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Fitting replacement of signal peptide for highly efficient expression of three penicillin G acylases in E. coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:7455-7464. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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PARAMITHA PUTRI FENTRI, NURHASANAH ASTUTIATI, NURHAYATI NIKNIK, HELIANTI IS, SYAMSU KHASWAR. Medium Optimization for Penicillin Acylase (PAc) Production by Recombinant B. megaterium MS941 Containing pac Gene from B. thuringiensis BGSC BD1 Using Response Surface Methodology. MICROBIOLOGY INDONESIA 2015. [DOI: 10.5454/mi.9.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Avinash VS, Pundle AV, Ramasamy S, Suresh CG. Penicillin acylases revisited: importance beyond their industrial utility. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 36:303-16. [PMID: 25430891 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.960359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
It is of great importance to study the physiological roles of enzymes in nature; however, in some cases, it is not easily apparent. Penicillin acylases are pharmaceutically important enzymes that cleave the acyl side chains of penicillins, thus paving the way for production of newer semi-synthetic antibiotics. They are classified according to the type of penicillin (G or V) that they preferentially hydrolyze. Penicillin acylases are also used in the resolution of racemic mixtures and peptide synthesis. However, it is rather unfortunate that the focus on the use of penicillin acylases for industrial applications has stolen the spotlight from the study of the importance of these enzymes in natural metabolism. The penicillin acylases, so far characterized from different organisms, show differences in their structural nature and substrate spectrum. These enzymes are also closely related to the bacterial signalling phenomenon, quorum sensing, as detailed in this review. This review details studies on biochemical and structural characteristics of recently discovered penicillin acylases. We also attempt to organize the available insights into the possible in vivo role of penicillin acylases and related enzymes and emphasize the need to refocus research efforts in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vellore Sunder Avinash
- a Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National , National Chemical Laboratory , Pune , India
| | - Archana Vishnu Pundle
- a Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National , National Chemical Laboratory , Pune , India
| | - Sureshkumar Ramasamy
- a Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National , National Chemical Laboratory , Pune , India
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Biotechnological advances on penicillin G acylase: pharmaceutical implications, unique expression mechanism and production strategies. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1319-32. [PMID: 23721991 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In light of unrestricted use of first-generation penicillins, these antibiotics are now superseded by their semisynthetic counterparts for augmented antibiosis. Traditional penicillin chemistry involves the use of hazardous chemicals and harsh reaction conditions for the production of semisynthetic derivatives and, therefore, is being displaced by the biosynthetic platform using enzymatic transformations. Penicillin G acylase (PGA) is one of the most relevant and widely used biocatalysts for the industrial production of β-lactam semisynthetic antibiotics. Accordingly, considerable genetic and biochemical engineering strategies have been devoted towards PGA applications. This article provides a state-of-the-art review in recent biotechnological advances associated with PGA, particularly in the production technologies with an emphasis on using the Escherichia coli expression platform.
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Torres LL, Ferreras ER, Cantero A, Hidalgo A, Berenguer J. Functional expression of a penicillin acylase from the extreme thermophile Thermus thermophilus HB27 in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:105. [PMID: 22876915 PMCID: PMC3461476 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Penicillin acylases (PACs) are enzymes of industrial relevance in the manufacture of β-lactam antibiotics. Development of a PAC with a longer half-life under the reaction conditions used is essential for the improvement of the operational stability of the process. A gene encoding a homologue to Escherichia coli PAC was found in the genome of the thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus (Tth) HB27. Because of the nature of this PAC and its complex maturation that is crucial to reach its functional heterodimeric final conformation, the overexpression of this enzyme in a heterologous mesophilic host was a challenge. Here we describe the purification and characterization of the PAC protein from Tth HB27 overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Results Fusions to a superfolder green fluorescent protein and differential membrane solubilization assays indicated that the native enzyme remains attached through its amino-terminal end to the outer side of the cytoplasmic membrane of Tth cells. In order to overexpress this PAC in E. coli cells, a variant of the protein devoid of its membrane anchoring segment was constructed. The effect of the co-expression of chaperones and calcium supplementation of the culture medium was investigated. The total production of PAC was enhanced by the presence of DnaK/J and GrpE and even more by trigger factor and GroEL/ES. In addition, 10 mM calcium markedly improved both PAC specific and volumetric activities. Recombinant PAC was affinity-purified and proper maturation of the protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF analysis of the subunits. The recombinant protein was tested for activity towards several penicillins, cephalosporins and homoserine lactones. Hydrophobic acyl-chain penicillins were preferred over the rest of the substrates. Penicillin K (octanoyl penicillin) was the best substrate, with the highest specificity constant value (16.12 mM-1.seg-1). The optimum pH was aprox. 4 and the optimum temperature was 75 °C. The half-life of the enzyme at this temperature was 9.2 h. Conclusions This is the first report concerning the heterologous expression of a pac gene from a thermophilic microorganism in the mesophilic host E. coli. The recombinant protein was identified as a penicillin K-deacylating thermozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia L Torres
