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Shende VV, Bauman KD, Moore BS. The shikimate pathway: gateway to metabolic diversity. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:604-648. [PMID: 38170905 PMCID: PMC11043010 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00037k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Covering: 1997 to 2023The shikimate pathway is the metabolic process responsible for the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. Seven metabolic steps convert phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and erythrose 4-phosphate (E4P) into shikimate and ultimately chorismate, which serves as the branch point for dedicated aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. Bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants (yet not animals) biosynthesize chorismate and exploit its intermediates in their specialized metabolism. This review highlights the metabolic diversity derived from intermediates of the shikimate pathway along the seven steps from PEP and E4P to chorismate, as well as additional sections on compounds derived from prephenate, anthranilate and the synonymous aminoshikimate pathway. We discuss the genomic basis and biochemical support leading to shikimate-derived antibiotics, lipids, pigments, cofactors, and other metabolites across the tree of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram V Shende
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Katherine D Bauman
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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2
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Wang X, Meng Q, Chen H, Yin X, Dai H, Zhao P, Pan Y, Xia X, Zhang L. Secondary metabolites isolated from Penicillium christenseniae SD.84 and their antimicrobial resistance effects. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1311-1319. [PMID: 36336920 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2140150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A pair of new quinolone alkaloid enantiomers, (Ra)-(-)-viridicatol (1) and (Sa)-(+)-viridicatol (4), and seven known compounds, namely, 2, 3 and 5-9, were isolated from Penicillium christenseniae SD.84. The structures of 1 and 4 were determined using NMR and HRESIMS data. Theoretical calculations through CD and ECD confirmed 1 and 4 as a pair of enantiomers. The MIC values of 4 against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus were 12.4 and 24.7 μM, respectively, compound 1 had no inhibitory activity. Antimicrobial assays of 2, 3, and 5-7 showed a moderate activity against S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. This study demonstrated the remarkable potential of Penicillium sp. to produce new drug-resistant leading compounds, thereby advancing the mining for new sources of antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Qixia District, China
| | - Qingzhou Meng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Huanqin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Zhao
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yang Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Qixia District, China
| | - Xuekui Xia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, and School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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3
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Guo X, Fan A, Qi X, Liu D, Huang J, Lin W. Indoloquinazoline alkaloids suppress angiogenesis and inhibit metastasis of melanoma cells. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106873. [PMID: 37734192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, targeting angiogenesis emerges as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of melanoma metastasis. Discovery of new antiangiogenic compounds with specific mechanism of action is still desired. In present study, a bioassay-guidance uncovers the EtOAc extract of a marine-derived fungus Aspergillus clavutus LZD32-24 with significant inhibitory activity against the angiogenesis in Tg (fli1a: EGFP) zebrafish model. Extensive chromatographic fractionation led to the isolation of 48 indoloquinazoline alkaloids, including 21 new analogues namely clavutoines A-U (1-21). Their structures were determined by the spectroscopic data, including the ECD, single crystal X-ray diffraction and quantum chemical calculation for the configurational assignments. Among the bioactive analogues, quinadoline B (QB) showed the most efficacy to suppress the zebrafish vascular outgrowth in zebrafish embryos. QB markedly inhibited the migration, invasion and tube formation with weak cytotoxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Investigation of the mode of action revealed QB suppressed the ROCK/MYPT1/MLC2/coffin and FAK /Src signaling pathways, and subsequently disrupted actin cytoskeletal organization. In addition, QB reduced the number of new vessels sprouting from the ex vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), and inhibited the metastasis of B16F10 melanoma cells in lung of C57BL/6 mice through suppressing angiogenesis. These findings suggest that QB is a potential lead for the development of new antiangiogenic agent to inhibit melanoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Aili Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xinyi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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4
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Luo X, Xu MM, Xu XP, Ji SJ. NBS-induced intramolecular annulation reactions for the divergent synthesis of fused- and spirocyclic indolines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6576-6579. [PMID: 37183546 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01920a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
An NBS-induced intramolecular annulation of 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-alkoxypropanamide is described. The reactions proceed well and quickly under mild conditions with the help of a base. It was found that C2-substituents on the indole ring in 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-alkoxypropanamide have a great influence upon the reaction. By using C2-methyl- and C2-phenyl-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-alkoxypropanamide as templates, practical protocols for the divergent synthesis of fused- and spirocyclic indoline compounds were studied and established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Meng-Meng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Innovation Center for Chemical Science, Soochow University, China
| | - Shun-Jun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Suzhou Baolidi Functional Materials Research Institute, Suzhou 215144, People's Republic of China
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5
