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Huang Y, Zhu Y, Yue HY, Liu YY, Deng LM, Lv L, Wang C, Yang J, Liu JH. Flavomycin restores colistin susceptibility in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. mSystems 2024; 9:e0010924. [PMID: 38695565 PMCID: PMC11237640 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00109-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymyxin is used as a last resort antibiotics for infections caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria and is often combined with other antibiotics to improve clinical effectiveness. However, the synergism of colistin and other antibiotics remains obscure. Here, we revealed a notable synergy between colistin and flavomycin, which was traditionally used as an animal growth promoter and has limited activity against Gram-negative bacteria, using checkerboard assay and time-kill curve analyses. The importance of membrane penetration induced by colistin was assessed by examining the intracellular accumulation of flavomycin and its antimicrobial impact on Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains with truncated lipopolysaccharides. Besides, a mutation in the flavomycin binding site was created to confirm its role in the observed synergy. This synergy is manifested as an augmented penetration of the E. coli outer membrane by colistin, leading to increased intracellular accumulation of flavomycin and enhanced cell killing thereafter. The observed synergy was dependent on the antimicrobial activity of flavomycin, as mutation of its binding site abolished the synergy. In vivo studies confirmed the efficacy of colistin combined with flavomycin against MDR E. coli infections. This study is the first to demonstrate the synergistic effect between colistin and flavomycin, shedding light on their respective roles in this synergism. Therefore, we propose flavomycin as an adjuvant to enhance the potency of colistin against MDR Gram-negative bacteria. IMPORTANCE Colistin is a critical antibiotic in combating multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria, but the emergence of mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) undermines its effectiveness. Previous studies have found that colistin can synergy with various drugs; however, its exact mechanisms with hydrophobic drugs are still unrevealed. Generally, the membrane destruction of colistin is thought to be the essential trigger for its interactions with its partner drugs. Here, we use clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) for specifically mutating the binding site of one hydrophobic drug (flavomycin) and show that antimicrobial activity of flavomycin is critical for the synergy. Our results first give the evidence that the synergy is set off by colistin's membrane destruction and operated the final antimicrobial function by its partner drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Systems Biology Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui-Ying Yue
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Min Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Luchao Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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2
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Structural diversity, bioactivity, and biosynthesis of phosphoglycolipid family antibiotics: recent advances. BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100065. [PMID: 37082588 PMCID: PMC10074958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2022.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Moenomycins, such as moenomycin A, are phosphoglycolipid specialized metabolites produced by a number of actinobacterial species. They are among the most potent antibacterial compounds known to date, which drew numerous studies directed at various aspects of the chemistry and biology of moenomycins. In this review, we outline the advances in moenomycin research over the last decade. We focus on biological aspects, highlighting the contribution of the novel methods of genomics and molecular biology to the deciphering of the biosynthesis and activity of moenomycins. Specifically, we describe the structural diversity of moenomycins as well as the underlying genomic variations in moenomycin biosynthetic gene clusters. We also describe the most recent data on the mechanism of action and assembly of complicated phosphoglycolipid scaffold. We conclude with the description of the genetic control of moenomycin production by Streptomyces bacteria and a brief outlook on future developments.
