Between 0 and 80 mol % 3HP could be achieved. Further supplementation with 2 mM cysteine increased the maximum 3HP molar fraction to 89%. Additionally, the effect of deletions of the phaA and phaB1 genes of the phaCAB operon on 3HP molar fraction were investigated. A phaAB1 double knockout resulted in a copolymer containing 91 mol % 3HP without the need for cysteine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum McGregor
- BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Nigel P. Minton
- BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Katalin Kovács
- BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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9
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Pan H, Wang J, Wu H, Li Z, Lian J. Synthetic biology toolkit for engineering Cupriviadus necator H16 as a platform for CO 2 valorization. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:212. [PMID: 34736496 PMCID: PMC8570001 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CO2 valorization is one of the effective methods to solve current environmental and energy problems, in which microbial electrosynthesis (MES) system has proved feasible and efficient. Cupriviadus necator (Ralstonia eutropha) H16, a model chemolithoautotroph, is a microbe of choice for CO2 conversion, especially with the ability to be employed in MES due to the presence of genes encoding [NiFe]-hydrogenases and all the Calvin-Benson-Basham cycle enzymes. The CO2 valorization strategy will make sense because the required hydrogen can be produced from renewable electricity independently of fossil fuels. MAIN BODY In this review, synthetic biology toolkit for C. necator H16, including genetic engineering vectors, heterologous gene expression elements, platform strain and genome engineering, and transformation strategies, is firstly summarized. Then, the review discusses how to apply these tools to make C. necator H16 an efficient cell factory for converting CO2 to value-added products, with the examples of alcohols, fatty acids, and terpenoids. The review is concluded with the limitation of current genetic tools and perspectives on the development of more efficient and convenient methods as well as the extensive applications of C. necator H16. CONCLUSIONS Great progress has been made on genetic engineering toolkit and synthetic biology applications of C. necator H16. Nevertheless, more efforts are expected in the near future to engineer C. necator H16 as efficient cell factories for the conversion of CO2 to value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Haoliang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhongjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jiazhang Lian
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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10
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Aduhene AG, Cui H, Yang H, Liu C, Sui G, Liu C. Poly(3-hydroxypropionate): Biosynthesis Pathways and Malonyl-CoA Biosensor Material Properties. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:646995. [PMID: 33748091 PMCID: PMC7978226 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.646995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Many single-use non-degradable plastics are a threat to life today, and several polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) biopolymers have been developed in the bioplastic industry to place petrochemical-based plastics. One of such is the novel biomaterial poly(3-hydroxypropionate) [poly(3HP)] because of its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and high yield synthesis using engineered strains. To date, many bio-polymer-based functional composites have been developed to increase the value of raw microbial-biopolymers obtained from cheap sources. This review article broadly covers poly(3HP), a comprehensive summary of critical biosynthetic production pathways comparing the yields and titers achieved in different Microbial cell Factories. This article also provides extensive knowledge and highlights recent progress on biosensors' use to optimize poly(3HP) production, some bacteria host adopted for production, chemical and physical properties, life cycle assessment for poly(3HP) production using corn oil as carbon source, and some essential medical applications of poly(3HP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gyapong Aduhene
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongliang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyi Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Chengwei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangchao Sui
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Changli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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11
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Choi SY, Cho IJ, Lee Y, Kim YJ, Kim KJ, Lee SY. Microbial Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Nonnatural Polyesters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907138. [PMID: 32249983 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms produce diverse polymers for various purposes such as storing genetic information, energy, and reducing power, and serving as structural materials and scaffolds. Among these polymers, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are microbial polyesters synthesized and accumulated intracellularly as a storage material of carbon, energy, and reducing power under unfavorable growth conditions in the presence of excess carbon source. PHAs have attracted considerable attention for their wide range of applications in industrial and medical fields. Since the first discovery of PHA accumulating bacteria about 100 years ago, remarkable advances have been made in the understanding of PHA biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of microorganisms toward developing efficient PHA producers. Recently, nonnatural polyesters have also been synthesized by metabolically engineered microorganisms, which opened a new avenue toward sustainable production of more diverse plastics. Herein, the current state of PHAs and nonnatural polyesters is reviewed, covering mechanisms of microbial polyester biosynthesis, metabolic pathways, and enzymes involved in biosynthesis of short-chain-length PHAs, medium-chain-length PHAs, and nonnatural polyesters, especially 2-hydroxyacid-containing polyesters, metabolic engineering strategies to produce novel polymers and enhance production capabilities and fermentation, and downstream processing strategies for cost-effective production of these microbial polyesters. In addition, the applications of PHAs and prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Choi
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jin Cho
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoon Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jin Kim
- School of Life Sciences (KNU Creative BioResearch Group), KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Kim