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Kim HJ, Seo SY, Park HS, Ko JY, Choi SS, Lee SJ, Kim ES. Engineered Escherichia coli cell factory for anthranilate over-production. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1081221. [PMID: 37007513 PMCID: PMC10050376 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1081221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthranilate is a key platform chemical in high demand for synthesizing food ingredients, dyes, perfumes, crop protection compounds, pharmaceuticals, and plastics. Microbial-based anthranilate production strategies have been developed to overcome the unstable and expensive supply of anthranilate via chemical synthesis from non-renewable resources. Despite the reports of anthranilate biosynthesis in several engineered cells, the anthranilate production yield is still unsatisfactory. This study designed an Escherichia coli cell factory and optimized the fed-batch culture process to achieve a high titer of anthranilate production. Using the previously constructed shikimate-overproducing E. coli strain, two genes (aroK and aroL) were complemented, and the trpD responsible for transferring the phosphoribosyl group to anthranilate was disrupted to facilitate anthranilate accumulation. The genes with negative effects on anthranilate biosynthesis, including pheA, tyrA, pabA, ubiC, entC, and trpR, were disrupted. In contrast, several shikimate biosynthetic pathway genes, including aroE and tktA, were overexpressed to maximize glucose uptake and the intermediate flux. The rationally designed anthranilate-overproducing E. coli strain grown in an optimized medium produced approximately 4 g/L of anthranilate in 7-L fed-batch fermentation. Overall, rational cell factory design and culture process optimization for microbial-based anthranilate production will play a key role in complementing traditional chemical-based anthranilate production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Heung-Soon Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Sun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Eung-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Eung-Soo Kim,
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Qu Y, Zhou TY, Guo FW, Wei MY, Chen GY, Gu YC, Wang CY, Shao CL. Analogues of natural products yaequinolones as potential inflammatory inhibitors: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115183. [PMID: 36758306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is connected with a variety of diseases and there is still a need to develop more effective and safer anti-inflammatory drugs. Herein, we synthesized, resolved, and characterized eight enantiopure isomers of yaequinolone J1 (1), yaequinolone J2 (2), 4'-desmethoxyyaequinolone J1 (3), and 4'-desmethoxyyaequinolone J2 (4). The key synthetic steps were extended and 34 racemic analogues modified at the 4-aryl, the N-position, and the pyran ring were designed and synthesized. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities in RAW 264.7 cells of which 13 compounds showed significant inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production at a concentration of 0.1 μM, which was more potent than that of indomethacin. Furthermore, compounds (-)-3, (-)-4, 5h, and 6g reduced the production of IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells at a concentration of 50 nM. A preliminary SAR indicated that 3'-Br (5h), 4'-NO2 (6g) on 4-phenyl and 3-bromobenzyl (7f) on the N-position were the most effective substituents. This is the first report of the anti-inflammatory yaequinolone alkaloids and the present study provided evidence for exploiting this series of highly efficacious derivatives for new anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Yan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Chen XW, Rao L, Chen JL, Zou Y. Unexpected assembly machinery for 4(3H)-quinazolinone scaffold synthesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6522. [PMID: 36316336 PMCID: PMC9622831 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
4(3H)-quinazolinone is the core scaffold in more than 200 natural alkaloids and numerous drugs. Many chemosynthetic methodologies have been developed to generate it; however, investigation of its native enzymatic formation mechanism in fungi has been largely limited to fumiquinazolines, where the two nitrogen atoms come from anthranilate (N-1) and the α-NH2 of amino acids (N-3). Here, via biochemical investigation of the chrysogine pathway, unexpected assembly machinery for 4(3H)-quinazolinone is unveiled, which involves a fungal two-module nonribosomal peptide synthase ftChyA with an unusual terminal condensation domain catalysing tripeptide formation; reveals that N-3 originates from the inorganic ammonium ions or the amide of L-Gln; demonstrates an unusual α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase ftChyM catalysis of the C-N bond oxidative cleavage of a tripeptide to form a dipeptide. Our study uncovers a unique release and tailoring mechanism for nonribosomal peptides and an alternative route for the synthesis of 4(3H)-quinazolinone scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Wei Chen
- grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 P. R. China
| | - Li Rao
- grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 P. R. China
| | - Jia-Li Chen
- grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 P. R. China
| | - Yi Zou
- grid.263906.80000 0001 0362 4044College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 P. R. China
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8
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Weng Y, Xu X, Chen H, Zhang Y, Zhuo X. Tandem Electrochemical Oxidative Azidation/Heterocyclization of Tryptophan‐Containing Peptides under Buffer Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206308. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Weng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Hantao Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Yiyang Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Xianfeng Zhuo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou P.R. China
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Nanudorn P, Thiengmag S, Biermann F, Erkoc P, Dirnberger SD, Phan TN, Fürst R, Ueoka R, Helfrich EJN. Atropopeptides are a Novel Family of Ribosomally Synthesized and Posttranslationally Modified Peptides with a Complex Molecular Shape. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208361. [PMID: 35939298 PMCID: PMC9826248 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Biomacromolecules are known to feature complex three-dimensional shapes that are essential for their function. Among natural products, ambiguous molecular shapes are a rare phenomenon. The hexapeptide tryptorubin A can adopt one of two unusual atropisomeric configurations. Initially hypothesized to be a non-ribosomal peptide, we show that tryptorubin A is the first characterized member of a new family of ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs) that we named atropopeptides. The sole modifying enzyme encoded in the gene cluster, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, is responsible for the atropospecific formation of one carbon-carbon and two carbon-nitrogen bonds. The characterization of two additional atropopeptide biosynthetic pathways revealed a two-step maturation process. Atropopeptides promote pro-angiogenic cell functions as indicated by an increase in endothelial cell proliferation and undirected migration. Our study expands the biochemical space of RiPP-modifying enzymes and paves the way towards the chemoenzymatic utilization of atropopeptide-modifying P450s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakjira Nanudorn
- Institute for Molecular Bio ScienceGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue Strasse 960438Frankfurt am MainGermany,LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG)Senckenberganlage 2560325Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Sirinthra Thiengmag
- Institute for Molecular Bio ScienceGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue Strasse 960438Frankfurt am MainGermany,LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG)Senckenberganlage 2560325Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Friederike Biermann