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3
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Della-Felice F, de Andrade Bartolomeu A, Pilli RA. The phosphate ester group in secondary metabolites. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1066-1107. [PMID: 35420073 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00078k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to mid-2021The phosphate ester is a versatile, widespread functional group involved in a plethora of biological activities. Its presence in secondary metabolites, however, is relatively rare compared to other functionalities and thus is part of a rather unexplored chemical space. Herein, the chemistry of secondary metabolites containing the phosphate ester group is discussed. The text emphasizes their structural diversity, biological and pharmacological profiles, and synthetic approaches employed in the phosphorylation step during total synthesis campaigns, covering the literature from 2000 to mid-2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Della-Felice
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | | | - Ronaldo Aloise Pilli
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Li X, Hu X, Sheng Y, Wang H, Tao M, Ou Y, Deng Z, Bai L, Kang Q. Adaptive Optimization Boosted the Production of Moenomycin A in the Microbial Chassis Streptomyces albus J1074. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:2210-2221. [PMID: 34470207 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Great efforts have been made to improve Streptomyces chassis for efficient production of targeted natural products. Moenomycin family antibiotics, represented by moenomycin (Moe) and nosokomycin, are phosphoglycolipid antibiotics that display extraordinary inhibition against Gram-positive bacteria. Herein, we assembled a completed 34 kb hybrid biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) of moenomycin A (moe-BGC) based on a 24 kb nosokomycin analogue biosynthetic gene cluster (noso-BGC). The heterologous expression of the hybrid moe-BGC in Streptomyces albus J1074 achieved the production of moenomycin A in the recombinant strain LX01 with a yield of 12.1 ± 2 mg/L. Further strong promoter refactoring to improve the transcriptional levels of all of the functional genes in strain LX02 enhanced the production of moenomycin A by 58%. However, the yield improvement of moenomycin A resulted in a dramatic 38% decrease in the chassis biomass compared with the control strain. To improve the weak physiological tolerance to moenomycin A of the chassis, another copy of the gene salb-PBP2 (P238N&F200D), encoding peptidoglycan biosynthetic protein PBP2, was introduced into the chassis strain, producing strain LX03. Cell growth was restored, and the fermentation titer of moenomycin A was 130% higher than that of LX01. Additionally, the production of moenomycin A in strain LX03 was further elevated by 45% to 40.0 ± 3 mg/L after media optimization. These results suggested that the adaptive optimization strategy of strong promoter refactoring in the BGC plus physiological tolerance in the chassis was an efficient approach for obtaining the desired natural products with high titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaojing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yong Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Meifeng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yixin Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Linquan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qianjin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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5
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Wang Y, Liang Z, Zheng Y, Leung ASL, Yan SC, So PK, Leung YC, Wong WL, Wong KY. Rational structural modification of the isatin scaffold to develop new and potent antimicrobial agents targeting bacterial peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18122-18130. [PMID: 35480164 PMCID: PMC9033243 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02119b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of isatin derivatives bearing three different substituent groups at the N-1, C-3 and C-5 positions of the isatin scaffold were systematically designed and synthesized to study the structure-activity relationship of their inhibition of bacterial peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase (PGT) activity and antimicrobial susceptibility against S. aureus, E. coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA (BAA41)) strains. The substituents at these sites are pointing towards three different directions from the isatin scaffold to interact with the amino acid residues in the binding pocket of PGT. Comparative studies of their structure-activity relationship allow us to gain better understanding of the direction of the substituents that contribute critical interactions leading to inhibition activity against the bacterial enzyme. Our results indicate that the modification of these sites is able to maximize the antimicrobial potency and inhibitory action against the bacterial enzyme. Two compounds show good antimicrobial potency (MIC = 3 μg mL-1 against S. aureus and MRSA; 12-24 μg mL-1 against E. coli). Results of the inhibition study against the bacterial enzyme (E. coli PBP 1b) reveal that some compounds are able to achieve excellent in vitro inhibitions of bacterial enzymatic activity (up to 100%). The best half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) observed among the new compounds is 8.9 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hunghom Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Zhiguang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hunghom Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hunghom Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Alan Siu-Lun Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hunghom Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Siu-Cheong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hunghom Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Pui-Kin So