- School of Life Sciences (KNU Creative BioResearch Group), KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory, Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- BioProcess Engineering Research Center and Bioinformatics Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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12
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Pander B, Mortimer Z, Woods C, McGregor C, Dempster A, Thomas L, Maliepaard J, Mansfield R, Rowe P, Krabben P. Hydrogen oxidising bacteria for production of single‐cell protein and other food and feed ingredients. ENGINEERING BIOLOGY 2020; 4:21-24. [PMID: 36970394 PMCID: PMC9996702 DOI: 10.1049/enb.2020.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Using hydrogen oxidising bacteria to produce protein and other food and feed ingredients is a form of industrial biotechnology that is gaining traction. The technology fixes carbon dioxide into products without the light requirements of agriculture and biotech that rely on primary producers such as plants and algae while promising higher growth rates, drastically less land, fresh water, and mineral requirements. The significant body of scientific knowledge on hydrogen oxidising bacteria continues to grow and genetic engineering tools are well developed for specific species. The scale-up success of other types of gas- fermentation using carbon monoxide or methane has paved the way for scale-up of a process that uses a mix of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to produce bacteria as a food and feed ingredients in a highly sustainable fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahara Mortimer
- School of Lifesciences University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Craig Woods
- Deep Branch Biotechnology Ltd Nottingham UK
- School of Lifesciences University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Callum McGregor
- Deep Branch Biotechnology Ltd Nottingham UK
- School of Lifesciences University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Andrew Dempster
- School of Lifesciences University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | | | - Joshua Maliepaard
- Deep Branch Biotechnology Ltd Nottingham UK
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research University of Leiden Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Robert Mansfield
- Deep Branch Biotechnology Ltd Nottingham UK
- School of Lifesciences University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Peter Rowe
- Deep Branch Biotechnology Ltd Nottingham UK
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13
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Plasmid expression level heterogeneity monitoring via heterologous eGFP production at the single-cell level in Cupriavidus necator. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5899-5914. [PMID: 32358761 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10616-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A methodology for plasmid expression level monitoring of eGFP expression suitable for dynamic processes was assessed during fermentation. This technique was based on the expression of a fluorescent biosensor (eGFP) encoded on a recombinant plasmid coupled to single-cell analysis. Fluorescence intensity at single-cell level was measured by flow cytometry. We demonstrated that promoter evaluation based on single-cell analysis versus classic global analysis brings valuable insights. Single-cell analysis pointed out the fact that intrinsic fluorescence increased with the strength of the promoter up to a threshold. Beyond that, cell permeability increases to excrete the fluorescent protein in the medium. The metabolic load due to the increase in the eGFP production in the case of strong constitutive promoters leads to slower growth kinetics compared with plasmid-free cells. With the strain Cupriavidus necator Re2133, growth rate losses were measured from 3% with the weak constitutive promoter Plac to 56% with the strong constitutive promoter Pj5. Through this work, it seems crucial to find a compromise between the fluorescence intensity in single cells and the metabolic load; in our conditions, the best compromise found was the weak promoter Plac. The plasmid expression level monitoring method was tested in the presence of a heterogeneous population induced by plasmid-curing methods. For all the identified subpopulations, the plasmid expression level heterogeneity was significantly detected at the level of fluorescence intensity in single cells. After cell sorting, growth rate and cultivability were assessed for each subpopulation. In conclusion, this eGFP biosensor makes it possible to follow the variations in the level of plasmid expression under conditions of population heterogeneity.Key Points•Development of a plasmid expression level monitoring method at the single-cell level by flow cytometry.•Promoter evaluation by single-cell analysis: cell heterogeneity and strain robustness.•Reporter system optimization for efficient subpopulation detection in pure cultures.
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Arenas-López C, Locker J, Orol D, Walter F, Busche T, Kalinowski J, Minton NP, Kovács K, Winzer K. The genetic basis of 3-hydroxypropanoate metabolism in Cupriavidus necator H16. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:150. [PMID: 31236137 PMCID: PMC6572756 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1489-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is a promising platform chemical with various industrial applications. Several metabolic routes to produce 3-HP from organic substrates such as sugars or glycerol have been implemented in yeast, enterobacterial species and other microorganisms. In this study, the native 3-HP metabolism of Cupriavidus necator was investigated and manipulated as it represents a promising chassis for the production of 3-HP and other fatty acid derivatives from CO2 and H2. RESULTS When testing C. necator for its tolerance towards 3-HP, it was noted that it could utilise the compound as the sole source of carbon and energy, a highly undesirable trait in the context of biological 3-HP production which required elimination. Inactivation of the methylcitrate pathway needed for propionate utilisation did not affect the organism's ability to grow on 3-HP. Putative genes involved in 3-HP degradation were identified by bioinformatics means and confirmed by transcriptomic analyses, the latter revealing considerably increased expression in the presence of 3-HP. Genes identified in this manner encoded three putative (methyl)malonate semialdehyde dehydrogenases (mmsA1, mmsA2 and mmsA3) and two putative dehydrogenases (hpdH and hbdH). These genes, which are part of three separate mmsA operons, were inactivated through deletion of the entire coding region, either singly or in various combinations, to engineer strains unable to grow on 3-HP. Whilst inactivation of single genes or double deletions could only delay but not abolish growth, a triple ∆mmsA1∆mmsA2∆mmsA3 knock-out strain was unable utilise 3-HP as the sole source of carbon and energy. Under the used conditions this strain was also unable to co-metabolise 3-HP alongside other carbon and energy sources such as fructose and CO2/H2. Further analysis suggested primary roles for the different mmsA operons in the utilisation of β-alanine generating substrates (mmsA1), degradation of 3-HP (mmsA2), and breakdown of valine (mmsA3). CONCLUSIONS Three different (methyl)malonate semialdehyde dehydrogenases contribute to 3-HP breakdown in C. necator H16. The created triple ∆mmsA1∆mmsA2∆mmsA3 knock-out strain represents an ideal chassis for autotrophic 3-HP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Arenas-López