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Thermococcus kodakarensis as a host for gene expression and protein secretion. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:2392-8. [PMID: 21278271 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01005-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Taking advantage of the gene manipulation system developed in Thermococcus kodakarensis, here, we developed a system for gene expression and efficient protein secretion using this hyperthermophilic archaeon as a host cell. DNA fragments encoding the C-terminal domain of chitinase (ChiAΔ4), which exhibits endochitinase activity, and the putative signal sequence of a subtilisin-like protease (TK1675) were fused and positioned under the control of the strong constitutive promoter of the cell surface glycoprotein gene. This gene cassette was introduced into T. kodakarensis, and secretion of the ChiAΔ4 protein was examined. ChiAΔ4 was found exclusively in the culture supernatant and was not detected in the soluble and membrane fractions of the cell extract. The signal peptide was specifically cleaved at the C-terminal peptide bond following the Ala-Ser-Ala sequence. Efficient secretion of the orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase protein was also achieved with the same strategy. We next individually overexpressed two genes (TK1675 and TK1689) encoding proteases with putative signal sequences. By comparing protein degradation activities in the host cells and transformants in both solid and liquid media, as well as measuring peptidase activity using synthetic peptide substrates, we observed dramatic increases in protein degradation activity in the two transformants. This study displays an initial demonstration of cell engineering in hyperthermophiles.
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Ye Q. Enhanced production of human epidermal growth factor under control of the phoA promoter by acetate-tolerant Escherichia coli DB15 in a chemically defined medium. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-009-3049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Improved A. faecalis Penicillin Amidase Mutant Retains the Thermodynamic and pH Stability of the Wild Type Enzyme. Protein J 2010; 29:181-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-010-9238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Heterologous production of Escherichia coli penicillin G acylase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Biotechnol 2009; 142:250-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gou BQ, Chu J, Zhang SL, Wang YH, Zhuang YP, Huang H, Li Z, Yuan ZY. Production of penicillin G amidase from Alcaligenes faecalis in a recombinant Escherichia coli. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2008.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cheng S, Song Q, Wei D, Gao B. High-level production penicillin G acylase from Alcaligenes faecalis in recombinant Escherichia coli with optimization of carbon sources. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2007.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Montes T, Grazú V, Manso I, Galán B, López-Gallego F, González R, Hermoso J, García J, Guisán J, Fernández-Lafuente R. Improved Stabilization of Genetically Modified Penicillin G Acylase in the Presence of Organic Cosolvents by Co- Immobilization of the Enzyme with Polyethyleneimine. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200600313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Montes T, Grazú V, López-Gallego F, Hermoso JA, García JL, Manso I, Galán B, González R, Fernández-Lafuente R, Guisán JM. Genetic modification of the penicillin G acylase surface to improve its reversible immobilization on ionic exchangers. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:312-9. [PMID: 17098917 PMCID: PMC1797127 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02107-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2006] [Accepted: 10/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A new mutant of the industrial enzyme penicillin G acylase (PGA) from Escherichia coli has been designed to improve its reversible immobilization on anionic exchangers (DEAE- or polyethyleneimine [PEI]-coated agarose) by assembling eight new glutamic residues distributed homogeneously through the enzyme surface via site-directed mutagenesis. The mutant PGA is produced and processed in vivo as is the native enzyme. Moreover, it has a similar specific activity to and shows the same pH activity profile as native PGA; however, its isoelectric point decreased from 6.4 to 4.3. Although the new enzyme is adsorbed on both supports, the adsorption was even stronger when supports were coated with PEI, allowing us to improve the enzyme stability in organic cosolvents. The use of restrictive conditions during the enzyme adsorption on anionic exchangers (pH 5 and high ionic strength) permitted us to still further increase the strength of adsorption and the enzyme stability in the presence of organic solvents, suggesting that these conditions allow the penetration of the enzyme inside the polymeric beds, thus becoming fully covered with the polymer. After the enzyme inactivation, it can be desorbed to reuse the support. The possibility to improve the immobilization properties on an enzyme by site-directed mutagenesis of its surface opens a promising new scenario for enzyme engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Montes