- Institute for Molecular Bio ScienceGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue Strasse 960438Frankfurt am MainGermany,LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG)Senckenberganlage 2560325Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Pelin Erkoc
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG)Senckenberganlage 2560325Frankfurt am MainGermany,Institute of Pharmaceutical BiologyGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue Strasse 960438FrankfurtGermany
| | - Sabrina D. Dirnberger
- Institute for Molecular Bio ScienceGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue Strasse 960438Frankfurt am MainGermany,LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG)Senckenberganlage 2560325Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Thao N. Phan
- Institute for Molecular Bio ScienceGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue Strasse 960438Frankfurt am MainGermany,LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG)Senckenberganlage 2560325Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Robert Fürst
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG)Senckenberganlage 2560325Frankfurt am MainGermany,Institute of Pharmaceutical BiologyGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue Strasse 960438FrankfurtGermany
| | - Reiko Ueoka
- School of Marine BiosciencesKitasato University1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-kuSagamiharaKanagawa, 252-0373Japan
| | - Eric J. N. Helfrich
- Institute for Molecular Bio ScienceGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue Strasse 960438Frankfurt am MainGermany,LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG)Senckenberganlage 2560325Frankfurt am MainGermany
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10
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Weng Y, Xu X, Chen H, Zhang Y, Zhuo X. Tandem Electrochemical Oxidative Azidation/Heterocyclization of Tryptophan‐Containing Peptides under Buffer Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Weng
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science Chaowang road 18 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Hantao Chen
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Yiyang Zhang
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Xianfeng Zhuo
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
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11
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Nanudorn P, Thiengmag S, Biermann F, Erkoc P, Dirnberger SD, Phan TN, Fürst R, Ueoka R, Helfrich EJN. Atropopeptides are a Novel Family of Ribosomally Synthesized and Posttranslationally Modified Peptides with a Complex Molecular Shape. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pakjira Nanudorn
- Goethe University Frankfurt: Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main Institute for Molecular Bio Science Biozentrum Building 250Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 60438 Frankfurt GERMANY
| | - Sirinthra Thiengmag
- Goethe University Frankfurt: Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main Institute for Molecular Bio Science Biozentrum Building 250Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 60438 Frankfurt GERMANY
| | - Friederike Biermann
- Goethe University Frankfurt: Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main Institute for Molecular Bio Science Biozentrum Building 250Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 60438 Frankfurt GERMANY
| | - Pelin Erkoc
- Goethe University Frankfurt: Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology Biozentrum Building 230Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 60438 Frankfurt GERMANY
| | - Sabrina Doris Dirnberger
- Goethe University Frankfurt: Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main Institute for Molecular Bio Science Biozentrum Building 250Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 60438 Frankfurt GERMANY
| | - Thao Ngoc Phan
- Goethe University Frankfurt: Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main Institute for Molecular Bio Science Biozentrum Building 250Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 60438 Frankfurt GERMANY
| | - Robert Fürst
- Goethe University Frankfurt: Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology Biozentrum Building 230Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 60438 Frankfurt GERMANY
| | - Reiko Ueoka
- Kitasato University: Kitasato Daigaku School of Marine Biosciences 1-15-1 KitasatoMinami-kuSagamihara 252-0373 Kanagawa JAPAN
| | - Eric Jan Nikolaus Helfrich
- Goethe University Frankfurt: Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main Molecular Bio Science Biozentrum Building 250Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9 60438 Frankfurt GERMANY
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12
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Sun C, Tian W, Lin Z, Qu X. Biosynthesis of pyrroloindoline-containing natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1721-1765. [PMID: 35762180 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00030j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2022Pyrroloindoline is a privileged tricyclic indoline motif widely present in many biologically active and medicinally valuable natural products. Thus, understanding the biosynthesis of this molecule is critical for developing convenient synthetic routes, which is highly challenging for its chemical synthesis due to the presence of rich chiral centers in this molecule, especially the fully substituted chiral carbon center at the C3-position of its rigid tricyclic structure. In recent years, progress has been made in elucidating the biosynthetic pathways and enzymatic mechanisms of pyrroloindoline-containing natural products (PiNPs). This article reviews the main advances in the past few decades based on the different substitutions on the C3 position of PiNPs, especially the various key enzymatic mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of different types of PiNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Wenya Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Zhi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xudong Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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13
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Gene mining and efficient biosynthesis of a fungal peptidyl alkaloid. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 13:98-104. [PMID: 36117764 PMCID: PMC9476675 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Peptidyl alkaloids, a series of important natural products can be assembled by fungal non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). However, many of the NRPSs associated gene clusters are silent under laboratory conditions, and the traditional chemical separation yields are low. In this study, we aim to discovery and efficiently prepare fungal peptidyl alkaloids assembled by fungal NRPSs. Methods Bioinformatics analysis of gene cluster containing NRPSs from the genome of Penicillium thymicola, and heterologous expression of the putative gene cluster in Aspergillus nidulans were performed. Isolation, structural identification, and biological evaluation of the product from heterologous expression were carried out. Results The putative tri-modular NRPS AncA was heterologous-expressed in A. nidulans to give anacine (1) with high yield, which showed moderate and selective cytotoxic activity against A549 cell line. Conclusion Heterologous expression in A. nidulans is an efficient strategy for mining fungal peptidyl alkaloids.