- BBSRC/EPSCR Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SBRC), School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Jessica Locker
- BBSRC/EPSCR Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SBRC), School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Diego Orol
- BBSRC/EPSCR Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SBRC), School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Frederik Walter
- BBSRC/EPSCR Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SBRC), School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Tobias Busche
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nigel P. Minton
- BBSRC/EPSCR Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SBRC), School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Katalin Kovács
- BBSRC/EPSCR Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SBRC), School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Klaus Winzer
- BBSRC/EPSCR Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SBRC), School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
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Crépin L, Barthe M, Leray F, Guillouet SE. Alka(e)ne synthesis in
Cupriavidus necator
boosted by the expression of endogenous and heterologous ferredoxin–ferredoxin reductase systems. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2576-2584. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Crépin
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSAToulouse France
| | - Manon Barthe
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSAToulouse France
| | - Florence Leray
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSAToulouse France
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Expanding the genetic tool box for Cupriavidus necator by a stabilized L-rhamnose inducible plasmid system. J Biotechnol 2017; 263:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Aziz NA, Huong KH, Sipaut CS, Amirul AA. A fed-batch strategy to produce high poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) terpolymer yield with enhanced mechanical properties in bioreactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 40:1643-1656. [PMID: 28762009 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study reports an efficient fed-batch strategy to improve poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB-co-3HV-co-4HB)] terpolymer production by Cupriavidus sp. USMAA2-4 with enhanced mechanical properties in bioreactor. The cultivations have been performed by combining oleic acid with γ-butyrolactone at different concentration ratios with 1-pentanol at a fixed concentration. The batch and fed-batch fermentations have resulted in P(3HB-co-3HV-co-4HB) with compositions of 9-35 mol% 3HV and 4-24 mol% 4HB monomers. The DO-stat fed-batch fermentation strategies have significantly improved the production with a maximum 4.4-fold increment of cell dry weight (CDW). Besides, appropriate feeding of the substrates has resulted in an increment of terpolymer productivity from 0.086-0.347 g/L/h, with a significantly shortened cultivation time. The bacterial growth and terpolymer formation have been found to be affected by the concentration of carbon sources supplied. Characterization of P(3HB-co-3HV-co-4HB) has demonstrated that incorporation of 3HV and 4HB monomer has significantly improved the physical and thermodynamic properties of the polymers, by reducing the polymer's crystallinity. The tensile strength, Young's modulus of the terpolymer has been discovered to increase with the increase of M w. The fed-batch fermentation strategies employed in this study have resulted in terpolymers with a range of flexible materials having improved tensile strength and Young's modulus as compared to the terpolymer produced from batch fermentation. Possession of lower melting temperature indicates an enhanced thermal stability which broadens the polymer processing window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nursolehah Abd Aziz
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kai-Hee Huong
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.,Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, MOSTI, NIBM, 11700, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Coswald Stephen Sipaut
- Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88999, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - A A Amirul
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia. .,Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, MOSTI, NIBM, 11700, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia. .,Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia.
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18
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Over expression of GroESL in Cupriavidus necator for heterotrophic and autotrophic isopropanol production. Metab Eng 2017; 42:74-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Insomphun C, Kobayashi S, Fujiki T, Numata K. Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates containing hydroxyl group from glycolate in Escherichia coli. AMB Express 2016; 6:29. [PMID: 27075993 PMCID: PMC4830785 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) containing hydroxyl groups in a side chain were produced in recombinant Escherichia coli JM109 using glycolate as the sole carbon source. The propionate-CoA transferase (pct) gene from Megasphaera elsdenii and the β-ketothiolase (bktB) gene and phaCAB operon from Ralstonia eutropha H16 were introduced into E. coli JM109. A novel monomer containing a hydroxyl group, dihydroxybutyrate (DHBA), was the expected product of the condensation of glycolyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA by BktB. The recombinant strain produced a PHA containing 1 mol% DHBA. The incorporation of DHBA may have been restricted because the expression of phaAB1 competes for acetyl-CoA. The PHA containing DHBA units were evaluated regarding thermal properties, such as melting temperature, glass transition temperature and thermal degradation temperature. The current study demonstrates a potential use of PHA containing hydroxyl groups as renewable resources in biological materials.