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hunghom Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Yun-Chung Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hunghom Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Wing-Leung Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hunghom Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Kwok-Yin Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hunghom Kowloon Hong Kong P. R. China
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6
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Wang Y, Cheong WL, Liang Z, So LY, Chan KF, So PK, Chen YW, Wong WL, Wong KY. Hydrophobic substituents on isatin derivatives enhance their inhibition against bacterial peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase activity. Bioorg Chem 2020; 97:103710. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Chen X, Wong CH, Ma C. Targeting the Bacterial Transglycosylase: Antibiotic Development from a Structural Perspective. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:1493-1504. [PMID: 31283163 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the major threats to human life nowadays is widespread antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections by targeting their essential pathways, such as the biosynthesis of bacterial cell walls. Bacterial transglycosylase, particularly glycosyltransferase family 51 (GT51), is one critical player in the cell wall biosynthesis and has long been known as a promising yet challenging target for antibiotic development. Here, we review the structural studies of this protein and summarize recent progress in developing its specific inhibitors, including synthetic substrate analogs and novel compounds identified from high-throughput screens. A detailed analysis of the protein-ligand interface has also provided us with valuable insights into the future antibiotic development against the bacterial transglycosylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Nangang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Nangang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Che Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Nangang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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8
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Sehin Y, Koshla O, Dacyuk Y, Zhao R, Ross R, Myronovskyi M, Limbach PA, Luzhetskyy A, Walker S, Fedorenko V, Ostash B. Gene ssfg_01967 (miaB) for tRNA modification influences morphogenesis and moenomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces ghanaensis ATCC14672. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2019; 165:233-245. [PMID: 30543507 PMCID: PMC7003650 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Streptomyces ghanaensis ATCC14672 is remarkable for its production of phosphoglycolipid compounds, moenomycins, which serve as a blueprint for the development of a novel class of antibiotics based on inhibition of peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases. Here we employed mariner transposon (Tn) mutagenesis to find new regulatory genes essential for moenomycin production. We generated a library of 3000 mutants which were screened for altered antibiotic activity. Our focus centred on a single mutant, HIM5, which accumulated lower amounts of moenomycin and was impaired in morphogenesis as compared to the parental strain. HIM5 carried the Tn insertion within gene ssfg_01967 for putative tRNA (N6-isopentenyl adenosine(37)-C2)-methylthiotransferase, or MiaB, and led to a reduced level of thiomethylation at position 37 in the anticodon of S. ghanaensis transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA). It is likely that the mutant phenotype of HIM5 stems from the way in which ssfg_01967::Tn influences translation of the rare leucine codon UUA in several genes for moenomycin production and life cycle progression in S. ghanaensis. This is the first report showing that quantitative changes in tRNA modification status in Streptomyces have physiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliia Sehin
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Hrushevskoho st. 4, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Koshla
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Hrushevskoho st. 4, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
| | - Yuriy Dacyuk
- Department of Physics of the Earth, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Hrushevskoho st. 4, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
| | - Ruoxia Zhao
- Rieveschl Laboratories for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 318 College Dr, 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati OH 45221-0172, USA
| | - Robert Ross
- Rieveschl Laboratories for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 318 College Dr, 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati OH 45221-0172, USA
| | - Maksym Myronovskyi
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland Campus, Building C2.3, 66123 Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Patrick A. Limbach
- Rieveschl Laboratories for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 318 College Dr, 404 Crosley Tower, Cincinnati OH 45221-0172, USA
| | - Andriy Luzhetskyy
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland Campus, Building C2.3, 66123 Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Suzanne Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Victor Fedorenko
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Hrushevskoho st. 4, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
| | - Bohdan Ostash
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Hrushevskoho st. 4, Lviv 79005, Ukraine
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9