- Instituto de Catálisis, CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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De León-Rodríguez A, Rivera-Pastrana D, Medina-Rivero E, Flores-Flores JL, Estrada-Baltazar A, Ordóñez-Acevedo LG, de la Rosa APB. Production of penicillin acylase by a recombinant Escherichia coli using cheese whey as substrate and inducer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 23:299-305. [PMID: 17097344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioeng.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2006] [Revised: 09/27/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cheese whey (CW) is the major subproduct from cheese manufacturing and it is considered as a waste pollutant since its high content of lactose. In this work a fermentation process for the production of penicillin acylase (PA) by a recombinant Escherichia coli and using CW as unique carbon source and inducer was developed. A design factorial 3(2) was used to evaluate the influence of independent variables (dissolved oxygen and CW concentration) on the ability of E. coli W3110/pPA102 to produce PA. Maximum specific PA activity of 781 U g(-1) was attained at 5 g L(-1) of CW and 3% dissolved oxygen. The results showed that CW can be used successfully as unique carbon source and inducer for the production of recombinant proteins using constructions driven by the lac promoter and this way reducing the discharges of that pollutant to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio De León-Rodríguez
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Apartado Postal 3-74 Tangamanga, 78231 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico.
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Yang Y, Biedendieck R, Wang W, Gamer M, Malten M, Jahn D, Deckwer WD. High yield recombinant penicillin G amidase production and export into the growth medium using Bacillus megaterium. Microb Cell Fact 2006; 5:36. [PMID: 17132166 PMCID: PMC1687198 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-5-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the last years B. megaterium was continuously developed as production host for the secretion of proteins into the growth medium. Here, recombinant production and export of B. megaterium ATCC14945 penicillin G amidase (PGA) which is used in the reverse synthesis of β-lactam antibiotics were systematically improved. Results For this purpose, the PGA leader peptide was replaced by the B. megaterium LipA counterpart. A production strain deficient in the extracellular protease NprM and in xylose utilization to prevent gene inducer deprivation was constructed and employed. A buffered mineral medium containing calcium ions and defined amino acid supplements for optimal PGA production was developed in microscale cultivations and scaled up to a 2 Liter bioreactor. Productivities of up to 40 mg PGA per L growth medium were reached. Conclusion The combination of genetic and medium optimization led to an overall 7-fold improvement of PGA production and export in B. megaterium. The exclusion of certain amino acids from the minimal medium led for the first time to higher volumetric PGA activities than obtained for complex medium cultivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Biochemical Engineering, TU-BCE, HZI-Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rebekka Biedendieck
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wei Wang
- Biochemical Engineering, TU-BCE, HZI-Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Gamer
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marco Malten
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dieter Jahn
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wolf-Dieter Deckwer
- Biochemical Engineering, TU-BCE, HZI-Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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Viegas SC, Schmidt D, Kasche V, Arraiano CM, Ignatova Z. Effect of the increased stability of the penicillin amidase mRNA on the protein expression levels. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:5069-73. [PMID: 16137683 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2005] [Revised: 07/04/2005] [Accepted: 08/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Several factors at transcriptional, post-transcriptional or post-translational level determine the fate of a target protein and can severely restrict its yield. Here, we focus on the post-transcriptional regulation of the biosynthesis of the periplasmic protein, penicillin amidase (PA). The PA mRNA stability was determined under depleted RNase conditions in strains carrying single or multiple RNase deletions. Single deletion of the endonuclease RNase E yielded, as the highest, a fourfold stabilization of the PA mRNA. This effect, however, was reduced twice at post-translational level. The RNase II, generating secondary exonucleolytic cleavages in the mRNA, although not significantly influencing the PA mRNA decay, led also to an increase of the amount of mature PA. The non-proportional correlation between increased mRNA longevity and amount of active enzyme propose that the rational strategies for yield improvement must be based on a simultaneous tuning of more than one yield restricting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C Viegas
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Apartado 127, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
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