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David Y, Oh YH, Baylon MG, Baritugo KA, Joo JC, Chae CG, Kim YJ, Park SJ. Microbial Production of 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527807833.ch14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yokimiko David
- Myongji University; Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy; 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu Yongin Gyeonggido 449-728 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Oh
- Industrial Biochemicals Research Group, Research Center for Biobased Chemistry; Division of Convergence Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; P.O. Box 107, 141 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-600 Republic of Korea
| | - Mary Grace Baylon
- Myongji University; Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy; 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu Yongin Gyeonggido 449-728 Republic of Korea
| | - Kei-Anne Baritugo
- Myongji University; Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy; 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu Yongin Gyeonggido 449-728 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Chan Joo
- Industrial Biochemicals Research Group, Research Center for Biobased Chemistry; Division of Convergence Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; P.O. Box 107, 141 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-600 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Gi Chae
- Myongji University; Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy; 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu Yongin Gyeonggido 449-728 Republic of Korea
| | - You Jin Kim
- Myongji University; Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy; 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu Yongin Gyeonggido 449-728 Republic of Korea
| | - Si Jae Park
- Myongji University; Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy; 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu Yongin Gyeonggido 449-728 Republic of Korea
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21
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Arikawa H, Matsumoto K. Evaluation of gene expression cassettes and production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) with a fine modulated monomer composition by using it in Cupriavidus necator. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:184. [PMID: 27793142 PMCID: PMC5084369 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cupriavidus necator has attracted much attention as a platform for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and other useful materials. Therefore, an appropriate modulation of gene expression is needed for producing the desired materials effectively. However, there is insufficient information on the genetic engineering techniques required for this in C. necator. RESULTS We found that the disruption of a potential ribosome binding site (RBS) in the phaC1 gene in C. necator caused a small decrease in the PhaC1 expression level. We applied this result to finely regulate the expression of other genes. Several gene expression cassettes were constructed by combining three Escherichia coli derived promoters (PlacUV5, Ptrc and Ptrp) to the potential RBS of phaC1 or its disruptant, respectively. Their expression levels were then determined via a lacZ reporter assay in C. necator strains. The promoter strengths were both ranked similarly for the cells that were cultured with fructose or palm kernel oil as a sole carbon source (Ptrc ≥ PlacUV5 > Ptrp), both of which were much stronger than the phaC1 promoter. The disruption of RBS had minute attenuation effect on the expression level of these expression cassettes with E. coli promoters. Furthermore, they were used to finely regulate the (R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx) monomer ratio in the production of poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate] (PHBHHx) via R-specific enoyl-CoA hydratases (PhaJs). The 3HHx composition in PHBHHx is crucial because it defines the thermal and mechanical properties of the resulting plastic material. The C. necator mutant strains, whose PhaJ expression was controlled under the gene expression cassettes, could be used to produce PHBHHx with various 3HHx compositions in the same culture conditions. CONCLUSIONS We constructed and evaluated several gene expression cassettes consisting of promoters and RBSs that finely regulate transcription and translation. These were then applied to finely modulate the monomer composition in the production of PHBHHx by recombinant C. necator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Arikawa
- GP Group, Corporate R&D Planning and Administration Division, KANEKA CORPORATION, 1-8 Miyamae-Cho, Takasago-Cho, Takasago, Hyogo, 676-8688, Japan.
| | - Keiji Matsumoto
- GP Group, Corporate R&D Planning and Administration Division, KANEKA CORPORATION, 1-8 Miyamae-Cho, Takasago-Cho, Takasago, Hyogo, 676-8688, Japan
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22
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Feng X, Xian M, Liu W, Xu C, Zhang H, Zhao G. Biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxypropionate) from glycerol using engineered Klebsiella pneumoniae strain without vitamin B12. Bioengineered 2016; 6:77-81. [PMID: 25621933 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2015.1011027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxypropionate) (P3HP) is a biodegradable and biocompatible thermoplastic. Previous studies demonstrated that engineered Escherichia coli strains can produce P3HP with supplementation of expensive vitamin B12. The present study examined the production of P3HP from glycerol in the recombinant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain, which naturally synthesizes vitamin B12. The genes glycerol dehydratase and its reactivation factor (dhaB123, gdrA, and gdrB from K. pneumoniae), aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldH from E. coli) were cloned and expressed in K. pneumoniae to produce 3-hydroxypropionate (3HP), with 2 genes (dhaT and yqhD) for biosynthesis of 1,3-propanediol were deleted. To obtain P3HP production, propionyl-CoA synthetase (prpE from E. coli) and polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase (phaC from Ralstonia eutropha) were introduced. Under the appropriate aeration condition, the cell yield and P3HP content were 0.24 g/L and 12.7% (wt/wt [cell dry weight]) respectively along with 2.03 g/L 3HP after 48 h cultivation. Although the yield is relatively low, this study shows the feasibility of producing P3HP in K. pneumoniae from glycerol without vitamin B12 for the first time. The results also suggest that the aeration conditions should be optimized carefully for the efficient production of P3HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun Feng
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials; Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Qingdao , China
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23
