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Kang H, Tolbert TJ, Schöneich C. Photoinduced Tyrosine Side Chain Fragmentation in IgG4-Fc: Mechanisms and Solvent Isotope Effects. Mol Pharm 2018; 16:258-272. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Thomas J. Tolbert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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White DR, Khedri Z, Kiptoo P, Siahaan TJ, Tolbert TJ. Synthesis of a Bifunctional Peptide Inhibitor-IgG1 Fc Fusion That Suppresses Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1867-1877. [PMID: 28581731 PMCID: PMC5659714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease that is estimated to affect over 2.3 million people worldwide. The exact cause for this disease is unknown but involves immune system attack and destruction of the myelin protein surrounding the neurons in the central nervous system. One promising class of compounds that selectively prevent the activation of immune cells involved in the pathway leading to myelin destruction are bifunctional peptide inhibitors (BPIs). Treatment with BPIs reduces neurodegenerative symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. In this work, as an effort to further improve the bioactivity of BPIs, BPI peptides were conjugated to the N- and C-termini of the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of the human IgG1 antibody. Initially, the two peptides were conjugated to IgG1 Fc using recombinant DNA technology. However, expression in yeast resulted in low yields and one of the peptides being heavily proteolyzed. To circumvent this problem, the poorly expressed peptide was instead produced by solid phase peptide synthesis and conjugated enzymatically using a sortase-mediated ligation. The sortase-mediated method showed near-complete conjugation yield as observed by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry in small-scale reactions. This method was scaled up to obtain sufficient quantities for testing the BPI-Fc fusion in mice induced with EAE. Compared to the PBS-treated control, mice treated with the BPI-Fc fusion showed significantly reduced disease symptoms, did not experience weight loss, and showed reduced de-myelination. These results demonstrate that the BPI peptides were highly active at suppressing EAE when conjugated to the large Fc scaffold in this manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek R. White
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Zahra Khedri
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
- Ajinomoto Althea Inc., San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Paul Kiptoo
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
- Sekisui XenoTech, LLC, Kansas City, Kansas 66103, United States
| | - Teruna J. Siahaan
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Thomas J. Tolbert
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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Production, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Well-Defined IgG1 Fc Glycoforms as a Model System for Biosimilarity Analysis. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:559-574. [PMID: 26869419 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Four different well-defined IgG1 Fc glycoforms are proposed as a model system to examine important biological and physicochemical features for protein drug biosimilar analyses. The IgG1 Fc glycoforms were produced by yeast expression combined with in vitro enzymatic synthesis as a series of sequentially truncated high-mannose IgG1 Fc glycoforms with an anticipated range of biological activity and structural stability. Initial characterization with mass spectrometry, SDS-PAGE, size exclusion HPLC, and capillary isoelectric focusing confirmed that the glycoproteins are overall highly similar with the only major difference being glycosylation state. Binding to the activating Fc receptor, FcγRIIIa was used to evaluate the potential biological activity of the IgG1 Fc glycoproteins. Two complementary methods using biolayer interferometry, 1 with protein G-immobilized IgG1 Fc and the other with streptavidin-immobilized FcγRIIIa, were developed to assess FcγRIIIa affinity in kinetic binding studies. The high-mannose IgG1 Fc and Man5-IgG1 Fc glycoforms were highly similar to one another with high affinity for FcγRIIIa, whereas GlcNAc-Fc had weak affinity, and the nonglycosylated N297Q-Fc had no measurable affinity for FcγRIIIa. These 4 IgG1 Fc glycoforms were also evaluated in terms of physical and chemical stability profiles and then used as a model system to mathematically assess overall biosimilarity, as described in a series of companion articles.