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Kemung HM, Tan LTH, Khan TM, Chan KG, Pusparajah P, Goh BH, Lee LH. Streptomyces as a Prominent Resource of Future Anti-MRSA Drugs. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2221. [PMID: 30319563 PMCID: PMC6165876 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pose a significant health threat as they tend to cause severe infections in vulnerable populations and are difficult to treat due to a limited range of effective antibiotics and also their ability to form biofilm. These organisms were once limited to hospital acquired infections but are now widely present in the community and even in animals. Furthermore, these organisms are constantly evolving to develop resistance to more antibiotics. This results in a need for new clinically useful antibiotics and one potential source are the Streptomyces which have already been the source of several anti-MRSA drugs including vancomycin. There remain large numbers of Streptomyces potentially undiscovered in underexplored regions such as mangrove, deserts, marine, and freshwater environments as well as endophytes. Organisms from these regions also face significant challenges to survival which often result in the production of novel bioactive compounds, several of which have already shown promise in drug development. We review the various mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in MRSA and all the known compounds isolated from Streptomyces with anti-MRSA activity with a focus on those from underexplored regions. The isolation of the full array of compounds Streptomyces are potentially capable of producing in the laboratory has proven a challenge, we also review techniques that have been used to overcome this obstacle including genetic cluster analysis. Additionally, we review the in vivo work done thus far with promising compounds of Streptomyces origin as well as the animal models that could be used for this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefa Mangzira Kemung
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Loh Teng-Hern Tan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Tahir Mehmood Khan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Mueang Phayao, Thailand
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Mueang Phayao, Thailand
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10
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Punekar AS, Samsudin F, Lloyd AJ, Dowson CG, Scott DJ, Khalid S, Roper DI. The role of the jaw subdomain of peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases for lipid II polymerization. Cell Surf 2018; 2:54-66. [PMID: 30046666 PMCID: PMC6053601 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases (PGT) catalyse the essential polymerization of lipid II into linear glycan chains required for peptidoglycan biosynthesis. The PGT domain is composed of a large head subdomain and a smaller jaw subdomain and can be potently inhibited by the antibiotic moenomycin A (MoeA). We present an X-ray structure of the MoeA-bound Staphylococcus aureus monofunctional PGT enzyme, revealing electron density for a second MoeA bound to the jaw subdomain as well as the PGT donor site. Isothermal titration calorimetry confirms two drug-binding sites with markedly different affinities and positive cooperativity. Hydrophobic cluster analysis suggests that the membrane-interacting surface of the jaw subdomain has structural and physicochemical properties similar to amphipathic cationic α -helical antimicrobial peptides for lipid II recognition and binding. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations of the drug-free and -bound forms of the enzyme demonstrate the importance of the jaw subdomain movement for lipid II selection and polymerization process and provide molecular-level insights into the mechanism of peptidoglycan biosynthesis by PGTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash S. Punekar
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Firdaus Samsudin
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J. Lloyd
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | | | - David J. Scott
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Spallation Source and Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Syma Khalid
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - David I. Roper
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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11
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Yu JY, Cheng HJ, Wu HR, Wu WS, Lu JW, Cheng TJ, Wu YT, Fang JM. Structure-based design of bacterial transglycosylase inhibitors incorporating biphenyl, amine linker and 2-alkoxy-3-phosphorylpropanoate moieties. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:729-741. [PMID: 29574202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Transglycosylase (TGase) is essential to biosynthesis of peptidoglycan for formation of bacterial cell wall. Moenomycin is a potent TGase inhibitor, but not used in clinic treatment due to its poor pharmacokinetics. The E-F disaccharide, phosphoglycerate and lipid tail in moenomycin are crucial elements for TGase inhibition and antibacterial activity. Based on this scaffold, a series of truncated mimics comprising biphenyl, amine linker and 2-alkoxy-3-phosphorylpropanoate moieties were designed to test their TGase inhibitory activity. In this design, the phosphorylpropanoate group is a surrogate of phosphoglycerate with improved stability. A library of lipid tails can be constructed by a straightforward approach using Cu(I)-catalyzed (3 + 2) cycloaddition reactions, and the as-synthesized triazole ring can provide additional hydrogen bonds in the TGase active site. Our molecular docking experiments reveal that the biphenyl group provides π-π and π-cation interactions to act as a simplified alternative of the C-E disaccharide in moenomycin. To play the role of the oxonium transition state in transglycosylation, the amine linker exists as a positively charged species in physiological condition to attain electrostatic interactions with acidic residues. In this study, two biphenyl-linked 2-alkoxy-3-phosphorylpropanoate compounds (8 and 10) are found to exhibit modest inhibitory activity (IC50 ≈ 150 μM) against the TGase of Acinetobacter baumannii and good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 6.3 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiu-Jung Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huei-Ru Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Shen Wu
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jui-Wen Lu
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Jen Cheng
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Ta Wu
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jim-Min Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC; The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC.