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Venice F, Desirò A, Silva G, Salvioli A, Bonfante P. The Mosaic Architecture of NRPS-PKS in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Gigaspora margarita Shows a Domain With Bacterial Signature. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:581313. [PMID: 33329443 PMCID: PMC7732545 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.581313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As obligate biotrophic symbionts, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) live in association with most land plants. Among them, Gigaspora margarita has been deeply investigated because of its peculiar features, i.e., the presence of an intracellular microbiota with endobacteria and viruses. The genome sequencing of this fungus revealed the presence of some hybrid non-ribosomal peptide synthases-polyketide synthases (NRPS-PKS) that have been rarely identified in AMF. The aim of this study is to describe the architecture of these NRPS-PKS sequences and to understand whether they are present in other fungal taxa related to G. margarita. A phylogenetic analysis shows that the ketoacyl synthase (KS) domain of one G. margarita NRPS-PKS clusters with prokaryotic sequences. Since horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has often been advocated as a relevant evolutionary mechanism for the spread of secondary metabolite genes, we hypothesized that a similar event could have interested the KS domain of the PKS module. The bacterial endosymbiont of G. margarita, Candidatus Glomeribacter gigasporarum (CaGg), was the first candidate as a donor, since it possesses a large biosynthetic cluster involving an NRPS-PKS. However, bioinformatics analyses do not confirm the hypothesis of a direct HGT from the endobacterium to the fungal host: indeed, endobacterial and fungal sequences show a different evolution and potentially different donors. Lastly, by amplifying a NRPS-PKS conserved fragment and mining the sequenced AMF genomes, we demonstrate that, irrespective of the presence of CaGg, G. margarita, and some other related Gigasporaceae possess such a sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Venice
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP)-SS Turin-National Research Council (CNR), Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Desirò
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Gladstone Silva
- Department of Mycology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Salvioli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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15
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Oxepinamide F biosynthesis involves enzymatic D-aminoacyl epimerization, 3H-oxepin formation, and hydroxylation induced double bond migration. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4914. [PMID: 33004788 PMCID: PMC7530659 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18713-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxepinamides are derivatives of anthranilyl-containing tripeptides and share an oxepin ring and a fused pyrimidinone moiety. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have been reported on the elucidation of an oxepinamide biosynthetic pathway and conversion of a quinazolinone to a pyrimidinone-fused 1H-oxepin framework by a cytochrome P450 enzyme in fungal natural product biosynthesis. Here we report the isolation of oxepinamide F from Aspergillus ustus and identification of its biosynthetic pathway by gene deletion, heterologous expression, feeding experiments, and enzyme assays. The nonribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) OpaA assembles the quinazolinone core with D-Phe incorporation. The cytochrome P450 enzyme OpaB catalyzes alone the oxepin ring formation. The flavoenzyme OpaC installs subsequently one hydroxyl group at the oxepin ring, accompanied by double bond migration. The epimerase OpaE changes the D-Phe residue back to L-form, which is essential for the final methylation by OpaF.
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16
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Xu MM, Cao WB, Ding R, Li HY, Xu XP, Ji SJ. Dearomatization of Indoles via Azido Radical Addition and Dioxygen Trapping To Access 2-Azidoindolin-3-ols. Org Lett 2019; 21:6217-6220. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Enzyme-mediated cascade reactions are widespread in biosynthesis. To facilitate comparison with the mechanistic categorizations of cascade reactions by synthetic chemists and delineate the common underlying chemistry, we discuss four types of enzymatic cascade reactions: those involving nucleophilic, electrophilic, pericyclic, and radical reactions. Two subtypes of enzymes that generate radical cascades exist at opposite ends of the oxygen abundance spectrum. Iron-based enzymes use O2 to generate high valent iron-oxo species to homolyze unactivated C-H bonds in substrates to initiate skeletal rearrangements. At anaerobic end, enzymes reversibly cleave S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to generate the 5'-deoxyadenosyl radical as a powerful oxidant to initiate C-H bond homolysis in bound substrates. The latter enzymes are termed radical SAM enzymes. We categorize the former as "thwarted oxygenases".
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Walsh
- Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering, and Medicine for Human Health (CheM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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18
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Muthukrishnan I, Sridharan V, Menéndez JC. Progress in the Chemistry of Tetrahydroquinolines. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5057-5191. [PMID: 30963764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydroquinoline is one of the most important simple nitrogen heterocycles, being widespread in nature and present in a broad variety of pharmacologically active compounds. This Review summarizes the progress achieved in the chemistry of tetrahydroquinolines, with emphasis on their synthesis, during the period from mid-2010 to early 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isravel Muthukrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology , SASTRA Deemed University , Thanjavur 613401 , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology , SASTRA Deemed University , Thanjavur 613401 , Tamil Nadu , India.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences , Central University of Jammu , Rahya-Suchani (Bagla) , District-Samba, Jammu 181143 , Jammu and Kashmir , India
| | - J Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgańica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia , Universidad Complutense , 28040 Madrid , Spain
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19
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Shi J, Zeng YJ, Zhang B, Shao FL, Chen YC, Xu X, Sun Y, Xu Q, Tan RX, Ge HM. Comparative genome mining and heterologous expression of an orphan NRPS gene cluster direct the production of ashimides. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3042-3048. [PMID: 30996885 PMCID: PMC6427947 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05670f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing bacterial genomic repositories reveal a great number of uncharacterized biosynthetic gene clusters, representing a tremendous resource for natural product discovery. Genome mining of the marine Streptomyces sp. NA03103 indicates the presence of an orphan nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene cluster (asm), to which there are no homologous gene clusters in the public genome databases. Heterologous expression of the asm gene cluster in the S. lividans SBT18 strain led to the discovery of two novel cyclopeptides, ashimides A and B (1 and 2), with 2 showing cytotoxic activity. In addition, we use bioinformatic analysis, gene inactivation and stable isotope labelling experiments, as well as in vitro biochemical assays, to present a coherent and novel assembly line for ashimide biosynthesis, featuring an unusual desaturation, halogenation and cyclization cascade catalyzed by a P450 monooxygenase and a FAD-dependent halogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Institute of Functional Biomolecules , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , 210023 , China . ;
| | - Ying Jie Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Institute of Functional Biomolecules , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , 210023 , China . ;
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Institute of Functional Biomolecules , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , 210023 , China . ;
| | - Fen Li Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Institute of Functional Biomolecules , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , 210023 , China . ;
| | - Yan Chi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Institute of Functional Biomolecules , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , 210023 , China . ;
| | - Xiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Institute of Functional Biomolecules , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , 210023 , China . ;
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Institute of Functional Biomolecules , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , 210023 , China . ;
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Institute of Functional Biomolecules , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , 210023 , China . ;
| | - Ren Xiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Institute of Functional Biomolecules , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , 210023 , China . ;
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Hui Ming Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Institute of Functional Biomolecules , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , 210023 , China . ;