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Volodina E, Raberg M, Steinbüchel A. Engineering the heterotrophic carbon sources utilization range of Ralstonia eutropha H16 for applications in biotechnology. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:978-991. [PMID: 26329669 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1079698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ralstonia eutropha H16 is an interesting candidate for the biotechnological production of polyesters consisting of hydroxy- and mercaptoalkanoates, and other compounds. It provides all the necessary characteristics, which are required for a biotechnological production strain. Due to its metabolic versatility, it can convert a broad range of renewable heterotrophic resources into diverse valuable compounds. High cell density fermentations of the non-pathogenic R. eutropha can be easily performed. Furthermore, this bacterium is accessible to engineering of its metabolism by genetic approaches having available a large repertoire of genetic tools. Since the complete genome sequence of R. eutropha H16 has become available, a variety of transcriptome, proteome and metabolome studies provided valuable data elucidating its complex metabolism and allowing a systematic biology approach. However, high production costs for bacterial large-scale production of biomass and biotechnologically valuable products are still an economic challenge. The application of inexpensive raw materials could significantly reduce the expenses. Therefore, the conversion of diverse substrates to polyhydroxyalkanoates by R. eutropha was steadily improved by optimization of cultivation conditions, mutagenesis and metabolic engineering. Industrial by-products and residual compounds like glycerol, and substrates containing high carbon content per weight like palm, soybean, corn oils as well as raw sugar-rich materials like molasses, starch and lignocellulose, are the most promising renewable substrates and were intensively studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Volodina
- a Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Münster , Germany and
| | - Matthias Raberg
- a Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Münster , Germany and
| | - Alexander Steinbüchel
- a Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Münster , Germany and.,b Environmental Science Department, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
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24
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Sato S, Andreeßen B, Steinbüchel A. Strain and process development for poly(3HB-co-3HP) fermentation by engineered Shimwellia blattae from glycerol. AMB Express 2015; 5:18. [PMID: 25852995 PMCID: PMC4385116 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-015-0105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybytyrate-co-3-hydroxypropionate), poly(3HB-co-3HP), is a possible alternative to synthetic polymers such as polypropylene, polystyrene and polyethylene due to its low crystallinity and fragility. We already reported that recombinant strains of Shimwellia blattae expressing 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase DhaT as well as aldehyde dehydrogenase AldD of Pseudomonas putida KT2442, propionate-CoA transferase Pct of Clostridium propionicum X2 and PHA synthase PhaC1 of Ralstonia eutropha H16 are able to accumulate up to 14.5% (wtPHA/wtCDW) of poly(3-hydroxypropionate), poly(3HP), homopolymer from glycerol as a sole carbon source (Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 98:7409-7422, 2014a). However, the cell density was rather low. In this study, we optimized the medium aiming at a more efficient PHA synthesis, and we engineered a S. blattae strain accumulating poly(3HB-co-3HP) with varying contents of the constituent 3-hydroxypropionate (3HP) depending on the cultivation conditions. Consequently, 7.12, 0.77 and 0.32 gPHA/L of poly(3HB-co-3HP) containing 2.1, 8.3 and 18.1 mol% 3HP under anaerobic/aerobic (the first 24 hours under anaerobic condition, thereafter, aerobic condition), low aeration/agitation (the minimum stirring rate required in medium mixing and small amount of aeration) and anaerobic conditions (the minimum stirring rate required in medium mixing without aeration), respectively, were synthesized from glycerol by the genetically modified S. blattae ATCC33430 strains in optimized culture medium.
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Xiao Z, Zhang Y, Xi L, Huo F, Zhao JY, Li J. Thermophilic production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by a novel Aneurinibacillus strain isolated from Gudao oilfield, China. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 55:1125-33. [PMID: 25832555 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201400843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are usually biosynthesized using mesophilic strains, but the fermentation processes often suffer from bacterial contamination. This work reports the screening of thermophilic bacteria capable of producing PHAs under elevated temperatures to reduce the contamination risk. Strain XH2 was isolated from an oilfield and identified as Aneurinibacillus sp. by morphology, physiological-biochemical characterization, and 16S rDNA phylogenetic analysis. This strain can produce PHA granules, which was detected by Nile red staining and transmission electron microscopic imaging. At 55 °C, 111.6 mg l(-1) of PHA was produced in a fermentation medium containing glucose, peptone, and yeast extract. If peptone was removed from the medium, the yield of PHA would be enhanced by 2.4 times. The main monomers of the PHA product were identified to be 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate with a molar ratio of 17.2:1 by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. Two minor homologues, 3-hydroxyoctanoate, and 3-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoate, were tentatively identified by GC-MS as well. This is the first report of thermophilic PHA bacterial producer from the Firmicutes phylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering & Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering & Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijun Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering & Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
| | - Fangfang Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering & Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing-yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering & Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering & Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
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Gruber S, Hagen J, Schwab H, Koefinger P. Reprint of “Versatile and stable vectors for efficient gene expression in Ralstonia eutropha H16”. J Biotechnol 2014; 192 Pt B:410-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Andreessen B, Taylor N, Steinbüchel A. Poly(3-hydroxypropionate): a promising alternative to fossil fuel-based materials. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:6574-82. [PMID: 25149521 PMCID: PMC4249027 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02361-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are storage compounds synthesized by numerous microorganisms and have attracted the interest of industry since they are biobased and biodegradable alternatives to fossil fuel-derived plastics. Among PHAs, poly(3-hydroxypropionate) [poly(3HP)] has outstanding material characteristics and exhibits a large variety of applications. As it is not brittle like, e.g., the best-studied PHA, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [poly(3HB)], it can be used as a plasticizer in blends to improve their properties. Furthermore, 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3HP) is considered likely to become one of the new industrial building blocks, and it can be obtained from poly(3HP) by simple hydrolysis. Unfortunately, no natural organism is known to accumulate poly(3HP) so far. Thus, several efforts have been made to engineer genetically modified organisms capable of synthesizing the homopolymer or copolymers containing 3HP. In this review, the achievements made so far in efforts to obtain biomass which has accumulated poly(3HP) or 3HP-containing copolymers, as well as the properties of these polyesters and their applications, are compiled and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Andreessen