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12
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Glycosyltransferases and Transpeptidases/Penicillin-Binding Proteins: Valuable Targets for New Antibacterials. Antibiotics (Basel) 2016; 5:antibiotics5010012. [PMID: 27025527 PMCID: PMC4810414 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics5010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential macromolecular sacculus surrounding most bacteria. It is assembled by the glycosyltransferase (GT) and transpeptidase (TP) activities of multimodular penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) within multiprotein complex machineries. Both activities are essential for the synthesis of a functional stress-bearing PG shell. Although good progress has been made in terms of the functional and structural understanding of GT, finding a clinically useful antibiotic against them has been challenging until now. In contrast, the TP/PBP module has been successfully targeted by β-lactam derivatives, but the extensive use of these antibiotics has selected resistant bacterial strains that employ a wide variety of mechanisms to escape the lethal action of these antibiotics. In addition to traditional β-lactams, other classes of molecules (non-β-lactams) that inhibit PBPs are now emerging, opening new perspectives for tackling the resistance problem while taking advantage of these valuable targets, for which a wealth of structural and functional knowledge has been accumulated. The overall evidence shows that PBPs are part of multiprotein machineries whose activities are modulated by cofactors. Perturbation of these systems could lead to lethal effects. Developing screening strategies to take advantage of these mechanisms could lead to new inhibitors of PG assembly. In this paper, we present a general background on the GTs and TPs/PBPs, a survey of recent issues of bacterial resistance and a review of recent works describing new inhibitors of these enzymes.
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13
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References. Antibiotics (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555819316.refs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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Carbohydrate scaffolds as glycosyltransferase inhibitors with in vivo antibacterial activity. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7719. [PMID: 26194781 PMCID: PMC4530474 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid rise of multi-drug-resistant bacteria is a global healthcare crisis, and new antibiotics are urgently required, especially those with modes of action that have low-resistance potential. One promising lead is the liposaccharide antibiotic moenomycin that inhibits bacterial glycosyltransferases, which are essential for peptidoglycan polymerization, while displaying a low rate of resistance. Unfortunately, the lipophilicity of moenomycin leads to unfavourable pharmacokinetic properties that render it unsuitable for systemic administration. In this study, we show that using moenomycin and other glycosyltransferase inhibitors as templates, we were able to synthesize compound libraries based on novel pyranose scaffold chemistry, with moenomycin-like activity, but with improved drug-like properties. The novel compounds exhibit in vitro inhibition comparable to moenomycin, with low toxicity and good efficacy in several in vivo models of infection. This approach based on non-planar carbohydrate scaffolds provides a new opportunity to develop new antibiotics with low propensity for resistance induction.
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15
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Abstract
Covering up to December 2013. Oligosaccharide natural products target a wide spectrum of biological processes including disruption of cell wall biosynthesis, interference of bacterial translation, and inhibition of human α-amylase. Correspondingly, oligosaccharides possess the potential for development as treatments of such diverse diseases as bacterial infections and type II diabetes. Despite their potent and selective activities and potential clinical relevance, isolated bioactive secondary metabolic oligosaccharides are less prevalent than other classes of natural products and their biosynthesis has received comparatively less attention. This review highlights the unique modes of action and biosynthesis of four classes of bioactive oligosaccharides: the orthosomycins, moenomycins, saccharomicins, and acarviostatins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilianne K McCranie
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, USA.
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16
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Galley NF, O'Reilly AM, Roper DI. Prospects for novel inhibitors of peptidoglycan transglycosylases. Bioorg Chem 2014; 55:16-26. [PMID: 24924926 PMCID: PMC4126109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We examine key aspects of transglycosylase inhibitor design. Low to high throughput assays suitable for transglycosylase drug discovery. Existing chemical start points for transglycosylase active site targeting.