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Walsh
- Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering, and Medicine for Human Health (CheM-H)Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Bradley S. Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and BiomedicineScripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of California, San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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21
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Yan D, Chen Q, Gao J, Bai J, Liu B, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhang C, Zou Y, Hu Y. Complexity and Diversity Generation in the Biosynthesis of Fumiquinazoline-Related Peptidyl Alkaloids. Org Lett 2019; 21:1475-1479. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daojiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Qibin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Bingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Yalong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Le Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Youcai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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22
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Resende DISP, Boonpothong P, Sousa E, Kijjoa A, Pinto MMM. Chemistry of the fumiquinazolines and structurally related alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:7-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c8np00043c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the isolation, structure elucidation, biological activities, biosynthetic pathways, and synthetic studies of the 77 fumiquinazolines and structurally related alkaloids described up to 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana I. S. P. Resende
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Porto
- 4050-313 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Papichaya Boonpothong
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Porto
- 4050-313 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Porto
- 4050-313 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR)
- Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões
- Matosinhos
- Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar
| | - Madalena M. M. Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Porto
- 4050-313 Porto
- Portugal
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23
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Schwan J, Kleoff M, Hartmayer B, Heretsch P, Christmann M. Synthesis of Quinolinone Alkaloids via Aryne Insertions into Unsymmetric Imides in Flow. Org Lett 2018; 20:7661-7664. [PMID: 30479132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A general strategy for the synthesis of 3,4-dioxygenated quinolin-2-one natural products is reported. The key step is a regioselective insertion of arynes into unsymmetric imides. When performed in continuous flow, the reaction proceeds within minutes, while lower yields and longer reaction times are observed in batch. The resulting N-acylated 2-aminobenzophenones were transformed to (±)-peniprequinolone, (±)-aflaquinolones E and F, (±)-6-deoxyaflaquinolone E, (±)-quinolinones A and B, and (±)-aniduquinolone C in 1-3 steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schwan
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Merlin Kleoff
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Bence Hartmayer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Philipp Heretsch
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Mathias Christmann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
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24
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Walsh CT. Nature Builds Macrocycles and Heterocycles into Its Antimicrobial Frameworks: Deciphering Biosynthetic Strategy. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1283-1299. [PMID: 29993235 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural products with anti-infective activity are largely of polyketide or peptide origin. The nascent scaffolds typically undergo further enzymatic morphing to produce mature active structures. Two kinds of common constraints during maturation of immature scaffolds to active end point metabolites are macrocyclizations and hetrocyclizations. Each builds compact architectures characteristic of many high affinity, specific ligands for therapeutic targets. The chemical logic and enzymatic machinery for macrolactone and macrolactam formations are analyzed for antibiotics such as erythromycins, daptomycin, polymyxins, and vancomycin. In parallel, biosynthetic enzymes build small ring heterocycles, including epoxides, β-lactams, and β-lactones, cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofurans and tetrahydropyrans, thiazoles, and oxazoles, as well as some seven- and eight-member heterocyclic rings. Combinations of fused heterocyclic scaffolds and heterocycles embedded in macrocycles reveal nature's chemical logic for building active molecular frameworks in short efficient pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Walsh
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Shriram 279, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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25
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Geng H, Huang PQ. Rapid Generation of Molecular Complexity by Chemical Synthesis: Highly Efficient Total Synthesis of Hexacyclic Alkaloid (-)-Chaetominine and Its Biosynthetic Implications. CHEM REC 2018; 19:523-533. [PMID: 30252197 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency becomes a key issue in today's natural product total synthesis. While biomimetic synthesis is one of the most elegant strategies to achieve synthetic efficiency and thus to approach the ideal synthesis, most biogenetic pathways are unknown or unconfirmed. In this account, we demonstrate, through the shortest and also the most efficient asymmetric total syntheses of the hexacyclic alkaloid (-)-chaetominine to date, that on the basis of biogenetic thinking, one can develop quite efficient bio-inspired total synthesis, which in turn serves to suggest and chemically validate plausible biosynthetic routes for the natural product. The synthetic strategy thus developed is also inspiring for the development of other synthetic methods and efficient total synthesis of other natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Geng
- Department of Chemistry Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical BiologyiChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical BiologyiChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
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26
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Vece V, Jakkepally S, Hanessian S. Total Synthesis and Absolute Stereochemical Assignment of the Insecticidal Metabolites Yaequinolones J1 and J2. Org Lett 2018; 20:4277-4280. [PMID: 29975546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A highly stereocontrolled total synthesis of (-)-yaequinolone J1 and (+)-yaequinolone J2 was accomplished using an Evans auxiliary to establish a syn-diol unit in an acyclic appendage to a preformed benzopyran core bearing a homoprenyl group. The first total synthesis of a complex member of this family of 3,4-dioxygenated 3,4-dihydro 4-aryl quinolin-2-(1 H)-ones also allowed the assignment of absolute stereochemistry, thereby suggesting the same for several members of this family of biogenetically related alkaloids hitherto reported with relative configurations of stereogenic carbons for some and absolute assignments relying on empirical data for others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Vece
- Department of Chemistry , Université de Montréal , P.O. Box 6128, Succ., Centre-ville, Montréal , Québec , Canada , H3C 3J7
| | - Shashidhar Jakkepally
- Department of Chemistry , Université de Montréal , P.O. Box 6128, Succ., Centre-ville, Montréal , Québec , Canada , H3C 3J7
| | - Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry , Université de Montréal , P.O. Box 6128, Succ., Centre-ville, Montréal , Québec , Canada , H3C 3J7
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27
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Catalytic mechanism and molecular engineering of quinolone biosynthesis in dioxygenase AsqJ. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1168. [PMID: 29563492 PMCID: PMC5862883 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently discovered FeII/α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase AsqJ from Aspergillus nidulans stereoselectively catalyzes a multistep synthesis of quinolone alkaloids, natural products with significant biomedical applications. To probe molecular mechanisms of this elusive catalytic process, we combine here multi-scale quantum and classical molecular simulations with X-ray crystallography, and in vitro biochemical activity studies. We discover that methylation of the substrate is essential for the activity of AsqJ, establishing molecular strain that fine-tunes π-stacking interactions within the active site. To rationally engineer AsqJ for modified substrates, we amplify dispersive interactions within the active site. We demonstrate that the engineered enzyme has a drastically enhanced catalytic activity for non-methylated surrogates, confirming our computational data and resolved high-resolution X-ray structures at 1.55 Å resolution. Our combined findings provide crucial mechanistic understanding of the function of AsqJ and showcase how combination of computational and experimental data enables to rationally engineer enzymes. The catalytic activity of dioxygenase AsqJ is strictly relying on the methylation of quinolone substrates. Here, the authors apply molecular simulations, X-ray crystallography and in vitro biochemical studies to the engineering of dioxygenase AsqJ with improved catalytic activity for modified non-methylated surrogates.