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nicolas Taylor
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Steinbüchel
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Insomphun C, Xie H, Mifune J, Kawashima Y, Orita I, Nakamura S, Fukui T. Improved artificial pathway for biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) with high C6-monomer composition from fructose in Ralstonia eutropha. Metab Eng 2014; 27:38-45. [PMID: 25446974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Poly((R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(3HB-co-3HHx)], a flexible and practical kind of polyhydroxyalkanoates, is generally produced from plant oils and fatty acids by several wild and recombinant bacteria. This study established an improved artificial pathway for the biosynthesis of P(3HB-co-3HHx) with high 3HHx composition from structurally unrelated fructose in Ralstonia eutropha. Depression of (R)-specific reduction of acetoacetyl-CoA by the deletion of phaB1 was an effective modification for formation of the C6-monomer unit from fructose driven by crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase (Ccr). Co-overexpression of phaJ4a, which encodes medium-chain-length (R)-enoyl-CoA hydratase, with ccr promoted the incorporation of both 3HB and 3HHx units. Further introduction of emdMm, a synthetic gene encoding ethylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase derived from mouse, was remarkably effective for P(3HB-co-3HHx) biosynthesis, probably by converting ethylmalonyl-CoA generated by the reductive carboxylase activity of Ccr back into butyryl-CoA. A high cellular content of P(3HB-co-3HHx) composed of 22mol% 3HHx could be produced from fructose by the engineered strain of R. eutropha with ΔphaB1 genotype expressing ccr, phaJ4a, and emd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayatip Insomphun
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Huan Xie
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Mifune
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yui Kawashima
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Izumi Orita
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakamura
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Fukui
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
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Gruber S, Hagen J, Schwab H, Koefinger P. Versatile and stable vectors for efficient gene expression in Ralstonia eutropha H16. J Biotechnol 2014; 186:74-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Wang Q, Yang P, Xian M, Feng L, Wang J, Zhao G. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for poly(3-hydroxypropionate) production from glycerol and glucose. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:2257-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Isopropanol production with engineered Cupriavidus necator as bioproduction platform. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:4277-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymers from methanol by Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 and the engineered strains under cobalt-deficient conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:3715-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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33
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Wang Q, Yang P, Xian M, Yang Y, Liu C, Xue Y, Zhao G. Biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxypropionate-co-3-hydroxybutyrate) with fully controllable structures from glycerol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 142:741-744. [PMID: 23773835 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
As the most representative biodegradable thermoplastic, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) has a limited range of applications because of its poor thermal and physical properties. To improve its properties, a novel biosynthetic system was designed to produce poly(3-hydroxypropionate-co-3-hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HP-co-3HB)) with fully controllable structures from inexpensive carbon source. In this system, two parallel synthetic pathways controlled by independent regulatory systems were used to produce the 3HP and 3HB monomers, respectively. Through tuning the expression level of appropriate genes, P(3HP-co-3HB) copolyesters were synthesized with a wide range of 3HP fraction from 11.5 mol% to 94.6 mol%. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis demonstrated that the thermal properties of P(3HP-co-3HB) copolymer were totally dependent on its composition. The bioreactor cultivation was also performed and accumulated 9.8 g/L P(48.2 mol% 3HP-co-3HB) using glycerol as sole carbon source, which represented the highest production so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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Detection of phase-dependent transcriptomic changes and Rubisco-mediated CO2 fixation into poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) under heterotrophic condition in Ralstonia eutropha H16 based on RNA-seq and gene deletion analyses. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:169. [PMID: 23879744 PMCID: PMC3734047 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ralstonia eutropha H16 is well known to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), which are potential bio-based biodegradable plastics, in an efficient manner as an energy storage material under unbalanced growth conditions. To obtain further knowledge of PHA biosynthesis, this study performed a quantitative transcriptome analysis based on deep sequencing of the complementary DNA generated from the RNA (RNA-seq) of R. eutropha H16. Results Total RNAs were extracted from R. eutropha cells in growth, PHA production, and stationary phases on fructose. rRNAs in the preparation were removed by repeated treatments with magnetic beads specific to bacterial rRNAs, and then the 36 bp sequences were determined using an Illumina high-throughput sequencer. The RNA-seq results indicated the induction of gene expression for transcription, translation, cell division, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, pilus and flagella assembly, energy conservation, and fatty acid biosynthesis in the growth phase; and the repression trends of genes involved in central metabolisms in the PHA production phase. Interestingly, the transcription of genes for Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle and several genes for β-oxidation were significantly induced in the PHA production phase even when the cells were grown on fructose. Moreover, incorporation of 13C was observed in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) synthesized by R. eutropha H16 from fructose in the presence of NaH13CO3, and further gene deletion analyses revealed that both of the two ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubiscos) in CBB cycle were actually functional in CO2 fixation under the heterotrophic condition. Conclusions The results revealed the phase-dependent transcriptomic changes and a CO2 fixation capability under heterotrophic conditions by PHA-producing R. eutropha.