The lack of novel antimicrobial drugs under development coupled with the increasing occurrence of resistance to existing antibiotics by community and hospital acquired infections is of grave concern. The targeting of biosynthesis of the peptidoglycan component of the bacterial cell wall has proven to be clinically valuable but relatively little therapeutic development has been directed towards the transglycosylase step of this process. Advances towards the isolation of new antimicrobials that target transglycosylase activity will rely on the development of the enzymological tools required to identify and characterise novel inhibitors of these enzymes. Therefore, in this article, we review the assay methods developed for transglycosylases and review recent novel chemical inhibitors discovered in relation to both the lipidic substrates and natural product inhibitors of the transglycosylase step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola F Galley
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Amy M O'Reilly
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - David I Roper
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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17
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Gu W, Chen B, Ge M. Design and synthesis of new vancomycin derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2305-8. [PMID: 24751442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A set of vancomycin derivatives with lipid chain attached via a glyceric acid linker was designed and synthesized. A concise synthesis towards these derivatives was developed and the IC50s of these new lipoglycopeptides were tested. Some of them showed very potent activity against both vancomycin sensitive and resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Gu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bei Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min Ge
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China; Acesys PharmaTech, Inc., Science and Technology Building 24B, 5 Xing Mo Fang Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
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18
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Rebets Y, Lupoli T, Qiao Y, Schirner K, Villet R, Hooper D, Kahne D, Walker S. Moenomycin resistance mutations in Staphylococcus aureus reduce peptidoglycan chain length and cause aberrant cell division. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:459-67. [PMID: 24255971 DOI: 10.1021/cb4006744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive pathogen with an unusual mode of cell division in that it divides in orthogonal rather than parallel planes. Through selection using moenomycin, an antibiotic proposed to target peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases (PGTs), we have generated resistant mutants containing a single point mutation in the active site of the PGT domain of an essential peptidoglycan (PG) biosynthetic enzyme, PBP2. Using cell free polymerization assays, we show that this mutation alters PGT activity so that much shorter PG chains are made. The same mutation in another S. aureus PGT, SgtB, has a similar effect on glycan chain length. Moenomycin-resistant S. aureus strains containing mutated PGTs that make only short glycan polymers display major cell division defects, implicating PG chain length in determining bacterial cell morphology and division site placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Rebets
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Tania Lupoli
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Yuan Qiao
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Kathrin Schirner
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Regis Villet
- Division
of Infectious Diseases and Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - David Hooper
- Division
of Infectious Diseases and Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Daniel Kahne
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Suzanne Walker
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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19
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Herzog IM, Fridman M. Design and synthesis of membrane-targeting antibiotics: from peptides- to aminosugar-based antimicrobial cationic amphiphiles. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00012a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by drug resistant and/or slow-growing bacteria are increasingly becoming some of the greatest challenges of health organizations worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido M. Herzog
- School of Chemistry
- Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv
- Israel
| | - Micha Fridman
- School of Chemistry
- Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv
- Israel
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20
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Ostash B, Campbell J, Luzhetskyy A, Walker S. MoeH5: a natural glycorandomizer from the moenomycin biosynthetic pathway. Mol Microbiol 2013; 90:1324-38. [PMID: 24164498 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of the phosphoglycolipid antibiotic moenomycin A attracts the attention of researchers hoping to develop new moenomycin-based antibiotics against multidrug resistant Gram-positive infections. There is detailed understanding of most steps of this biosynthetic pathway in Streptomyces ghanaensis (ATCC14672), except for the ultimate stage, where a single pentasaccharide intermediate is converted into a set of unusually modified final products. Here we report that only one gene, moeH5, encoding a homologue of the glutamine amidotransferase (GAT) enzyme superfamily, is responsible for the observed diversity of terminally decorated moenomycins. Genetic and biochemical evidence support the idea that MoeH5 is a novel member of the GAT superfamily, whose homologues are involved in the synthesis of various secondary metabolites as well as K and O antigens of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Our results provide insights into the mechanism of MoeH5 and its counterparts, and give us a new tool for the diversification of phosphoglycolipid antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan Ostash
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 4 Hrushevskoho st., Lviv, 79005, Ukraine; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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21
