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RedCorn R, Lamb JR, Gottshall E, Stahl DA, Winkler MK. Light-weight oxygen supply for portable biological nitrogen removal from urine and sweat. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Nejadmansouri M, Razmjooei M, Safdarianghomsheh R, Shad E, Delvigne F, Khalesi M. Semi-continuous production of xanthan in biofilm reactor using Xanthomonas campestris. J Biotechnol 2021; 328:1-11. [PMID: 33453292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Semi-continuous production of xanthan gum using self-immobilized Xanthomonas campestris cells in biofilm reactors was studied. Fermentation was carried out using two different designs of biofilm reactor equipped with a) stainless-steel support (SSS) and b) polyethylene support (PES). Fermentation was performed in three cycles with refreshing the media at the beginning of each: cycle 1, 0-27 h; cycle 2, 27-54 h; and cycle 3, 54-78.5 h. Results showed that the glucose consumption and the pH reduction in the PES biofilm reactor was faster compared to the SSS biofilm reactor. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the SSS was capable to immobilize more cells during the growth of X. campestris. The maximum concentration of xanthan gum in the SSS biofilm reactor obtained after 27 h (3.47 ± 0.71 g/L), while the maximum concentration of xanthan in the PES biofilm reactor obtained after 78.5 h (3.21 ± 0.68 g/L). Thermal stability analysis of xanthan using differential scanning calorimetry showed the presence of two fractures attributed to dehydration and degradation of polymer. The thermogram represented both endothermal and exothermal behaviour of xanthan polymer. Furthermore, the functional groups and molecular structure of the xanthan produced in this study was evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and also proton nuclear magnetic resonance. in addition, the surface tension of (0.2 %, w/v) xanthan gum solution was in a range of 52.16-56.5 mN/m. Rheological analysis of xanthan showed that the G' values were higher than the G″ in all frequencies demonstrating a relatively high elasticity of the produced xanthan gum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nejadmansouri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Razmjooei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Safdarianghomsheh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Shad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Frank Delvigne
- Microbial Processes and Interactions (MiPI), TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Mohammadreza Khalesi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Sun L, Xin F, Alper HS. Bio-synthesis of food additives and colorants-a growing trend in future food. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 47:107694. [PMID: 33388370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Food additives and colorants are extensively used in the food industry to improve food quality and safety during processing, storage and packing. Sourcing of these molecules is predominately through three means: extraction from natural sources, chemical synthesis, and bio-production, with the first two being the most utilized. However, growing demands for sustainability, safety and "natural" products have renewed interest in using bio-based production methods. Likewise, the move to more cultured foods and meat alternatives requires the production of new additives and colorants. The production of bio-based food additives and colorants is an interdisciplinary research endeavor and represents a growing trend in future food. To highlight the potential of microbial hosts for food additive and colorant production, we focus on current advances for example molecules based on their utilization stage and bio-production yield as follows: (I) approved and industrially produced with high titers; (II) approved and produced with decent titers (in the g/L range), but requiring further engineering to reduce production costs; (III) approved and produced with very early stage titers (in the mg/L range); and (IV) new/potential candidates that have not been approved but can be sourced through microbes. Promising approaches, as well as current challenges and future directions will also be thoroughly discussed for the bioproduction of these food additives and colorants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Sun
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fengjiao Xin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hal S Alper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, United States; McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
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Felicia Katherine R, Muthukumaran C, Sharmila G, Manoj Kumar N, Tamilarasan K, Jaiganesh R. Xanthan gum production using jackfruit-seed-powder-based medium: optimization and characterization. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:248. [PMID: 28711983 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0876-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthan gum (XG) production by Xanthomonas campestris NCIM 2961 using jackfruit seed powder (JSP) as a novel substrate was reported. Central composite design (CCD) of response surface method (RSM) was used to evaluate the linear and interaction effects of five medium variables (JSP, peptone, citric acid, K2HPO4 and KH2PO4) for XG production. Maximum XG production (51.62 g/L) was observed at the optimum level of JSP (4 g/L), peptone (0.93 g/L), citric acid (0.26 g/L), K2HPO4 (1.29 g/L) and KH2PO4 (0.5 g/L). K2HPO4 and KH2PO4 were found as significant medium components, which served as buffering agents as well as nutrients for X. campestris growth. The obtained biopolymer was characterized as XG by XRD and FTIR analysis. Results of this study revealed that JSP was found to be a suitable low cost substrate for XG production.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Felicia Katherine
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - C Muthukumaran
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641 013, India.