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Zhu C, Chiu S, Nakas JP, Nomura CT. Bioplastics from waste glycerol derived from biodiesel industry. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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36
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Valdehuesa KNG, Liu H, Nisola GM, Chung WJ, Lee SH, Park SJ. Recent advances in the metabolic engineering of microorganisms for the production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid as C3 platform chemical. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:3309-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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37
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Wang Q, Zhuang Q, Liang Q, Qi Q. Polyhydroxyalkanoic acids from structurally-unrelated carbon sources in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:3301-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4809-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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38
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Mattozzi MD, Ziesack M, Voges MJ, Silver PA, Way JC. Expression of the sub-pathways of the Chloroflexus aurantiacus 3-hydroxypropionate carbon fixation bicycle in E. coli: Toward horizontal transfer of autotrophic growth. Metab Eng 2013; 16:130-9. [PMID: 23376595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The 3-hydroxypropionate (3-HPA) bicycle is unique among CO2-fixing systems in that none of its enzymes appear to be affected by oxygen. Moreover, the bicycle includes a number of enzymes that produce novel intermediates of biotechnological interest, and the CO2-fixing steps in this pathway are relatively rapid. We expressed portions of the 3-HPA bicycle in a heterologous organism, E. coli K12. We subdivided the 3-HPA bicycle into four sub-pathways: (1) synthesis of propionyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA, (2) synthesis of succinate from propionyl-CoA, (3) glyoxylate production and regeneration of acetyl-CoA, and (4) assimilation of glyoxylate and propionyl-CoA to form pyruvate and regenerate acetyl-CoA. We expressed the novel enzymes of the 3-HPA bicycle in operon form and used phenotypic tests for activity. Sub-pathway 1 activated a propionate-specific biosensor. Sub-pathway 2, found in non-CO2-fixing bacteria, was reassembled in E. coli using genes from diverse sources. Sub-pathway 3, operating in reverse, generated succinyl-CoA sufficient to rescue a sucAD(-) double mutant of its diaminopimelic acid (DAP) auxotrophy. Sub-pathway 4 was able to reduce the toxicity of propionate and allow propionate to contribute to cell biomass in a prpC(-)(2 methylcitrate synthase) mutant strain. These results indicate that all of the sub-pathways of the 3-HPA bicycle can function to some extent in vivo in a heterologous organism, as indicated by growth tests. Overexpression of certain enzymes was deleterious to cell growth, and, in particular, expression of MMC-CoA lyase caused a mucoid phenotype. These results have implications for metabolic engineering and for bacterial evolution through horizontal gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew d Mattozzi
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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OOI T, MATSUMOTO K, KADOYA R, TAGUCHI S. Development of Integrated Process for Microbial Bioplastic Production from Plant Biomass. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2013. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.70.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Advanced bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates: Towards a versatile and sustainable platform for unnatural tailor-made polyesters. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1196-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Wang Q, Liu C, Xian M, Zhang Y, Zhao G. Biosynthetic pathway for poly(3-Hydroxypropionate) in recombinant Escherichia coli. J Microbiol 2012; 50:693-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-012-2234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Numata K, Doi Y. Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanaotes by a novel facultatively anaerobic Vibrio sp. under marine conditions. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 14:323-331. [PMID: 22068389 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-011-9416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Marine bacteria have recently attracted attention as potentially useful candidates for the production of practical materials from marine ecosystems, including the oceanic carbon dioxide cycle. The advantages of using marine bacteria for the biosynthesis of poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA), one of the eco-friendly bioplastics, include avoiding contamination with bacteria that lack salt-water resistance, ability to use filtered seawater as a culture medium, and the potential for extracellular production of PHA, all of which would contribute to large-scale industrial production of PHA. A novel marine bacterium, Vibrio sp. strain KN01, was isolated and characterized in PHA productivity using various carbon sources under aerobic and aerobic-anaerobic marine conditions. The PHA contents of all the samples under the aerobic-anaerobic condition, especially when using soybean oil as the sole carbon source, were enhanced by limiting the amount of dissolved oxygen. The PHA accumulated using soybean oil as a sole carbon source under the aerobic-anaerobic condition contained 14% 3-hydroxypropionate (3HP) and 3% 5-hydroxyvalerate (5HV) units in addition to (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) units and had a molecular weight of 42 × 10³ g/mol. The present result indicates that the activity of the beta-oxidation pathway under the aerobic-anaerobic condition is reduced due to a reduction in the amount of dissolved oxygen. These findings have potential for use in controlling the biosynthesis of long main-chain PHA by regulating the activity of the beta-oxidation pathway, which also could be regulated by varying the dissolved oxygen concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Numata
- Enzyme Research Team, RIKEN Biomass Engineering Program, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.