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Walsh CT, Wencewicz TA. Prospects for new antibiotics: a molecule-centered perspective. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2013; 67:7-22. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2013.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Gampe CM, Tsukamoto H, Doud EH, Walker S, Kahne D. Tuning the moenomycin pharmacophore to enable discovery of bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitors. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:3776-9. [PMID: 23448584 DOI: 10.1021/ja4000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New antibiotic drugs need to be identified to address rapidly developing resistance of bacterial pathogens to common antibiotics. The natural antibiotic moenomycin A is the prototype for compounds that bind to bacterial peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases (PGTs) and inhibit cell wall biosynthesis, but it cannot be used as a drug. Here we report the chemoenzymatic synthesis of a fluorescently labeled, truncated analogue of moenomycin based on the minimal pharmacophore. This probe, which has optimized enzyme binding properties compared to moenomycin, was designed to identify low-micromolar inhibitors that bind to conserved features in PGT active sites. We demonstrate its use in displacement assays using PGTs from S. aureus, E. faecalis, and E. coli. 110,000 compounds were screened against S. aureus SgtB, and we identified a non-carbohydrate based compound that binds to all PGTs tested. We also show that the compound inhibits in vitro formation of peptidoglycan chains by several different PGTs. Thus, this assay enables the identification of small molecules that target PGT active sites, and may provide lead compounds for development of new antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Gampe
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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23
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Herzog IM, Feldman M, Eldar-Boock A, Satchi-Fainaro R, Fridman M. Design of membrane targeting tobramycin-based cationic amphiphiles with reduced hemolytic activity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20162c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Hemolysis caused by amphiphilic tobramycin antimicrobial agents is significantly reduced by altering the bond linking their hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido M. Herzog
- School of Chemistry
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv 69978
- Israel
| | - Mark Feldman
- School of Chemistry
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv 69978
- Israel
| | - Anat Eldar-Boock
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology
- Sackler School of Medicine
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv 69978
- Israel
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology
- Sackler School of Medicine
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv 69978
- Israel
| | - Micha Fridman
- School of Chemistry
- Tel Aviv University
- Tel Aviv 69978
- Israel
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24
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Dumbre S, Derouaux A, Lescrinier E, Piette A, Joris B, Terrak M, Herdewijn P. Synthesis of Modified Peptidoglycan Precursor Analogues for the Inhibition of Glycosyltransferase. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:9343-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ja302099u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shrinivas Dumbre
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry,
Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adeline Derouaux
- Centre d’Ingénierie
des Protéines, Université de Liège, Allée de la chimie, B6a, B-4000, Sart Tilman, Liège,
Belgium
| | - Eveline Lescrinier
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry,
Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - André Piette
- Centre d’Ingénierie
des Protéines, Université de Liège, Allée de la chimie, B6a, B-4000, Sart Tilman, Liège,
Belgium
| | - Bernard Joris
- Centre d’Ingénierie
des Protéines, Université de Liège, Allée de la chimie, B6a, B-4000, Sart Tilman, Liège,
Belgium
| | - Mohammed Terrak
- Centre d’Ingénierie
des Protéines, Université de Liège, Allée de la chimie, B6a, B-4000, Sart Tilman, Liège,
Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry,
Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Minderbroedersstraat 10, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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25
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Crystal structure of Staphylococcus aureus transglycosylase in complex with a lipid II analog and elucidation of peptidoglycan synthesis mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:6496-501. [PMID: 22493270 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1203900109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial transpeptidase and transglycosylase on the surface are essential for cell wall synthesis, and many antibiotics have been developed to target the transpeptidase; however, the problem of antibiotic resistance has arisen and caused a major threat in bacterial infection. The transglycosylase has been considered to be another excellent target, but no antibiotics have been developed to target this enzyme. Here, we determined the crystal structure of the Staphylococcus aureus membrane-bound transglycosylase, monofunctional glycosyltransferase, in complex with a lipid II analog to 2.3 Å resolution. Our results showed that the lipid II-contacting residues are not only conserved in WT and drug-resistant bacteria but also significant in enzymatic activity. Mechanistically, we proposed that K140 and R148 in the donor site, instead of the previously proposed E156, are used to stabilize the pyrophosphate-leaving group of lipid II, and E100 in the acceptor site acts as general base for the 4-OH of GlcNAc to facilitate the transglycosylation reaction. This mechanism, further supported by mutagenesis study and the structure of monofunctional glycosyltransferase in complex with moenomycin in the donor site, provides a direction for antibacterial drugs design.
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26
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Dube DH, Champasa K, Wang B. Chemical tools to discover and target bacterial glycoproteins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:87-101. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc01557a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Ostash B, Walker S. Moenomycin family antibiotics: chemical synthesis, biosynthesis, and biological activity. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:1594-617. [PMID: 20730219 PMCID: PMC2987538 DOI: 10.1039/c001461n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The review (with 214 references cited) is devoted to moenomycins, the only known group of antibiotics that directly inhibit bacterial peptidoglycan glycosytransferases. Naturally occurring moenomycins and chemical and biological approaches to their derivatives are described. The biological properties of moenomycins and plausible mechanisms of bacterial resistance to them are also covered here, portraying a complete picture of the chemistry and biology of these fascinating natural products
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan Ostash
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave., Armenise Bldg. 2, Rm 630, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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