| | - G Sharmila
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641 013, India
| | - N Manoj Kumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - K Tamilarasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - R Jaiganesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, India
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Vignesh P, Arumugam A, Ponnusami V. Modeling and steady state simulation: production of xanthan gum from sugarcane broth. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 38:49-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Brandão LV, Assis DJ, López JA, Espiridião MCA, Echevarria EM, Druzian JI. Bioconversion from crude glycerin by Xanthomonas campestris 2103: xanthan production and characterization. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322013000400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhu G, Sheng L, Tong Q. Enhanced gellan gum production by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced oxidative stresses in Sphingomonas paucimobilis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2013; 37:743-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-013-1030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zabot GL, Silva MF, Terra LDM, Foletto EL, Jahn SL, Dal Prá V, Oliveira JV, Treichel H, Mazutti MA. Simulation of the xanthan gum production in continuous fermentation systems. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Savvides AL, Katsifas EA, Hatzinikolaou DG, Karagouni AD. Xanthan production by Xanthomonas campestris using whey permeate medium. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:2759-64. [PMID: 22806202 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide that is widely used as stabilizer and thickener with many industrial applications in food industry. Our aim was to estimate the ability of Xanthomonas campestris ATCC 13951 for the production of xanthan gum by using whey as a growth medium, a by-product of dairy industry. X. campestris ATCC 13951 has been studied in batch cultures using a complex medium for the determination of the optimal concentration of glucose, galactose and lactose. In addition, whey was used under various treatment procedures (de-proteinated, partially hydrolyzed by β-lactamase and partially hydrolyzed and de-proteinated) as culture medium, to study the production of xanthan in a 2 l bioreactor with constant stirring and aeration. A production of 28 g/l was obtained when partially hydrolysed β-lactamase was used, which proved to be one of the highest xanthan gum production reported so far. At the same time, an effort has been made for the control and selection of the most appropriate procedure for the preservation of the strain and its use as inoculant in batch cultures, without loss of its viability and its capability of xanthan gum production. The pre-treatment of whey (whey permeate medium hydrolyzed, WPH) was very important for the production of xanthan by the strain X. campestris ATCC 13951 during batch culture conditions in a 2 l bioreactor. Preservation methods such as lyophilization, cryopreservation at various glycerol solution and temperatures have been examined. The results indicated that the best preservation method for the producing strain X. campestris ATCC 13951 was the lyophilization. Taking into account that whey permeate is a low cost by-product of the dairy industry, the production of xanthan achieved under the studied conditions was considered very promising for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Savvides
- Department of Botany, Microbiology Group, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15781, Athens, Greece
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Cheng R, Lin L, Zhang Y. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) supply significantly improves xanthan gum production mediated by Xanthomonas campestris in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:799-803. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-011-1071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To improve xanthan gum productivity, a strategy of adding hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was studied. The method could intensify oxygen supply through degradation of H2O2 to oxygen (O2). In shake flask testing, the xanthan gum yield reached 2.8% (improved by 39.4%) when adding 12.5 mM H2O2 after 24 h of fermentation. In fermentor testing, it was obvious that the oxygen conditions varied with the H2O2 addition time. Eventually, gum yield of 4.2% (w/w) was achieved (increased by 27.3%). Compared with the method of intense mixing and increasing the air flow rate, adding H2O2 to improve the dissolved oxygen concentration was more effective and much better. Moreover, addition of H2O2 improved the quality of xanthan gum; the pyruvate content of xanthan was 4.4% (w/w), higher than that of the control (3.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cheng
- grid.13291.38 0000000108071581 Chemical Engineering Institute Sichuan University 610065 Chengdu China
| | - Lin Lin
- grid.13291.38 0000000108071581 Chemical Engineering Institute Sichuan University 610065 Chengdu China
| | - Yongkui Zhang
- grid.13291.38 0000000108071581 Chemical Engineering Institute Sichuan University 610065 Chengdu China
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Xanthan gum production under different operational conditions by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv vesicatoria isolated from pepper plant. Food Sci Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-011-0171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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High hydrogen peroxide concentration in the feed-zone affects bioreactor cell productivity with liquid phase oxygen supply strategy. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2007; 31:357-67. [PMID: 17972108 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-007-0170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Liquid phase oxygen supply strategy (LPOS), in which hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is used to supply oxygen to the bioreactor, leads to low cell productivity despite high specific productivities of relevant metabolites. We hypothesized that high H(2)O(2) concentrations in the feed-zone led to local cell death, which in turn, lead to lower cell productivity. To test the hypothesis, a mathematical model was developed. Bacillus subtilis 168 was used as the model system in this study. The model simulations of cell concentrations in the bioreactor-zone were verified with the experimental results. The feed-zone H(2)O(2) concentrations remained 12-14 times higher than bulk bioreactor concentrations. The high local concentrations are expected to cause local cell killing, which explains the decrease in overall cell production by 50% at 300 rpm compared to conventional cultivation. Further, among the four different feed strategies studied using the model, dissolved oxygen (DO) controlled H(2)O(2) feed strategy caused least local cell killing and improved overall cell production by 34%.
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Psomas S, Liakopoulou-Kyriakides M, Kyriakidis D. Optimization study of xanthan gum production using response surface methodology. Biochem Eng J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2007.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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