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Li C, Mu C, Lin W, Ngai T. Gelatin Effects on the Physicochemical and Hemocompatible Properties of Gelatin/PAAm/Laponite Nanocomposite Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015. [PMID: 26202134 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, inorganic nanoparticles such as Laponite have frequently been incorporated into polymer matrixes to obtain nanocomposite hydrogels with hierarchical structures, ultrastrong tensibilities, and high transparencies. Despite their unique physical and chemical properties, only a few reports have evaluated Laponite-based nanocomposite hydrogels for biomedical applications. This article presents the synthesis and characterization of a novel, hemocompatible nanocomposite hydrogels by in situ polymerization of acrylamide (AAm) in a mixed suspension containing Laponite and gelatin. The compatibility, structure, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the resulting NC gels with varied gel compositions were investigated. Our results show that the prepared nanocomposite hydrogels exhibit good thermal stability and mechanical properties. The introduction of a biocompatible polymer, gelatin, into the polymer matrix did not change the transparency and homogeneity of the resulting nanocomposite hydrogels, but it significantly decreased the hydrogel's pH-responsive properties. More importantly, gelatins that were incorporated into the PAAm network resisted nonspecific protein adsorption, improved the degree of hemolysis, and eventually prolonged the clotting time, indicating that the in vitro hemocompatibility of the resulting nanocomposite hydrogels had been substantially enhanced. Therefore, these nanocomposite hydrogels provide opportunities for potential use in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - To Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, N. T. Hong Kong
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Ha EJ, Kim BS, Park EK, Song KW, Lee SG, An SSA, Paik HJ. Site-specific reversible immobilization and purification of His-tagged protein on poly(2-acetamidoacrylic acid) hydrogel beads. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Ha
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Pusan National University; Busan; 609-735; Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Pusan National University; Busan; 609-735; Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Park
- Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering; Pusan National University; Busan; 609-735; Korea
| | - Ki-Won Song
- Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering; Pusan National University; Busan; 609-735; Korea
| | - Sun-Gu Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Pusan National University; Busan; 609-735; Korea
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of BioNano Technology; Kyungwon University; Sungnam; 461-701; Korea
| | - Hyun-jong Paik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Pusan National University; Busan; 609-735; Korea
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Abstract
Site-specific modification of glycoproteins has wide application in both biochemical and biophysical studies. This method describes the conjugation of synthetic molecules to the N-terminus of a glycoprotein fragment, viz., human immunoglobulin G subclass 1 fragment crystallizable (IgG1 Fc), by native chemical ligation. The glycosylated IgG1 Fc is expressed in a glycosylation-deficient yeast strain. The N-terminal cysteine is generated by the endogenous yeast protease Kex2 in the yeast secretory pathway. The N-terminal cysteine is then conjugated with a biotin thioester to produce a biotinylated, glycosylated IgG1 Fc using native chemical ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J. Tolbert
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
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Xiao J, Hamilton BS, Tolbert TJ. Synthesis of N-terminally linked protein and peptide dimers by native chemical ligation. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:1943-7. [PMID: 20973495 DOI: 10.1021/bc100370j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dimerization can be utilized to double the molecular weight of proteins and peptides and potentially increase their avidity of binding to target receptors. These dimerization effects may be utilized to increase in vivo half-lives in a manner similar to PEGylation and may also improve biological activity. In this paper, we report a new strategy for the synthesis of N-terminally linked protein and peptide homodimers utilizing native chemical ligation to conjugate a short dithioester linker to the N-terminal cysteines of protein and peptide monomers to form dimers in a single step. This strategy is general and has been applied to the production of dimers from three recombinantly expressed polypeptides, the IgG binding domain Protein G, an HIV entry inhibitor peptide C37H6, and human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). The biological activities of the C37H6 and IL-1ra dimers produced by these methods were retained or even slightly increased when compared to their corresponding monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, 47405, United States
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Verheyen E, Delain-Bioton L, van der Wal S, el Morabit N, Barendregt A, Hennink WE, van Nostrum CF. Conjugation of methacrylamide groups to a model protein via a reducible linker for immobilization and subsequent triggered release from hydrogels. Macromol Biosci 2010; 10:1517-26. [PMID: 20824693 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
An efficient strategy is reported to introduce methacrylamide groups on the lysine residues of a model protein (lysozyme) for immobilization and triggered release from a hydrogel network. A novel spacer unit was designed, containing a disulfide bond, such that the release of the protein can be triggered by reduction. The modified proteins were characterized by MALDI-TOF MS, titration of free NH(2) residues and spectral analysis. The modification reaction is well controlled, and the number of introduced functions can be tailored by changing the reaction conditions. Gel electrophoresis experiments showed that the methacrylamide modified protein can be immobilized in a polyacrylamide hydrogel and subsequently released by reduction of the spacer by which the protein was grafted to the polymeric network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Verheyen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Xiao J, Tolbert TJ. Synthesis of N-terminally linked protein dimers and trimers by a combined native chemical ligation-CuAAC click chemistry strategy. Org Lett 2010; 11:4144-7. [PMID: 19705863 DOI: 10.1021/ol9016468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for the synthesis of N-terminally linked protein multimers is reported. Azide and alkyne thioesters were synthesized for the N-terminal modification of expressed proteins using native chemical ligation (NCL). Proteins modified by these moieties can be joined together to form homodimers and homotrimers via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne [3 + 2] cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry. The orthogonal nature of this reaction allows the production of protein heteromultimers, and this is demonstrated by synthesis of a protein heterodimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Xiao
- Interdisciplinary Biochemistry Graduate Program and Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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Ai HW, Shen W, Brustad E, Schultz P. Genetically Encoded Alkenes in Yeast. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 49:935-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200905590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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