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28
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Cheng Z, Liu D, Cheng W, Proksch P, Lin W. Versiquinazolines L–Q, new polycyclic alkaloids from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus versicolor. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31427-31439. [PMID: 35548256 PMCID: PMC9085628 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06854b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Further chemical examination of a coral-associated fungus Aspergillus versicolor LZD-14-1 by the PHLC-DAD detection resulted in the isolation of six new polycyclic alkaloids, namely versiquinazolines L–Q (1–6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Institute of Ocean Research
- Peking University
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Institute of Ocean Research
- Peking University
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Institute of Ocean Research
- Peking University
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Institute of Ocean Research
- Peking University
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Oxidative cyclizations are important transformations that occur widely during natural product biosynthesis. The transformations from acyclic precursors to cyclized products can afford morphed scaffolds, structural rigidity, and biological activities. Some of the most dramatic structural alterations in natural product biosynthesis occur through oxidative cyclization. In this Review, we examine the different strategies used by nature to create new intra(inter)molecular bonds via redox chemistry. This Review will cover both oxidation- and reduction-enabled cyclization mechanisms, with an emphasis on the former. Radical cyclizations catalyzed by P450, nonheme iron, α-KG-dependent oxygenases, and radical SAM enzymes are discussed to illustrate the use of molecular oxygen and S-adenosylmethionine to forge new bonds at unactivated sites via one-electron manifolds. Nonradical cyclizations catalyzed by flavin-dependent monooxygenases and NAD(P)H-dependent reductases are covered to show the use of two-electron manifolds in initiating cyclization reactions. The oxidative installations of epoxides and halogens into acyclic scaffolds to drive subsequent cyclizations are separately discussed as examples of "disappearing" reactive handles. Last, oxidative rearrangement of rings systems, including contractions and expansions, will be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Cheng Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yi Zou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Christopher T. Walsh
- Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering, and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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30
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Kishimoto S, Tsunematsu Y, Sato M, Watanabe K. Elucidation of Biosynthetic Pathways of Natural Products. CHEM REC 2017; 17:1095-1108. [PMID: 28387469 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201700015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, we have revealed biosynthetic pathways responsible for the formation of important and chemically complex natural products isolated from various organisms through genetic manipulation. Detailed in vivo and in vitro characterizations enabled elucidation of unexpected mechanisms of secondary metabolite biosynthesis. This personal account focuses on our recent efforts in identifying the genes responsible for the biosynthesis of spirotryprostatin, aspoquinolone, Sch 210972, pyranonigrin, fumagillin and pseurotin. We exploit heterologous reconstitution of biosynthetic pathways of interest in our study. In particular, extensive involvement of oxidation reactions is discussed. Heterologous hosts employed here are Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus nidulans and A. niger that can also be used to prepare biosynthetic intermediates and product analogs by engineering the biosynthetic pathways using the knowledge obtained by detailed characterizations of the enzymes. (998 char.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kishimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, City of Shizuoka, 422-8526, JAPAN
| | - Yuta Tsunematsu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, City of Shizuoka, 422-8526, JAPAN
| | - Michio Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, City of Shizuoka, 422-8526, JAPAN
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, City of Shizuoka, 422-8526, JAPAN
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Liang K, Xia C. Recent Advances of Transition Metal-Mediated Oxidative Radical Reactions in Total Synthesis of Indole Alkaloids. CHINESE J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201600777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangjiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources (Yunnan University); Ministry of Education, Yunnan University; Kunming Yunnan 650091 China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Yunnan 650201 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chengfeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources (Yunnan University); Ministry of Education, Yunnan University; Kunming Yunnan 650091 China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Yunnan 650201 China
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Abstract
After an undergraduate degree in biology at Harvard, I started graduate school at The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in New York City in July 1965. I was attracted to the chemical side of biochemistry and joined Fritz Lipmann's large, hierarchical laboratory to study enzyme mechanisms. That work led to postdoctoral research with Robert Abeles at Brandeis, then a center of what, 30 years later, would be called chemical biology. I spent 15 years on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty, in both the Chemistry and Biology Departments, and then 26 years on the Harvard Medical School Faculty. My research interests have been at the intersection of chemistry, biology, and medicine. One unanticipated major focus has been investigating the chemical logic and enzymatic machinery of natural product biosynthesis, including antibiotics and antitumor agents. In this postgenomic era it is now recognized that there may be from 105 to 106 biosynthetic gene clusters as yet uncharacterized for potential new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Walsh
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Chemistry, Engineering, and Medicine for Human Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California;
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[Dedicated to Prof. T. Okada and Prof. T. Nishioka: data science in chemistry]Classification of Alkaloid Compounds Based on Subring Skeleton (SRS) Profiling: On Finding Relationship of Compounds with Metabolic Pathways. JOURNAL OF COMPUTER AIDED CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.2751/jcac.18.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Walsh CT. Insights into the chemical logic and enzymatic machinery of NRPS assembly lines. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:127-35. [PMID: 26175103 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Appreciation that some cyclic peptide antibiotics such as gramicidin S and tyrocidine were nonribosomally synthesized has been known for 50 years. The past two decades of research including advances in bacterial genetics, genomics, protein biochemistry and mass spectrometry have codified the principles of assembly line enzymology for hundreds of nonribosomal peptides and in parallel for thousands of polyketides. The advances in understanding the strategies used for chain initiation, elongation and termination from these assembly lines have revitalized natural product biosynthetic communities.