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43
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Identification of mutation points in Cupriavidus necator NCIMB 11599 and genetic reconstitution of glucose-utilization ability in wild strain H16 for polyhydroxyalkanoate production. J Biosci Bioeng 2012; 113:63-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Production of 3-hydroxypropionate homopolymer and poly(3-hydroxypropionate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) copolymer by recombinant Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2011; 13:777-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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45
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A non-NadB type L-aspartate dehydrogenase from Ralstonia eutropha strain JMP134: molecular characterization and physiological functions. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2011; 75:1524-32. [PMID: 21821928 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report the molecular characterization and physiological function of a novel L-aspartate dehydrogenase (AspDH). The purified enzyme was a 28-kDa dimeric protein, exhibiting high catalytic activity for L-aspartate (L-Asp) oxidation using NAD and/or NADP as cofactors. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that the genes involved in the AspDH gene cluster, poly-3-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis, and the TCA cycle were substantially induced by L-Asp in wild-type cells. In contrast, expression of the aspartase and aspartate aminotransferase genes was substantially induced in the AspDH gene knockout mutant (ΔB3576) but not in the wild type. GC-MS analyses revealed that the wild-type strain synthesized poly-3-hydroxybutyrate from fructose or L-Asp, whereas the ΔB3576 mutant did not synthesize PHA from L-Asp. AspDH gene cluster products might be involved in the biosynthesis of the PHA precursor, revealing that AspDH was a non-NadB type enzyme, and thus entirely different from the previously reported NadB type enzymes working in NAD biosynthesis.
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Fukui T, Ohsawa K, Mifune J, Orita I, Nakamura S. Evaluation of promoters for gene expression in polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing Cupriavidus necator H16. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 89:1527-36. [PMID: 21279346 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 11/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Five kinds of promoters were evaluated as tools for regulated gene expression in the PHA-producing bacterium Cupriavidus necator. Several broad-host-range expression vectors were constructed by which expression of a reporter gene gfp was controlled by P(lac), P(tac), or P(BAD) derived from Escherichia coli, or promoter regions of phaC1 (P(phaC)) or phaP1 (P(phaP)) derived from C. necator. Then, the gfp-expression profiles were determined in C. necator strains harboring the constructed vectors when the cells were grown on fructose or soybean oil. P(lac), P(tac), P(phaC), and P(phaP ) mediated constitutive gene expression, among which P(tac) was the strongest promoter. lacI-P(tac) was not thoroughly functional even after addition of isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), probably due to inability of C. necator to uptake IPTG. Gene expression by araC-P(BAD) could be regulated by varying L-arabinose concentration in the medium, although P(3HB) production rate was slightly decreased in the recombinant. phaR-P(phaP) exhibited an expression profile tightly coupled with P(3HB) accumulation, suggesting application of the vector harboring phaR-P(phaP ) for gene expression specific at the PHA-biosynthesis phase. The properties of these promoters were expected to be useful for effective engineering of PHA biosynthesis in C. necator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Fukui
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B-37 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
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Biosynthesis and biodegradation of 3-hydroxypropionate-containing polyesters. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:4919-25. [PMID: 20543057 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01015-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3-Hydroxypropionate (3HP) is an important compound in the chemical industry, and the polymerized 3HP can be used as a bioplastic. In this review, we focus on polyesters consisting of 3HP monomers, including the homopolyester poly(3-hydroxypropionate) and copolyesters poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxypropionate), poly(3-hydroxypropionate-co-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate-co-3-hydroxyoctanoate), poly(4-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxypropionate-co-lactate), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxypropionate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate-co-lactate). Homopolyesters like poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) are often highly crystalline and brittle, which limits some of their applications. The incorporation of 3HP monomers reduces the glass transition temperature, the crystallinity, and also, at up to 60 to 70 mol% 3HP, the melting point of the copolymer. This review provides a survey of the synthesis and physical properties of different polyesters containing 3HP.
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48
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Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate by an improved two-phase reaction system (TPRS). J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 108:517-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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49
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Conversion of glycerol to poly(3-hydroxypropionate) in recombinant Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 76:622-6. [PMID: 19933347 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02097-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed the conversion of glycerol into thermoplastic poly(3-hydroxypropionate) [poly(3HP)]. For this, the genes for glycerol dehydratase (dhaB1) of Clostridium butyricum, propionaldehyde dehydrogenase (pduP) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2, and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase (phaC1) of Ralstonia eutropha were expressed in recombinant Escherichia coli. Poly(3HP) was accumulated up to 11.98% (wt/wt [cell dry weight]) in a two-step, fed-batch fermentation. The present study shows an interesting application to engineer a poly(3HP) synthesis pathway in bacteria.
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