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35
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Biosynthesis of the α-nitro-containing cyclic tripeptide psychrophilin. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2016; 69:571-3. [PMID: 26956794 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2016.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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36
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Bayram Ö, Feussner K, Dumkow M, Herrfurth C, Feussner I, Braus GH. Changes of global gene expression and secondary metabolite accumulation during light-dependent Aspergillus nidulans development. Fungal Genet Biol 2016; 87:30-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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Wu Y, Jiang C, Wu D, Gu Q, Luo ZY, Luo HB. Palladium-catalyzed C–H bond carboxylation of acetanilides: an efficient usage of N,N-dimethyloxamic acid as the carboxylate source. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1286-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07890c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed carboxylation of acetanilide and N,N-dimethyloxamic acid for the synthesis of N-acyl-anthranilic acids is described. N,N-Dimethyloxamic acid can act as an effective carboxylation precursor with K2S2O8 as the oxidant and Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Deyan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Qiong Gu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Zhang-Yi Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
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Simonetti SO, Larghi EL, Kaufman TS. A convenient approach to an advanced intermediate toward the naturally occurring, bioactive 6-substituted 5-hydroxy-4-aryl-1H-quinolin-2-ones. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2625-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02680f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An advanced intermediate for the total synthesis of the 5-hydroxy-4-aryl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinolin-2-one natural products and a 3,4-bisdesoxy analog of peniprequinolone were synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián O. Simonetti
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR
- CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- S2002LRK Rosario
- Argentina
| | - Enrique L. Larghi
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR
- CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- S2002LRK Rosario
- Argentina
| | - Teodoro S. Kaufman
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR
- CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- S2002LRK Rosario
- Argentina
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Simonetti SO, Larghi EL, Kaufman TS. The 3,4-dioxygenated 5-hydroxy-4-aryl-quinolin-2(1H)-one alkaloids. Results of 20 years of research, uncovering a new family of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:1425-1446. [DOI: 10.1039/c6np00064a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The title alkaloids are discussed. Emphasis is placed on their isolation, source microorganisms and structure, as well as relevant biological activities and synthetic progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian O. Simonetti
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR)
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas – Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- (2000) Rosario
- Argentina
| | - Enrique L. Larghi
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR)
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas – Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- (2000) Rosario
- Argentina
| | - Teodoro S. Kaufman
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR)
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas – Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- (2000) Rosario
- Argentina
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40
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Wang PM, Choera T, Wiemann P, Pisithkul T, Amador-Noguez D, Keller NP. TrpE feedback mutants reveal roadblocks and conduits toward increasing secondary metabolism in Aspergillus fumigatus. Fungal Genet Biol 2015; 89:102-113. [PMID: 26701311 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Small peptides formed from non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) are bioactive molecules produced by many fungi including the genus Aspergillus. A subset of NRPS utilizes tryptophan and its precursor, the non-proteinogenic amino acid anthranilate, in synthesis of various metabolites such as Aspergillus fumigatus fumiquinazolines (Fqs) produced by the fmq gene cluster. The A. fumigatus genome contains two putative anthranilate synthases - a key enzyme in conversion of anthranilic acid to tryptophan - one beside the fmq cluster and one in a region of co-linearity with other Aspergillus spp. Only the gene found in the co-linear region, trpE, was involved in tryptophan biosynthesis. We found that site-specific mutations of the TrpE feedback domain resulted in significantly increased production of anthranilate, tryptophan, p-aminobenzoate and fumiquinazolines FqF and FqC. Supplementation with tryptophan restored metabolism to near wild type levels in the feedback mutants and suggested that synthesis of the tryptophan degradation product kynurenine could negatively impact Fq synthesis. The second putative anthranilate synthase gene next to the fmq cluster was termed icsA for its considerable identity to isochorismate synthases in bacteria. Although icsA had no impact on A. fumigatus Fq production, deletion and over-expression of icsA increased and decreased respectively aromatic amino acid levels suggesting that IcsA can draw from the cellular chorismate pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Mei Wang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Tsokyi Choera
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Philipp Wiemann
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | | | | | - Nancy P Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA; Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA.
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Kuepper J, Dickler J, Biggel M, Behnken S, Jäger G, Wierckx N, Blank LM. Metabolic Engineering of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 to Produce Anthranilate from Glucose. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1310. [PMID: 26635771 PMCID: PMC4656820 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pseudomonas putida KT2440 strain was engineered in order to produce anthranilate (oAB, ortho-aminobenzoate), a precursor of the aromatic amino acid tryptophan, from glucose as sole carbon source. To enable the production of the metabolic intermediate oAB, the trpDC operon encoding an anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase (TrpD) and an indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase (TrpC), were deleted. In addition, the chorismate mutase (pheA) responsible for the conversion of chorismate over prephenate to phenylpyruvate was deleted in the background of the deletion of trpDC to circumvent a potential drain of precursor. To further increase the oAB production, a feedback insensitive version of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase encoded by the aroG (D146N) gene and an anthranilate synthase (trpE (S40F) G) were overexpressed separately and simultaneously in the deletion mutants. With optimized production conditions in a tryptophan-limited fed-batch process a maximum of 1.54 ± 0.3 g L(-1) (11.23 mM) oAB was obtained with the best performing engineered P. putida KT2440 strain (P. putida ΔtrpDC pSEVA234_aroG (D146N) _trpE (S40F) G).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Kuepper
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Dickler
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
| | - Michael Biggel
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
| | | | | | - Nick Wierckx
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
| | - Lars M. Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
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42
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Bräuer A, Beck P, Hintermann L, Groll M. Struktur der Dioxygenase AsqJ: mechanistische Einblicke in die Eintopf-Mehrstufen-Biosynthese eines Chinolonantibiotikums. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Bräuer A, Beck P, Hintermann L, Groll M. Structure of the Dioxygenase AsqJ: Mechanistic Insights into a One-Pot Multistep Quinolone Antibiotic Biosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:422-6. [PMID: 26553478 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Multienzymatic cascades are responsible for the biosynthesis of natural products and represent a source of inspiration for synthetic chemists. The Fe(II)/α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase AsqJ from Aspergillus nidulans is outstanding because it stereoselectively catalyzes both a ferryl-induced desaturation reaction and epoxidation on a benzodiazepinedione. Interestingly, the enzymatically formed spiro epoxide spring-loads the 6,7-bicyclic skeleton for non-enzymatic rearrangement into the 6,6-bicyclic scaffold of the quinolone alkaloid 4'-methoxyviridicatin. Herein, we report different crystal structures of the protein in the absence and presence of synthesized substrates, surrogates, and intermediates that mimic the various stages of the reaction cycle of this exceptional dioxygenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alois Bräuer
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Philipp Beck
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Lukas Hintermann
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching (Germany).
| | - Michael Groll
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching (Germany).
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Culf AS, Čuperlović-Culf M, Ouellette RJ, Decken A. Metal-Free, Acid-Catalyzed ortho-Directed Synthesis of Anthranilic Acid Derivatives Using Carbodiimides. Org Lett 2015; 17:2744-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian S. Culf
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada
| | | | | | - Andreas Decken
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
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49
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Zou Y, Zhan Z, Li D, Tang M, Cacho RA, Watanabe K, Tang Y. Tandem prenyltransferases catalyze isoprenoid elongation and complexity generation in biosynthesis of quinolone alkaloids. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4980-3. [PMID: 25859931 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Modification of natural products with prenyl groups and the ensuing oxidative transformations are important for introducing structural complexity and biological activities. Penigequinolones (1) are potent insecticidal alkaloids that contain a highly modified 10-carbon prenyl group. Here we reveal an iterative prenylation mechanism for installing the 10-carbon unit using two aromatic prenyltransferases (PenI and PenG) present in the gene cluster of 1 from Penicillium thymicola. The initial Friedel-Crafts alkylation is catalyzed by PenI to yield dimethylallyl quinolone 6. The five-carbon side chain is then dehydrogenated by a flavin-dependent monooxygenase to give aryl diene 9, which serves as the electron-rich substrate for a second alkylation with dimethylallyl diphosphate to yield stryrenyl product 10. The completed, oxidized 10-carbon prenyl group then undergoes further structural morphing to yield yaequinolone C (12), the immediate precursor of 1. Our studies have therefore uncovered an unprecedented prenyl chain extension mechanism in natural product biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhajun Zhan
- §College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Dehai Li
- ∥Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Kenji Watanabe
- ⊥Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Sheridan KJ, Dolan SK, Doyle S. Endogenous cross-talk of fungal metabolites. Front Microbiol 2015; 5:732. [PMID: 25601857 PMCID: PMC4283610 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-ribosomal peptide (NRP) synthesis in fungi requires a ready supply of proteogenic and non-proteogenic amino acids which are subsequently incorporated into the nascent NRP via a thiotemplate mechanism catalyzed by NRP synthetases. Substrate amino acids can be modified prior to or during incorporation into the NRP, or following incorporation into an early stage amino acid-containing biosynthetic intermediate. These post-incorporation modifications involve a range of additional enzymatic activities including but not exclusively, monooxygenases, methyltransferases, epimerases, oxidoreductases, and glutathione S-transferases which are essential to effect biosynthesis of the final NRP. Likewise, polyketide biosynthesis is directly by polyketide synthase megaenzymes and cluster-encoded ancillary decorating enzymes. Additionally, a suite of additional primary metabolites, for example: coenzyme A (CoA), acetyl CoA, S-adenosylmethionine, glutathione (GSH), NADPH, malonyl CoA, and molecular oxygen, amongst others are required for NRP and polyketide synthesis (PKS). Clearly these processes must involve exquisite orchestration to facilitate the simultaneous biosynthesis of different types of NRPs, polyketides, and related metabolites requiring identical or similar biosynthetic precursors or co-factors. Moreover, the near identical structures of many natural products within a given family (e.g., ergot alkaloids), along with localization to similar regions within fungi (e.g., conidia) suggests that cross-talk may exist, in terms of biosynthesis and functionality. Finally, we speculate if certain biosynthetic steps involved in NRP and PKS play a role in cellular protection or environmental adaptation, and wonder if these enzymatic reactions are of equivalent importance to the actual biosynthesis of the final metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen K Dolan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Sean Doyle
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University Maynooth, Ireland
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